Cytokinins - Plant Hormone

Cytokinins perform several other functions:
- Stimulates cell division.
- Stimulates morphogenesis in tissue culture.
- Stimulates the growth of lateral buds.
- Stimulates leaf expansion.
- Enhance stomatal opening

Cytokinins are the plant hormones that are responsible for cell division and elongation, their help in the delay of leaf senescence as they transport nutrients to these parts. Ethylene is a gaseous hormone and is responsible for transverse growth as swelling of the stem, It hastens the senescence of leaves due to the evolution of ethylene gas.

Kinetin is a type of cytokinin, a class of plant hormone that promotes cell division. Kinetin was originally isolated by Miller and Skoog et al., as compound from autoclaved herring sperm DNA that had cell division-promoting activity.

Cytokinin hormone does the major function of checking senescence and mobilising solutes from one part to another. It promotes the cell division or cytokinesis, in plant roots and shoots.

Phytocytomine is a plant growth regulator. It is a kind of kinetin. It is synthesized from Licheniformis bacillus.

Coconut milk and young kernels of maize contains cytokinin. Cytokinis are a class of plant growth substances that promote cell division, or cytokinesis in plant roots and shoots. It is an adenine derivative.

Kinetin, zeatin, and BAP (Benzylaminopurine) are all well-known synthetic or natural cytokinins.

Kinetin is a type of cytokinin, a class of plant hormone that promotes cell division. Kinetin was originally isolated by Miller and Skoog et al as a compound from autoclaved herring sperm DNA that had cell division-promoting activity.

Kinetin is a type of cytokinin, a class of plant hormone that promotes cell division. Kinetin was originally isolated by Miller and Skoog et al, as a compound from autoclaved herring sperm DNA that had cell division-promoting activity. It was given the name kinetin because of its ability to induce cell division, provided that auxin was present in the medium. Kinetin is often used in plant tissue culture for inducing formation of callus and ti regenerate shoot tissues from callus.

Plant cells are totipotent means, each cell retains total potential to generate a new plant. Callus is an undifferentiated mass of cell generated in plant tissue culture from meristematic cells from which entire plant can be regenerated. The small piece of meristematic tissue which is used in tissue culture to generate callus is called an explant. The ratio between auxin and cytokinin is an important factor deciding initiation of roots and shoots. Phytohormone cytokinin promotes growth of shoot whereas auxin promotes growth of roots. Anther culture is done for production of haploids because anthers contain haploid microspores which can be used to generate new plants. Somatic embryos are produced by direct fusion of somatic cells one with nucleus and another without nucleus.

Cytokinins are the plant hormones which has manifold effects on plants. It includes delaying of senescence, active cell division and so on. Cytokinins increase cell division by stimulating proteins needed for mitosis. Mitosis is non-sexual cell division that occurs in all living things producing additional cells for body growth. The active principle responsible for inducing cell division was isolated first from the extracts of yeasts. Such a substance was called kientin, later the name was changed and called as cytokinin.

Cytokinins are the phytohormones which can delay plant senescence by the stimulation of cell division. Cytokinins also prevent the destruction of chlorophyll and consequently the plant parts do not turn yellow. This is known as Richmond Lang effect after the workers who discovered it.

Cytokinins are phytohormones which have specific effects on cytokinesis and were discovered as kinetin (a modified form of adenine, a purine) from the autoclaved herring sperm DNA. Kinetin does not occur naturally in plants. Search for natural substances with cytokinin-like activities led to the isolation of zeatin from corn-kernels and coconut milk. Since, the discovery of zeatin, several naturally occurring cytokinins and some synthetic compounds with cell division promoting activity, have been identified. Natural cytokinins are synthesised in regions where rapid cell division occurs, for example, root apices, developing shoot buds, young fruits etc.

