British Rule in India

Ahimsa is the ancient Indian principle of nonviolence and reverence for all living things, famously championed by Mahatma Gandhi.

Zamindars were landlords in the British colonial system who were responsible for collecting taxes from the peasants on behalf of the British government.

The Viceroy was the direct representative of the British monarch in India, holding the highest executive authority during the British Raj.

The Salt March (or Dandi March) in 1930 was a nonviolent protest led by Gandhi against the British salt monopoly, which taxed a basic necessity.

India gained independence in 1947, shortly after the end of World War II, which had severely weakened the British Empire's resources and ability to maintain colonial control.

Muhammad Ali Jinnah was the leader of the All-India Muslim League and the primary advocate for the creation of a separate nation for Muslims, which became Pakistan.

Gandhi utilized civil disobedience, the active refusal to obey certain laws or demands of a government, as a nonviolent method to challenge British rule.

The demographic landscape of India during the independence movement was primarily divided between the Hindu and Muslim populations, leading to the partition.

The early Indian National Congress was largely composed of Western-educated, upper-class professionals who sought reform through constitutional means.

Cultural nationalism focuses on the shared heritage, language, and traditions of a people, emphasizing pride in one's own culture.

The 1857 Sepoy Mutiny led the British Parliament to pass the Government of India Act 1858, which transferred control of India from the East India Company to the British Crown.

The immediate trigger for the Sepoy Mutiny was the rumor that the grease used for the new Enfield rifle cartridges was derived from cow and pig fat, which offended both Hindu and Muslim soldiers.

Sepoys were Indian soldiers who served in the armies of the British East India Company.

The British East India Company was a trading company that gradually expanded its influence and military control over India before the British government took direct control in 1858.