Civil Rights Movement

The 24th Amendment, proposed in 1962 and ratified in 1964, prohibited both Congress and the states from conditioning the right to vote in federal elections on payment of a poll tax or other types of tax.

Martin Luther King Jr. was assassinated on April 4, 1968, at the Lorraine Motel in Memphis, Tennessee, where he had traveled to support striking sanitation workers.

On March 7, 1965, during the first Selma-to-Montgomery march, peaceful voting rights demonstrators were brutally attacked by state troopers and a county deputized force at the Edmund Pettus Bridge, an event that became known as 'Bloody Sunday.'

James Meredith was the first African American student admitted to the segregated University of Mississippi in 1962. In 1966, he organized the 'March Against Fear' to encourage voter registration, during which he was shot and wounded by a sniper.

The Montgomery Bus Boycott, sparked by Rosa Parks' arrest, lasted from December 5, 1955, to December 20, 1956, totaling 381 days, and ended when the Supreme Court ruled segregated buses unconstitutional.

The Civil Rights Act of 1964 was a landmark piece of legislation that outlawed discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, or national origin, and specifically ended segregation in public places and banned employment discrimination.

Martin Luther King Jr. advocated for nonviolent resistance and civil disobedience, drawing inspiration from his Christian beliefs and the peaceful methods of Mahatma Gandhi.

Ruby Bridges became a symbol of the civil rights movement when, at age six, she became the first African American child to desegregate the all-white William Frantz Elementary School in New Orleans on November 14, 1960.

The Freedom Riders were civil rights activists who rode interstate buses into the segregated Southern United States in 1961 to challenge the non-enforcement of Supreme Court decisions ruling that segregated public buses were unconstitutional.

The Voting Rights Act of 1965 is a landmark piece of federal legislation in the United States that prohibited racial discrimination in voting, outlawing literacy tests and other discriminatory practices.

On December 1, 1955, Rosa Parks refused to obey bus driver James F. Blake's order to give up her seat in the 'colored' section to a white passenger, which sparked the Montgomery Bus Boycott.

Thurgood Marshall, serving as the chief counsel for the NAACP, successfully argued the landmark Brown v. Board of Education case before the Supreme Court in 1954, and later became the first African American Supreme Court Justice.

Cesar Chavez co-founded the National Farm Workers Association (later the UFW) and led strikes and boycotts to secure better pay and safer working conditions for migrant farm workers. Martin Luther King Jr. focused primarily on African American civil rights, while Lyndon B. Johnson signed major civil rights legislation as president.

Delivered during the March on Washington in 1963, the "I Have a Dream" speech is one of the most famous speeches in American history, calling for an end to racism. "By Any Means Necessary" is a phrase famously associated with Malcolm X, not Martin Luther King Jr.

The "I Have a Dream" speech was delivered at the Lincoln Memorial during the March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom in 1963. While Selma and Montgomery were also sites of famous civil rights marches, they were not the location of this specific speech.

Thurgood Marshall, who previously argued the landmark Brown v. Board of Education case, was appointed to the Supreme Court by President Lyndon B. Johnson in 1967. Sandra Day O'Connor was the first female justice, and Clarence Thomas was the second African American justice.

Martin Luther King Jr. became the most prominent national leader of the civil rights movement, advocating for nonviolent protest and civil disobedience. While Rosa Parks was a key figure who sparked the Montgomery bus boycott, King became the movement's primary national spokesperson.

Jackie Robinson broke the color barrier in Major League Baseball when he started at first base for the Brooklyn Dodgers. This historic event paved the way for the integration of professional sports in America. Although the question mentions 1959 (which is incorrect since he debuted in 1947), the primary social change associated with him is the integration of major league sports.

The Greensboro sit-ins began at a segregated Woolworth's lunch counter, where four African American college students sat down and refused to leave after being denied service. This peaceful protest sparked a wider sit-in movement across the American South.

The "Little Rock Nine" were a group of nine African American students who enrolled in Little Rock Central High School in 1957. President Dwight D. Eisenhower sent federal troops to escort them into the school to enforce desegregation. Although the question incorrectly states the year as 1954, the event took place in Little Rock, Arkansas.

In Plessy v. Ferguson (1896), the Supreme Court upheld the constitutionality of racial segregation laws for public facilities under the doctrine of "separate but equal." This ruling was later overturned by Brown v. Board of Education in 1954.

The Montgomery bus boycott began in 1955 after Rosa Parks was arrested for refusing to give up her seat to a white passenger. Martin Luther King Jr. was chosen to lead the protest, which successfully resulted in the Supreme Court ruling that segregated buses were unconstitutional.

Martin Luther King Jr. studied Mahatma Gandhi's successful use of nonviolent resistance in India's struggle for independence. King adopted these principles of nonviolence and civil disobedience as the foundation of the American civil rights movement.

The landmark Supreme Court ruling in Brown v. Board of Education (1954) declared that racial segregation in public schools is unconstitutional. The Court ruled that "separate educational facilities are inherently unequal," overturning the Plessy v. Ferguson decision.