One effect of cytokinins on plant cells is to delay the aging process. Plant cells, like all living cells, go through a natural aging process known as senescence. Senescence is accelerated in cells of plant parts that are cut, such as flower stems. Botanists think that plants must have a continual supply of cytokinins from the roots. Cut stems, of course, lose their source of cytokinins and therefore age rapidly. When cytokinins are sprayed on leaves of a cut stem of many species, they remain green, whereas unsprayed leaves turn yellow and die.

During the 1940s and 1950s, researchers were trying to find substances that might induce plant cells to divide in tissue culture, a technique in which cells are isolated from plants and grown in a nutrient medium. They discovered that cells would not divide without a substance found in coconut milk. Because coconut milk has a complex chemical composition, investigators did not chemically identify the division-inducing substance for some time. Finally, researchers isolated an active substance from a different source, aged DNA from herring sperm. They called it cytokinin because it induces cytokinesis, or cytoplasmic division. In 1963, researchers identified the first plant cytokinin, zeatin, in corn. Since then, similar molecules have been identified in other plants. Biologists have also synthesized several cytokinins. Cytokinins are structurally similar to adenine, a purine base that is part of DNA and RNA molecules.

The ageing process in plants is known as senescence. Cytokinins delay the process of scenescence. The ability of cytokinins to delay the process of senescence is known as Richmond-Lang effect.

One important effect of cytokinins on plant cells is to delay the aging process. Plant cells, like all living cells, go through a natural aging process known as senescence. Senescence is accelerated in cells of plant parts that are cut, such as flower stems. Botanists think that plants must have a continual supply of cytokinins from the roots. Cut stems, of course, lose their source of cytokinins and therefore age rapidly. When cytokinins are sprayed on leaves of a cut stem of many species, they remain green, whereas unsprayed leaves turn yellow and die.

Cytokinins promote cell division and differentiation of young, relatively unspecialized cells into mature, more specialized cells in intact plants. They are a required ingredient in any plant tissue culture medium and must be present for cells to divide. In tissue culture, cytokinins interact with auxin during the formation of plant organs such as roots and stems. For example, in tobacco tissue culture a high ratio of auxin to cytokinin induces root formation, whereas a low ratio of auxin to cytokinin induces shoot formation. Cytokinins and auxin also interact in the control of apical dominance. Here, their relationship is antagonistic: auxin inhibits the growth of axillary buds, and cytokinin promotes their growth.

Cytokinin causes delay of senescence called Richmond Lang effect. It checks disappearance of chlorophyll and degradation of protein synthesis in leaves. 
Senescense of leaves leads to yellowing and finally leads to the fall from the plant.  If a young excised leaf is kept in water, it slowly changes its color to yellow and dies.  If such leaves are provided with cytokinin, the yellowing is significantly delayed and such an effect is called Richmond and Langs effect; named after the discoverers. 

During the 1940s and 1950s, researchers were trying to find substances that might induce plant cells to divide in tissue culture, a technique in which cells are isolated from plants and grown in a nutrient medium. They discovered that cells would not divide without a substance found in coconut milk. Because coconut milk has a complex chemical composition, investigators did not chemically identify the division-inducing substance for some time. Finally, researchers isolated an active substance from a different source, aged DNA from herring sperm. They called it cytokinin because it induces cytokinesis, or cytoplasmic division. In 1963, researchers identified the first plant cytokinin, zeatin, in corn. Since then, similar molecules have been identified in other plants. Biologists have also synthesized several cytokinins. Cytokinins are structurally similar to adenine, a purine base that is part of DNA and RNA molecules.
Morphogenesis means generation of proper morphological form of a plant body. Cytokinins promote cell division and differentiation of young, relatively unspecialized cells into mature, more specialized cells in intact plants (morphogenesis). They are a required ingredient in any plant tissue culture medium and must be present for cells to divide. In tissue culture, cytokinins interact with auxin during the formation of plant organs such as roots and stems. For example, in tobacco tissue culture a high ratio of auxin to cytokinin induces root formation, whereas a low ratio of auxin to cytokinin induces shoot formation. Cytokinins and auxin also interact in the control of apical dominance. Here their relationship is antagonistic: auxin inhibits the growth of axillary buds, and cytokinin promotes their growth.

