Gandhi Era and National Movement (1928-1934)

 In November 1927, the British appointed Simon commission to investigate the need for further constitutional reforms. The commission composed of seven British members of Parliament. It had no Indian members. This was seen as a violation of the principle of self- determination and a deliberate insult to the self-respect of the Indians. 

Dr. B.R. Ambedkar, who organised the dalits into the Depressed Classes Association in 1930, clashed with Mahatma Gandhi at the second Round Table Conference by demanding separate electorates for dalits.

In December 1929, under the Presidency of Jawaharlal Nehru, the Lahore Congress formalised the demand of 'Purna Swaraj' or full independence for India. It was declared that 26 January 1930 would be celebrated as the Independence Day when people were to take a pledge to struggle for complete independence.

At the historic Lahore session of 1929 under the presidentship of Jawaharlal Nehru, the Congress declared its aim for the attainment of Purna Swaraj or complete independence.

The second Round Table Conference was the result of the signing of Gandhi- Irwin Pact. The Gandhi–Irwin Pact was a political agreement signed by Mahatma Gandhi and the then Viceroy of India, Lord Irwin on 5th March 1931 before the second Round Table Conference in London.

Dr. B. R. Ambedkar, who organised the dalits into the Depressed Classes Association in 1930, clashed with Mahatma Gandhi at the second Round Table Conference by demanding separate electorates for the dalits.

Mahatma Gandhi and Dr. B.R. Ambedkar clashed at second round table conference by demanding separate electorates for Dalits. When the British government conceded to Dr. Ambedkar's demand, Gandhiji began a fast unto death.

On the historic day of 12th March 1930, Gandhi inaugurated the Civil Disobedience Movement by conducting the historic Dandi Salt March, where he broke the Salt Laws imposed by the British Government. Followed by seventy eight ashramites, Gandhi embarked on his march from his Sabarmati Ashram to Dandi that is located on the shores of the Arabian Sea.

On 6th April 1930, Gandhi with the accompaniment of seventy eight satyagrahis, violated the Salt Law by picking up a fistful of salt lying on the sea shore. They manually made salt on the shores of Dandi. 

On12th March 1930, Gandhi inaugurated The Civil Disobedience Movement by conducting the historic Dandi Salt March, where he broke the Salt Laws imposed by the British Government. Followed by seventy eight ashramites, Gandhi embarked on his march from his Sabarmati Ashram to Dandi that is located on the shores of the Arabian Sea.

On 6th April 1930, Gandhi with the accompaniment of seventy eight satyagrahis, violated the Salt Law by picking up a fistful of salt lying on the sea shore. They manually made salt on the shores of Dandi. 

Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan nicknamed Bacha Khan was a Pashtun independence activist against the rule of the British Raj. He was a political and spiritual leader known for his nonviolent opposition, and a lifelong pacifist and devout Muslim. A close friend of Mohandas Gandhi, Bacha Khan was nicknamed the "Frontier Gandhi" in British India. Bacha Khan founded the Khudai Khidmatgar ("Servants of God") movement in 1929, whose success triggered a harsh crackdown by the British Empire against him and his supporters, and they suffered some of the most severe repression of the Indian independence movement.

Women participated in protest marches, manufactured salt, and picketed foreign cloth and liquor shops. Many went to jail. Moved by Gandhiji's call, they began to see service to the nation as a sacred duty of women. Yet, this increased public role did not necessarily mean any radical change in the way the position of women was visualised. The Congress was reluctant to allow women to hold any position of authority within the organisation. It was keen only on their symbolic presence.

Dr. B. R. Ambedkar , who organised the dalits into the Depressed Classes Association in 1930, clashed with Mahatma Gandhi at the second Round Table Conference by demanding separate electorates for dalits.

Lord Irwin was the Viceroy of India during Civil Disobedience Movement. He was appointed as the 30th Viceroy and Governor General of India on April 3^rd 1926.

The Second Round Conference opened on September 7, 1931 in London. It was attended by Gandhiji as a sole representative of the Congress, according to the terms of the Gandhi-Irwin pact of 1931. 

Only second Round Table Conference was attended by Indian National Congress because of the Gandhi-Irwin pact.

 Gandhi supported this movement so as to bring unity between the Hindus and
Muslims. In India, October 17, 1919 was
observed as Khilafat Day.

