French and Indian War Online Quiz

During the French and Indian War, Pennsylvania and Virginia were the primary colonies directly bordering the disputed Ohio River Valley. Because of their proximity to the conflict, they had to raise significant taxes to fund local defense and military operations.

The Treaty of Easton (1758) was a peace agreement signed during the French and Indian War. In exchange for British promises to respect Native American land rights west of the Allegheny Mountains, tribes like the Shawnee and Delaware agreed to stop attacking British frontier settlements.

In the context of the mid-Atlantic theater of the French and Indian War, Pennsylvania contributed massive amounts of money and raised thousands of provincial troops to defend its long, exposed frontier. While Massachusetts contributed the most overall in New England, Pennsylvania was the leading contributor among the listed options.

During Pontiac's Rebellion in 1763, Native American warriors successfully captured and destroyed eight British frontier forts. Only Fort Pitt and Fort Detroit successfully withstood the prolonged sieges and remained in British hands.

In late 1758, as British forces approached, the French burned and abandoned Fort Duquesne. The British subsequently constructed a much larger and stronger fortification on the same site, naming it Fort Pitt in honor of William Pitt the Elder.

During the Forbes Expedition of 1758, General John Forbes knew that his army had to capture Fort Duquesne before the onset of winter. Severe cold, snow, and lack of supplies would have forced a retreat and ruined the campaign.

During the Kittanning Expedition of 1756, Colonel John Armstrong led a retaliatory raid against the Delaware Indian village of Kittanning. The provincial forces launched a surprise attack, killed many Native American residents, and burned the entire village to the ground.

Following the defeat of General Braddock in 1755, French-aligned Native American tribes launched devastating raids on frontier settlements. To protect settlers and secure the borders, Pennsylvania constructed a defensive chain of over 200 forts and blockhouses.

At the Battle of the Monongahela in 1755, General Edward Braddock's British forces were ambushed in a wooded ravine just miles from Fort Duquesne. The French and their Native American allies utilized guerrilla tactics from the surrounding high ground, inflicting a catastrophic defeat on the British.

To prevent further costly conflicts with Native Americans after Pontiac's Rebellion, King George III issued the Proclamation of 1763. This decree prohibited British colonists from settling west of the Appalachian Mountains, angering many colonists who had fought for that land.

At the skirmish of Jumonville Glen in 1754, the wounded French officer Joseph Coulon de Jumonville de Villiers was killed by the Seneca chief Tanacharison (the Half King), who crushed his skull with a tomahawk. This controversial killing helped spark the French and Indian War.

The Battle of Fort Necessity (July 3, 1754) was the first major battle of the French and Indian War. It resulted in George Washington's only military surrender when French and Native American forces overwhelmed his poorly positioned fort.

In late 1753, Virginia Governor Robert Dinwiddie sent 21-year-old George Washington to the Ohio Country to deliver a formal warning to the French. The message demanded that the French cease constructing forts and leave territory claimed by the British Crown.