Kinetins are a type of phytohormone (cytokinin). One of the important physiological effect of cytokinins is that they delay senescence. This delay in senescence of mature plant parts is known as Richmond Lang effect.

The primary physiological effect of cytokinins is the promotion of cell division (cytokinesis) in plants.

Cytokinin is a type of phytohormone. It encourages the process of cell division and cell differentiation. They promote cytokinesis, and so the term 'Cytokinin'. They affect apical dominance and axillary bud growth.

Auxin promotes stem elongation. It is present in high concentration in apical meristem. Gibberellin controls shoot elongation, seed germination and delay the senescence in leaves and fruit. Cytokinin promotes cell growth and division. It is present in higher concentration in developing areas such as young fruits and seeds. Ethylene helps in fruit ripening, senescence and abscission.

Plants have certain chemical substances in them that transmit messages for maintaining different functions of the body. 

Abscisic acid is a plant growth hormone involved in seed dormancy and responses of plants to stress. This makes option A incorrect. Auxins promote the formation of lateral and adventitious roots, regulate the flower bud development and induce vascular differentiation. This makes option B incorrect. Gibberellins are responsible for stem elongation, breaking seed dormancy, mobilization of endosperm reserves as well as regulate sex determination, flower initiation and fruit set. This makes option C incorrect. Cytokinins are the plant growth hormones that regulate the cell division in root and shoot of the plant both in vivo and in vitro. They do so by regulating the controls that govern the transition of the cell from one stage of the cell cycle to the next one. This makes option D correct. 

Cytokinin is the plant growth regulator which promotes cell division. The hormone retards the process of ageing which is known as senescence. There is stimulation for the production of chlorophyll and the fruits and leaves are prevented from falling. There is breaking of the bud dormancy which allows reproductive growth in the plants.

Cytokinins delay destruction of chlorophyll and proteins and thereby delaying the leaf senescence/ageing. Thus, option C is correct .

Cytokinins are the plant growth hormones that regulate the cell division in root and shoot of the plant both in vivo and in vitro. They do so by regulating the controls that govern the transition of the cell from one stage of the cell cycle to the next one. Thus, option C is correct  

Cytokinins are the growth substances which act primarily on cell division and have little or no effect on extension growth. Cytokinins are derivatives of purine base, adenine, bearing furfuryl substituent. Thus option C is the correct answer. 

Cytokinins have a striking quality to retard senescence (i.e., process of ageing) in plants. External application of cytokinins delay the rate of chlorophyll disappearance and protein degradation which usually accompanies the process of senescence in leaves.

Cytokinins stimulate cell division, even in non-meristematic cells, in presence of auxin. They are most abundant in the growing tissues which are active site of cell division, for example: root, embryos, fruits etc. Cytokinins delay senescence of leaves via their effect on translocation of metabolites and by reducing breakdown of proteins and chlorophyll (the Richmond-Lang effect). Option A is correct. Cytokinins treated leaves withdraw their nutrients from adjacent leaves and maintain their viability. Option C is incorrect as gibberellins (GA) cause cell elongation. Treatment with gibberellins causes bolting (stem elongation) and reverses dwarfism by increasing the intermodal length. Exogenous application of gibberellins prevents senescence in leaves and fruits. Auxin serves as inhibitor of leaf senescence by inhibiting synthesis of abscission layer at the base of petiole or pedicel which in turn causes leaf shedding. Option B is incorrect as auxin is the hormone of cell division and cell expansion both. CoA is a coenzyme which is involved in many metabolic activities like synthesis and oxidation of fatty acid. This makes option D incorrect as CoA is not a plant growth hormone

Cytokinins stimulate cell division, even in non-meristematic cells, in presence of auxin. They are most abundant in the growing tissues which are active site of cell division, for example: root, embryos, fruits etc. This makes option C correct. Option A is incorrect as auxins are the growth hormones that cause cell division as well as cell expansion, thereby causing growth while cytokinins are not involved in cell expansion but only in cell division. Option B is incorrect as gibberellins cause cell elongation. Treatment with gibberellins causes bolting (stem elongation) and reverses dwarfism by increasing the intermodal length. Trypsin is a globular protein with 24kD and one polypeptide chain of 220 residues and serves as proteolytic enzyme (protein digesting enzyme). Option D is incorrect. 

