Cell Structure

Cell specialization (differentiation) allows cells to perform specific functions within a complex organism. This is a defining feature of multicellular organisms.

The biological hierarchy of organization is: Cell, Tissue, Organ, Organ System, Organism.

Organelles are specialized structures within a cell that perform distinct functions, similar to how organs function within a body.

The cell wall is a rigid outer layer found in plants, fungi, and bacteria that provides structural support and protection.

The cell membrane (or plasma membrane) is the thin, flexible barrier that surrounds all cells and regulates what enters and leaves.

The nucleus contains the cell's genetic material (DNA) and acts as the control center for cellular activities.

The endomembrane system is a group of membranes and organelles in eukaryotic cells that works together to modify, package, and transport lipids and proteins.

Cell theory states that all living things are made of cells, cells are the basic unit of life, and all cells come from pre-existing cells. Spontaneous generation was disproven by experiments like those of Pasteur.

The defining feature of a eukaryotic cell is the presence of a membrane-bound nucleus that houses the genetic material.

Cell theory posits that all cells arise from pre-existing cells through the process of cell division.

Cells are considered the basic unit of structure and function in all living organisms.

Robert Hooke coined the term 'cell' because the structures he observed in cork under a microscope reminded him of the small rooms (cellulae) inhabited by monks.