On the historic day of 12th March 1930, Gandhi inaugurated The Civil Disobedience Movement by conducting the historic Dandi Salt March, where he broke the Salt Laws imposed by the British Government. Followed by seventy eight ashramites, Gandhi embarked on his march from his Sabarmati Ashram to Dandi that is located on the shores of the Arabian Sea.

On 6th April 1930, Gandhi with the accompaniment of seventy eight satyagrahis, violated the Salt Law by picking up a fistful of salt lying on the sea shore. They manually made salt on the shores of Dandi. 

On 12th March 1930, Gandhi inaugurated The Civil Disobedience Movement by conducting the historic Dandi Salt March, where he broke the Salt Laws imposed by the British Government. Followed by seventy nine ashramites, Gandhi embarked on his march from his Sabarmati Ashram to Dandi that is located on the shores of the Arabian Sea.

On 6th April 1930, Gandhi with the accompaniment of seventy nine satyagrahis, violated the Salt Law by picking up a fistful of salt lying on the sea shore. They manually made salt on the shores of Dandi. 

The Civil Disobedience Movement was relaunched in 1932 after Gandhiji returned to India after attending the Second Round Table Conference. Gandhiji came back 'empty-handed'.

On 30 October 1928, the Commission stepped in Lahore where it was met by protesters waving dark flags. The challenge was driven by Indian patriot Lala Lajpat Rai, who had moved a determination against the Commission in the Legislative Assembly of Punjab in February 1928. The protestors were lathi-charged. In one such lathi-charge by the police at Lahore, Lala Lajpatrai was wounded.

Wherever the commission went, protest rallies were organised. People strongly protested against the Commission everywhere, giving shouts of 'Simon, go back'. They were lathi-charged. In one such lathi-charge by the police at Lahore, Lala Lajpat Rai was wounded.

The Purna Swaraj declaration, or Declaration of the Independence of India, was promulgated by the Indian National Congress on 19 December 1929, resolving the Congress and Indian nationalists to fight for Purna Swaraj.

The flag of India had been hoisted by Congress President Jawaharlal Nehru on 31 December 1929. The Congress asked the people of India to observe 26 January as Independence Day. The flag of India was hoisted publicly across India by Congress volunteers, nationalists and the public.

The Purna Swaraj declaration, or Declaration of the Independence of India, was promulgated by the Indian National Congress on 19 December 1929, resolving the Congress and Indian nationalists to fight for Purna Swaraj.

The Congress asked the people of India to observe 26 January as Independence Day. January 26, 1930, was a red-letter day in the history of Indian nationalist movement as mass civil disobedience movement was launched on that day. People took a pledge to attain Poorna Swaraj or complete independence. 

In a lathi-charge by the police at Lahore, Lala Lajpat Rai was wounded. some days thereafter, he succumbed to the injuries.

Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan is the person who led Civil Disobedience Movement in North-West frontier province.  He was the most loyal follower of Gandhi and was called Frontier Gandhi. He began a satyagraha at Peshawar on 23 April 1930.

The civil disobedience movement came to end because of the Gandhi-Irwin pact. It was signed by Mahatma Gandhi and the then Viceroy of India, Lord Irwin on 5 March 1931. 

Following were the provisions of the Gandhi-Irwin pact:

•  Stopping of the civil disobedience movement by the Indian National Congress.
  
•  Participation of Indian National Congress in the Round Table Conference.
  
•  Withdrawal of all laws issued by the British Government forcing checks on the exercises of the Indian National Congress.
  
•  The release of prisoners arrested during civil disobedience movement.
  
• Removal of salt tax.
  

Wherever the Commission went it was greeted with hartals and black flag demonstrations under the slogan 'Simon Go Back'.

Salt was a daily necessity and it was freely available in nature. It was, therefore, unjust to impose a tax on it. The salt satyagraha was symbolic. In a broader sense, the salt satyagraha signified the breaking of all the oppressive and unjust laws of the British government in a peaceful way. 

During the Quit India Movement in 1942, one of the main agenda was to break the salt law throughout the country. As a result, several leaders at several places took out to salt satygraha. Sarojini Naidu led the salt satyagraha at Dharsana works when all the prominent leaders got arrested. Madam Cama was a social revolutionary. Lakshmi Bai died way back during the revolt of 1857. Kasturba Gnadhi, wife of Mahatma Gandhi, was not a part of the Dharsana salt works.

Lord Irwin was the Viceroy of India when the Civil Disobedience Movement was launched in 1930.