Option D is incorrect as IAA is an auxin that causes apical dominance. It involves withdrawal of root manufactured cytokinins towards apical bud which in turn makes the lateral bud cytokinins deficient. Cytokinins deficiency suppresses growth of lateral buds as cytokinins are the hormones of cell division. Pruning is cutting off the apical portion of branches to induce growth which in turn lowers the amount of auxin synthesized as shoot apex. The lowered auxin synthesis allows translocation of cytokinins to lateral bud stimulating cell division and growth of lateral branches. This makes option C correct. Option A is incorrect as ethylene inhibits lateral buds and causes apical dominance. Option B is incorrect as gibberellins are the hormones of stem elongation of genetic dwarfs and seed germination. 

The cytokinins are plant growth substances which act primarily on cell division and little or no effect on extension growth. The most important function of cytokinins is the promotion of cell division. It is now well established that these are true cell division factors. The varying amount of cytokinins, along with sufficient auxin is required for the growth of callus in the tissue culture experiments. Thus option B is the correct answer.

Cytokinin promotes cell division and cell elongation. Thus they are found in the region where there is rapid cell division like fruits and seeds.

Cytokinins are a class of plant growth substances that promote cell division, or cytokinesis, in plant roots and shoots. They are derivatives of pure adenine. It is a true cell division factor, promotes meristematic tissue regions. It prevents destruction of chlorophyll in leaves.

Cytokinins retard the aging in plants. The effect is called as Richmond-Lang effect. Richmond-Lang effect is retardation of aging due to cytokinins which acts by retarding the rate of destruction of chlorophyll and yellowing of leaves.

Kinetin is present in the coconut water, which is actually a liquid endosperm. Hence, the name coconut milk factor. It actually serves as the nourishment for the growth of embryo in coconut. Coconut water is also used as artificial blood plasma.

Kinetin promotes the synthesis of RNA, proteins, etc., which help in initiation of root, breaking of seed dormancy, etc. In the case of onion root, which underwent kinetin treatment more RNA could be spotted out because of this reason.

Kinetins induce the synthesis of RNA. Kinetin is a type of cytokinin, a class of plant hormone that promotes cell division. It was originally isolated by Miller and Skoog et al. It was given the name kinetin because of its ability to induce cell division. Kinetin is often used in plant tissue culture for inducing formation of callus and to regenerate shoot tissues from callus. Florigen induces flowering.

Cytokinins are a class of plant growth substances that promote cell division or cytokinesis in plant roots and shoots. They are involved primarily in cell growth and differentiation, but also affect apical dominance, axillary bud growth and leaf senescence. Letham first synthesized it from corn milk.

According to Richmond lang effect, cytokinin hormone in plants will cause retardation of chlorophyll and several other proteins. Thus, it helps in reducing the senescence.

Cytokinin is the plant hormone which is found to have profound effects in delaying the ageing of plant and thus increases the shelf life of vegtables and fruits. It acts by retarding the destruction and degeneration of chlorophyll and proteins. This is called as 'Richmond Lang effect'.

Morphogenesis is the process of organ formation. Cytokinin is a plant hormone which plays a major role in organ formation or morphogenesis with the presence of auxin. It helps in rapid multiplication of cells by repeated cytokinesis and karyokinesis.

