Earth Science: Processes and Classification of rock

Limestone is a classic example of a sedimentary rock, typically formed from the accumulation of shell, coral, and algal debris.

Sedimentary rocks are formed by the accumulation of sediment, which often traps and preserves organic remains like fossils.

Metamorphic rocks are formed when existing rocks are subjected to high heat and pressure, causing them to change physically or chemically.

Extrusive igneous rocks form from lava that cools quickly on the Earth's surface.

Intrusive igneous rocks form from magma that cools slowly beneath the Earth's surface.

Igneous rocks are defined by their formation from the cooling and solidification of molten rock (magma or lava).

Sedimentary rocks are formed through the lithification process, where sediments are compacted and cemented over time.

Deposition is the geological process in which sediments, soil, and rocks are added to a landform or landmass.

Erosion is the process by which natural forces like water, wind, and ice move weathered rock particles from one location to another.

Sediment is the general term for the small fragments of rock, minerals, or organic material produced by weathering.

Weathering is the breaking down of rocks, soil, and minerals as well as wood and artificial materials through contact with the Earth's atmosphere, water, and biological organisms.

Obsidian, for example, is a volcanic glass that is not crystalline and does not meet the strict mineral definition, yet it is considered a rock.

A rock is defined as a naturally occurring solid aggregate of one or more minerals or mineraloids.