After the failure of the Second Round Table Conference, Gandhi returned to India and relaunched the Civil Disobedience Movement in 1932.

The first Round Table Conference convened by Labour Government Prime Minister Ramsay McDonald from 12 November 1930 to 19 January 1931 in London. While the Congress and most business leaders boycotted it, the Muslim League, the Hindu Mahasabha, the Liberals, and princes attended it. The outcomes of the first Round Table Conference were minimal and the British Government realized that the Indian National Congress needed to be part of deciding the future of constitutional government in India.

The Purna Swaraj declaration (or complete self-rule independent of the British Empire) was promulgated by the Indian National Congress on 19 December 1929 in its Lahore session. 26th January 1930 was declared as Purna Swaraj Diwas. At this session, it was decided that Round Table Conference was to be boycotted and Civil Disobedience was to be launched.

The Purna Swaraj declaration (or complete self-rule independent of the British Empire) was promulgated by the Indian National Congress in 1929 in its Lahore session. 26th January 1930 was unofficially celebrated as the Independence day.  The flag of India was hoisted publicly across India by Congress volunteers, nationalists and the public.

The Simon Commission's visit and the subsequent political climate led to the demand for constitutional safeguards, which were later incorporated into the Indian Constitution.

The first Round Table Conference convened by Labour Government Prime Minister Ramsay McDonald in 1930 in London. While the Congress and most business leaders boycotted it, the Muslim League, the Hindu Mahasabha, the Liberals, and princes attended it. The outcomes of the first Round Table Conference were minimal and the British Government realized that the Indian National Congress needed to be part of deciding the future of constitutional government in India.

The first Round Table Conference convened by Labour Government Prime Minister Ramsay McDonald from 12 November 1930 to 19 January 1931 in London. While the Congress and most business leaders boycotted it, the Muslim League, the Hindu Mahasabha, the Liberals, and princes attended it. Prior to the Conference, M. K. Gandhi had initiated the Civil Disobedience Movement on behalf of the Indian National Congress and did not attend the conference.

Gandhi inaugurated the Civil Disobedience Movement by conducting the historic Dandi Salt March starting from Sabarmati Ashram to Dandi where he went on to break the Salt Law imposed by the British Government. Along with this activity, activities like no tax campaign, no revenue, and no rent (land tax) campaign became very popular in different parts of India. The movement was very tense in Bengal and the north-west.

The first Round Table Conference convened by Labour Government Prime Minister Ramsay McDonald from 12 November 1930 to 19 January 1931 in London. The Round Table Conference officially inaugurated by His Majesty George V on November 12, 1930, in Royal Gallery House of Lords at London. While the Congress and most business leaders boycotted it, the Muslim League, the Hindu Mahasabha, the Liberals, and princes attended it. The outcomes of the first Round Table Conference were minimal and the British Government realized that the Indian National Congress needed to be part of deciding the future of constitutional government in India.

Simon Commission was a group appointed in November 1927 by the British Conservative government to report on the working of the Indian constitution established by the Government of India Act of 1919. It was highly protested as it did not include a single Indian as its member. The Viceroy at the time was Lord Irwin.

Simon Commission was a group appointed in November 1927 by the British Conservative government to report on the working of the Indian constitution established by the Government of India Act of 1919. It had 7 members and was under the chairmanship of Sir John Simon. It was highly protested as it did not include a single Indian as its member.

The second RTC (September–December 1931) was attended by Mahatma Gandhi as the Congress representative. It failed to reach an agreement, either constitutionally or on communal representation. The session got deadlocked on the question of the minorities. All minorities came together in a “Minorities’ Pact”. Gandhi fought desperately against this concerted move to make all constitutional progress conditional on the solving of this issue.

Gandhi inaugurated the Civil Disobedience Movement by conducting the historic Dandi Salt March starting from Sabarmati Ashram in 1930.  On the morning of April 6, Gandhi and his followers picked up handfuls of salt along the shore, thus technically producing salt and breaking the law.

The second session (September–December 1931) was attended by Mahatma Gandhi as the Congress representative. It failed to reach an agreement, either constitutionally or on communal representation. The Government failed to concede the basic Indian demand of freedom and Gandhi returned to India on December 28, 1931, and decided to resume the civil disobedience movement.

The Civil Disobedience Movement was suspended, when Mahatma Gandi withdrew mass satyagraha on July 14th, 1933. He decided to focus on constructive work after the failure of the Civil Disobedience movement. The programme of constructive activities included khadi work, temple entry agitation, Communal Unity, Removal of Untouchability, etc.