Cytokinin is a plant hormone. It promotes cell division. It also delays the destruction of chlorophyll and protein. It shows delay of senescence in leaves.  It is mostly produced in the root apex. When an excised leaf is induced to root, it does not turn yellow because root apex synthesizes cytokinin hormone.

Senescence means aging. Cytokinin is a plant hormone. It plays major role in cell proliferation and cell division. During senescence, cytokinin levels are low. It delays in senescence of leaves when sprayed externally by delaying the destruction of chlorophyll and proteins in leaves. 

The first cytokinin discovered was an aminopurine derivative named kinetin. Except zeatin which is adenine derivative, all other present cytokinins are aminopurines. All the naturally occurring cytokinins are substituted purines, in which sixth carbon is substituted by amino group.

Kinetin is a type of cytokinin which is a plant hormone. It promotes cell division. It induces the cell mitosis by maintaining the protein like cyclins and CDKS that are important for mitosis. 

Kinetin is a type of cytokinin which is a plant hormone. It promotes cell division. The first known cytokinin hormone was found in coconut milk. Coconut milk is liquid endosperm. It promotes cell division same as kinetin. It stimulates the embryo to grow when it is supplied with food.

Cytokinins are plant hormones that are involved in various physiological processes. They promotes cell division by stimulating mitosis. Due to increased rate of mitosis, they induce shoot and root morphogenesis. They also plays important role in formation of fruits and seeds.

Cytokinin is a plant hormone. It promotes cell division. It also delays the destruction of chlorophyll and protein. It shows delay of senescence in leaves and keeps leaves green for long time. So when cut or excised leaves are induced to root, it will remain green because root synthesizes cytokinin hormone.

Cytokinins is a plant hormone. It retards ageing senescence of plant parts and thus keep them productive for longer duration. This is called as Richmond Lang effect. It delays destruction of chlorophyll. It has an effect on protein synthesis and mobilizing nutrients. 

Hormone discovered through tissue culture technique is cytokinin. Cytokinin was discovered by Skoog and Miller. The first cytokinin discovered was kinetin. This was isolated as a DNA degradation product. 

Apical dominance is a phenomenon in which central stem is dominant and lateral stems are suppressed. It is due to plant hormones auxin produced in the tip of the shoot. It promotes apical dominance and does not allow lateral / axillar buds to grow. Another plant hormone, cytokinin is responsible for having negative effect on the apical dominance. It promotes the growth of lateral buds.  

Cytokinin is a plant hormone which is involved in growth and development of plants. It is required for the cambial growth. Kinetin, a type of cytokinin promotes cell division. It induces formation of interfascicular cambium in plants.

Cytokinin is a plant hormone. It promotes cell division. It also delays the destruction of chlorophyll and protein. It shows delay of senescence in leaves. It is mostly produced in the root apex. Roots synthesize maximum amount of cytokinin hormone.

Cytokinin is a plant hormone which is involved in various physiological processes of plants. Zeatin is the most common type of naturally occurring cytokinin. It is found in maize. It is also found in the coconut milk. It promotes cell division.

Cytokinin is a plant hormone. It plays major role in cell proliferation and cell division. It also delays the destruction of chlorophyll and protein. During senescence, cytokinin levels are low. It delays in senescence of leaves when sprayed externally by delaying the destruction of chlorophyll and proteins in leaves

Cytokinin (CK) is a plant hormone. It promotes cell division and delays senescence in plants. It improves nutrient mobilization and thus delays leaf senescence. When applied externally, it mobilizes nutrients towards sites of application. It also promotes stomatal opening along with auxin hormone. It also breaks the dormancy of seeds and induce seed germination. 

Kinetin was first isolated from herring sperm DNA by Miller and Skoog. It is a type of naturally occurring cytokinin, a plant hormone. It promotes growth. It induces cell division or cytokinesis.

Cytokinin is a plant hormone that is synthesized in the root. It shows acropetal transport. It is exactly opposite to the basipetal transport of auxin hormone. Acropetal transport is the translocation of hormone towards the shoot apex.

