New political formations in the eighteenth century - class-VIII

The state of Hyderabad was founded by Nizam-ul-Mulk Asaf Jah in 1724 A.D., during the reign of Muhammad Shah Rangila, the 12th Mughal emperor (1719 A.D.-1748 A.D.). But after the death of Nizam-ul-Mulk Asaf Jah in 1748, Hyderabad fell prey to the disruptive forces.

After Shivaji’s death, effective power in the Maratha state was wielded by a family of Chitpavan Brahmanas who served Shivaji’s successors as Peshwa (or principal minister). Poona became the capital of the Maratha kingdom. Under the Peshwas, the Marathas developed a very successful military organisation.

Hyder Ali of Mysore was the first Indian ruler to modernize his military forces by adopting European training methods and organization.

Nizam-ul-mulk, also known as Chin Qulich Khan, founded the Asaf Jahi dynasty in the Deccan, which ruled the Hyderabad state.

Murshid Quli Khan was the first Nawab of Bengal and established the independent state of Bengal in the early 18th century.

Tipu Sultan, born on 20 November 1750 at Devanahalli was the son of Hyder Ali. He was his father's right arm in the wars from which Hyder emerged as the most powerful ruler of southern India. 

The
Mughal emperor Farukhsea appointed Nizam-Ul-Mulk the Subhedar of
Deccan. After this he tried to establish his separate existence at
Hyderabad. He also captured some part of the Pune Pargana.

Saadat Khan (also known as Burhan-ul-Mulk) was appointed the governor of Awadh by the Mughal Emperor in 1722 and subsequently established it as an independent state.

Asaf-ud-Daula, who ruled from 1775 to 1797, shifted the capital of Awadh from Faizabad to Lucknow in 1775.

Asaf-ud-Daulah, the fourth Nawab of Awadh (ruled 1775-1797), permanently shifted the capital from Faizabad to Lucknow in 1775. He transformed Lucknow into a magnificent city with architectural projects including the Bara Imambara, Rumi Darwaza, and other monuments that remain landmarks today.

Shuja-ud-Daulah was the Nawab of Awadh from 5 October 1754 to 26 January 1775. He played a crucial role in the Battle of Panipat and the Battle of Buxar. He had allied himself with Mir Qasim and took part in the Battle of Buxar, which ended in defeat.

Dupleix, the French Governor-General, intervened in the succession disputes of Hyderabad and the Carnatic to expand French influence in India.

In the Carnatic Wars, the English East India Company supported the claims of Anwaruddin, while the French supported Chanda Sahib.

False, Mughal empire started to decline in eighteenth century.

The Mughals did not have a law of primogeniture i.e., a law, whereby the first born son would naturally inherit the throne. Hence, every time a king died, there was a war of succession among the contenders to the throne. 

The period of the Great Mughals, which began in 1526 with Babur’s accession to the throne, ended with the death of Aurangzeb in 1707. Aurangzeb’s death marked the end of medieval era and beginning of modern era in Indian history.