The Purna Swaraj declaration (or complete self-rule independent of the British Empire) was promulgated by the Indian National Congress on 19 December 1929 in its Lahore session under the presidentship of Jawaharlal Nehru. 26th January 1930 was declared as Purna Swaraj Diwas. Purna Swaraj was complete freedom from the British Raj.

Gandhi inaugurated Civil Disobedience Movement by conducting the historic Dandi Salt March starting from Sabarmati Ashram on 12th March 1930.  On the morning of April 6, Gandhi and his followers picked up handfuls of salt along the shore, thus technically producing salt and breaking the law.

Gandhi inaugurated the Civil Disobedience Movement by conducting the historic Dandi Salt March starting from Sabarmati Ashram from where he went on to break the Salt Laws imposed by the British Government. Along with this activity, activities like no tax campaign, no revenue, and no rent (land tax) campaign became very popular in different parts of India. The movement was very intense in Bengal and the north-west.

The following reasons made Gandhiji and Congress agreed relaunch Civil Disobedience Movement:
1. After the failure of the 2nd round table conference, Congress discovered that the government had began a new cycle of repression.
2. Series of measures had been imposed to prevent meetings and boycotts.

In 1933, Gandhi undertook a 21-day fast primarily for self-purification and to strengthen the commitment to the cause of Harijan welfare.

Gandhi resigned from the Congress in 1934 to focus his efforts on constructive programs and the welfare of the Harijans, moving away from active political agitation.

The second RTC (September–December 1931) was attended by Mahatma Gandhi as the Congress representative. It failed to reach agreement, either constitutionally or on communal representation. The session got deadlocked on the question of the minorities. All minoritites came together in a “Minorities’ Pact”. Gandhi fought desperately against this concerted move to make all constitutional progress conditional on the solving of this issue.

Satyagraha, as advocated by Gandhi, is fundamentally based on non-violence (Ahimsa). Therefore, violence is explicitly excluded as a technique.

Gandhi inaugurated The Civil Disobedience Movement by conducting the historic Dandi Salt March starting from Sabarmati Ashram on 12th March 1930.  On the morning of April 6, Gandhi and his followers picked up handfuls of salt along the shore, thus technically producing salt and breaking the law.

Gandhi inaugurated The Civil Disobedience Movement by conducting the historic Dandi Salt March starting from Sabarmati Ashram with 78 volunteers on 12th March 1930.  On the morning of April 6, Gandhi and his followers picked up handfuls of salt along the shore, thus technically producing salt and breaking the law.

Dr. B.R. Ambedkar is the prominent Indian leader who attended all three Round Table Conferences held in London between 1930 and 1932.

The Salt Satyagraha was specifically launched to protest and defy the British salt laws, which imposed a tax on salt, a basic necessity for the common people.

The Congress leadership, particularly Gandhi, demanded a clear commitment to Poorna Swaraj (complete independence) as a prerequisite for negotiations. The British government's refusal to provide such an assurance led to the Congress boycotting the First Round Table Conference.

The Indian National Congress, led by M. K. Gandhi, boycotted the First Round Table Conference held in 1930. Other prominent leaders like Sapru and Ambedkar attended to represent various interests.

Lord Irwin served as the Viceroy and Governor-General of India from 1926 to 1931. He was the British representative during the launch of the Civil Disobedience Movement and the subsequent Gandhi-Irwin Pact.

The Lahore session in December 1929 passed the Poorna Swaraj resolution. Subsequently, the Congress Working Committee declared January 26, 1930, as the day to be celebrated as Independence Day (Poorna Swarajya Day).

Simon commission came to India to suggest changes in constitution. (option D)

Dr. B.R. Ambedkar established the Depressed Classes Association in August 1930 to uplift the condition of down trodden classes. Gandhiji began the Civil Disobedience movement in March 1930 with salt satyagrah to abolish taxes imposed on salt and ended in March 1931 with Gandhi-Irwin pact. In December 1929, Lahore congress adopted  the 'Purna Swaraj' resolution as its main motto.