Cytokinin is a plant hormone that is involved in various physiological processes. It is growth promoting hormone. It stimulates cell division or cytokinesis and hence the name was given. It is synthesized in high concentration in tissues that are dividing such as cambium.

Cytokinin is a plant hormone which acts as plant growth regulator. It is associated with retaining the chloroplast chlorophyll in the leaves. The cytokinin has anti-senescence effect on the plant. It delays the senescence of the leaves and prevents the destruction of chloroplast.

• Cytokinins(CK) are a class of plant growth hormones that promote cell division, or cytokinesis in plants roots and shoots. For example, Kinetin and benzyl-aminopurine.
• They are involved primarily in cell growth and differentiation, but also affect apical dominance, axillary bud growth, and leaf senescence.
• Hence the plant hormone promotes cell division is Cytokinin.
• So, the correct answer is 'Cytokinin'.

Phytohormone concerned in the cell division is called cytokinins. It is involved in the formation of chloroplast in leaves, new leaves formation, lateral shoot growth and adventitious shoot formation.

So, the correct option is ‘rooting
on cut stem’.

Cytokinins help overcome apical dominance. They promote nutrient mobilization which helps in the delay of leaf senescence.

So, the correct option is 'Cytokinin'.

In the presence of auxin (but not in its absence) kinetin stimulated tobacco pith parenchyma tissue to proliferate in culture. Later, zeatin was identified as the first naturally occurring cytokinin in immature maize endosperm (Letham, 1973), and turns out to be the abundant cytokinin in coconut milk.

It helps to produce new leaves, chloroplasts in leaves, lateral shoot growth and adventitious shoot formation. Cytokinins help overcome apical dominance. They promote nutrient mobilisation which helps in the delay of leaf senescence.

Cytokinins are plant growth hormones which are basic in nature, either amino purine or phenyl urea derivatives, that promote cytokinesis (= cell division) either alone or in conjunction with auxin. Kinetin, a synthetic cytokinin, is 6-furfuryl amino purine. Zeatin, a natural cytokinin, is 6-hydroxy 3-methyl trans 2-butenyl amino purine.

Fruit ripening or climacteric fruit ripening is induced by ethylene in most of the fruits, and therefore is not a function of cytokinins.

Cytokinins play a vital role in morphogenesis in plants. It opposes initiation of roots in stem cuttings treated with auxin and results in the formation of callus at the cut end. It is now well known that kinetin-auxin interaction controls the momhogenetic differentiation of shoot and root meristems.

Rooting of cut stem is induced by spraying synthetic auxins like NaphthaleneAceticAcid and not cytokinins, in plants that are vegetatively propagated by stem cuttings.

Cytokinins are the plant hormones that stimulates cell division. They are naturally synthesized by young plant parts such as root tips, fruits and seeds.

Cytokinin helps in delaying senescence in plant parts that are cut like flowers and are used to keep cut flowers fresh i.e. increases shelf life of the cut flowers.

The first cytokinin was isolated from herring sperm in 1955 by Miller and his associates . This compound was named kinetin because of its ability to promote cytokinesis. Hall and deRopp reported that kinetin could be formed from DNA degradation products in 1955. The first naturally occurring cytokinin was isolated from corn in 1961 by Miller. It was later called zeatin. 

Cytokinin are a class of plant growth substance that promote cell division or cytokinesis in plant roots and shoots. They are involved primarily in cell growth and differentiation but also affects apical dominance, axillary bud growth and leaf sensecence. Pruning of plants promote branching because the axillary buds get sensitized to cytokinin.

Cytokinins promote cell division and differentiation of young, relatively unspecialized cells into mature, more specialized cells in intact plants. They are a required ingredient in any plant tissue culture medium and must be present for cells to divide. In tissue culture, cytokinins interact with auxin during the formation of plant organs such as roots and stems. For example, in tobacco tissue culture a high ratio of auxin to cytokinin induces root formation, whereas a low ratio of auxin to cytokinin induces shoot formation.

