Properties of Water

Water is a polar molecule, meaning it has a partial positive and partial negative charge, allowing it to attract and dissolve ionic and polar substances.

Surface tension is the result of cohesive forces between water molecules at the surface, creating a 'skin' effect.

Adhesion is the attraction between molecules of different substances, such as water sticking to the sides of a glass tube.

Capillary action is the ability of a liquid to flow in narrow spaces without the assistance of external forces, driven by adhesion and cohesion.

Water has a high heat capacity because it takes a large amount of energy to break the hydrogen bonds between molecules to increase temperature.

Cohesion is the attraction between molecules of the same substance, which is why water forms droplets.

Hydrogen bonds contribute to water's unique properties, including its density anomaly when frozen, its high heat capacity, and its ability to act as a solvent.

Hydrogen bonds are the attractions that form between the partially positive hydrogen atom of one water molecule and the partially negative oxygen atom of another.

The bond between oxygen and hydrogen within a single water molecule is a polar covalent bond, due to unequal sharing of electrons.