Indian Folk Theatre and Classical Theatre

Indian folk theatre traditions, such as Yakshagana, Nautanki, and Jatra, historically drew heavily from the Ramayana and Mahabharata epics to engage local audiences.

Tamasha is a form of Indian folk drama begun in the early 18th century in Mahārāshtra. It acquired a distinct form in late Peshwa period of Maratha Empire, in the 18th century. This theatrical form was created by singing girls and dancers imported from North India and the local acrobats and tumblers of lower-caste.

Natyashastra is a detailed treatise and handbook on dramatic art that deals with all aspects of classical Sanskrit theatre. It is believed to be written by Brahman sage Bharata. It has largely influenced dance, music and literary traditions in India. The composition date of Natyashastra is unknown, estimates vary between 500 BCE to 500 CE.

Nautanki is a popular form of folk theatre primarily found in Northern India, specifically in regions like Uttar Pradesh.

Folk theatre is named jata in Bengal. The jatra, also popular in Orissa and eastern Bihar, originated in Bengal in the 15th century as a result of the bhakti movement. Jatra performances resemble the Nautanki of Uttar Pradesh, the Tamasha of Maharashtra and Bhavai of Gujarat. The performance consists of action-packed dialogue with only about six songs.

Therukuttu is a Tamil street theatre form practised in Tamil Nadu. The performances centre around Mahabharat and emphasizes on Draupadi.  The plays are a combination of song, music, dance and drama. Harmonium, drums and cymbals are the musical instruments used.