Cytokinins stimulate cell division, even in non-meristematic cells, in presence of auxin. They are most abundant in the growing tissues which are active site of cell division, for example: root, embryos, fruits etc. Coconut water is the liquid endosperm, the actively dividing tissue which serves as nutrition source for developing coconut embryo. Coconut water is used as growth promoter of developing embryos in tissue culture studies. It stimulates the growth of cultures of embryo due to presence of cytokinins. This makes option D correct. Abscisic acid (ABA) is a growth retardation hormone which inhibits seed germination and seedling growth. This makes option C incorrect as endosperm does not have growth retardation hormone. Option A is incorrect as auxin is the hormone of cell division and cell expansion, i.e., overall growth, while endosperm carries the hormone for cell division to increase the cell number only. Option B is incorrect as gibberellins are the hormone of stem elongation in genetic dwarf plants only.

In botany, kinins were the first name given for these phytohormones. It resulted in lot of confusion. Thus, it was later changed to cytokinins to avoid confusion. It was coined by Letham in 1963.

The cytokinin hormones promote cell division and tissue growth, and depend upon the presence of auxins to determine the extent of their activity. When the ratio of cytokinins to auxins is relatively high, stem and leaf growth is stimulated. 

Zeatin is a natural cytokinin first isolated from maize. It is an adenine derivative. The name zeatin was coined by Letham. It stimulates cell division or cytokinesis in plants.

Kinetin is a type of cytokinin, a plant hormone. It is involved in cell division. Chemically it is 6-furfuryl amino-purine. It stimulates growth and development in plant.

A 6-(4-Hydroxy-3 Methyl-trans-2-butenylamine) purine is a chemical name of trans zeatin. It is a type of cytokinin, plant hormone. It was first found in Zea maize. It stimulates the cell division process in plants. It acts as plant growth regulator.

Zeatin is a type of cytokinin, a plant hormone. It stimulates cell division. It is present in coconut milk. It was first isolated from Zea maize (corn kernels). It stimulates growth in plants. 

Cytokinin is a plant hormone that promotes cell division in root apex, shoot apex and young fruits. It is also involved in apical dominance and leaf senescence. They are not found in mature fruits.

Naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) is a type of synthetic auxin, plant hormone. It is a growth regulator. It acts as rooting agent. Zeatin a type of naturally occurring cytokinin, the plant hormone. It was first discovered in Zea maize. A 2, 4-D is a type of synthetic auxin, plant hormone. It acts as weedicide. BAP (Benzylaminopurine) is a type of synthetic cytokinin, a plant hormone. It is involved in various physiological processes of plants like cell division.

Cytokinin is a plant hormone. It has the specific effect in cytokinesis in plants. It is modified form of adenine. Kinetin, zeatin, and 6-benzylaminopurine are adenine type cytokinins. It is adenine molecule that is modified by the addition of 5-carbon sidechains off the 6 position.

Morphogenesis is the process of development of shape of an organism. Cytokinins which is present at the site where rapid cell division occurs like root apices, developing shoot buds it helps in plant growth and attaining its shape. So it will help the plant to maintain its shape in tissue culture.

Cytokinin is a plant growth hormone that is basic in nature and is responsible for cell division. This results in cell elongation, growth, and development of plants, they work similar to auxins. Cytokinins are helpful in delaying and stopping the senescence of leaves thus resulting in the process of aging to stop by the mobilization of nutrients in the required part of the plant.

 Cytokinins are plant hormones that cause increased cell division by stimulating the process of mitosis. They help in the production of new leaves, formation of chloroplasts in leaves, lateral shoot growth and adventitious shoot formation. They do not have any role in root formation. So, the correct option is 'Rooting on the cut stem'.

Cytokinin helps in cytokinesis. Cytokinin induces cell division in the shoots. Cytokinin positively regulates cell cycle along with auxin.

Ageing is retarded by the CKN.