Gandhi met the Viceroy, Lord Irwin and signed an agreement known as the Gandhi-Irwin Pact in March 1931. The government agreed to :

• The Indian Statutory Commission, popularly known as the Simon Commission was a group of seven British Members of Parliament of United Kingdom that had been dispatched to India in 1928 to study the constitutional reform and recommend to the Government. One of its members was Clement Attlee, who subsequently became the British Prime Minister and eventually oversaw the granting of independence to India and Pakistan in 1947.

Being producers of commercial crops, they were hard hit by the trade depression and falling prices. As their cash income disappeared, they found it impossible to pay the government's revenue demand. And the refusal of the government to reduce the revenue demand led to widespread resentment.

They wanted protection against imports of foreign goods, & a rupee-sterling foreign exchange ratio that would discourage imports. To organise business interests, they formed the Indian Industrial and Commercial Congress in 1920 & the Federation of the Indian Chamber of Commerce & Industries (FICCI) in 1927.

In 1930, thousands of workers in Chotanagpur tin mines wore Gandhi caps & participated in protest rallies & boycott campaigns.

• Dandi March was carried in the year 1930 against salt tax.
  
• Khilafat movement was supported by Gandhi and started in 1919 and continued till 1924. This was mainly to support the Caliph/khalifa of Turkey who was deprived of all the authority.
  
• Simon commission came to India in 1928. There were no Indian representatives in it and hence Indians boycotted it.
  
• Purna Swaraj resolution was adopted in the Congress session of January 1930 which meant complete independence and it became the goal.
  

The Congress which was unhappy with the report of the Simon Commission so, congress boycotted the 1st round table conference. while other political parties participated in 1st Round table conference. 

Following are corrected statements :- 
1) Gandhi-Irwin pact was signed on 5th March 1931 which happened after 1st Round Table conference. 
2) Muslim league participated in all three round table conferences.
3) Congress boycotted 3rd Round Table conference.   

Dr. Ambedkar who organised the Depressed Classes Association in 1930, clashed with Mahatma Gandhi at the seond Round Table Conference by demanding separate electorates for dalits.

The Gandhi–Irwin Pact was a political agreement signed by Mahatma Gandhi and the then Viceroy of India, Lord Irwin on 5 March 1931 before the Second Round Table Conference in London.

The following were the proposed conditions:

• Stopping of the civil disobedience movement by the Indian National Congress.
  
• Participation of Indian National Congress in the Second Round Table Conference. 
  
• Withdrawal of all laws issued by the British Government forcing checks on the exercises of the Indian National Congress.
  
• A release of prisoners arrested during Civil Disobedience Movement.
  
• Permit the free collection or manufacture of salt by persons near the seacoast.
  

On the historic day of 12th March 1930, Gandhi inaugurated The Civil Disobedience Movement by conducting the historic Dandi Salt March, where he broke the Salt Laws imposed by the British Government. Followed by seventy nine ashramites, Gandhi embarked on his march from his Sabarmati Ashram to Dandi that is located on the shores of the Arabian Sea.

On 6th April 1930, Gandhi with the accompaniment of seventy nine satyagrahis, violated the Salt Law by picking up a fistful of salt lying on the sea shore. They manually made salt on the shores of Dandi. 

On the historic day of 12th March 1930, Gandhi inaugurated the Civil Disobedience Movement by conducting the historic Dandi Salt March, where he broke the Salt Laws imposed by the British Government. Followed by 78 ashramites, Gandhi embarked on his march from his Sabarmati Ashram to Dandi that is located on the shores of the Arabian Sea.

On 6th April 1930, Gandhi violated the Salt Law by picking up a fistful of salt lying on the sea shore. They manually made salt on the shores of Dandi. 

On 12th March 1930, Gandhi inaugurated The Civil Disobedience Movement by conducting the historic Dandi Salt March, where he broke the Salt Laws imposed by the British Government. Gandhiji was to suspend the civil disobedience movement after a pact was signed between Gandhi and Irwin in March 1931. The Congress passed a resolution for the renewal of the Civil Disobedience Movement. Gandhiji was arrested. Congress leaders were arrested. Communalism was fanned. Gradually, the Civil Disobedience Movement lost its force. Congress called it off in 1934.

A commission was set up in 1927  to look after the working of the govt. of India Act,
1919 and give its report. The commission  consisted only of Englishmen,
without a single Indian representative.  The commission arrived in India on February 3, 1928. There were hartals throughout the country & meetings were held condemning the appointment of the Commission.

Ambedkar established the Depressed Classes Association in August 1930. Gandhiji began the Civil Disobedience movement in March 1930 and ended in March 1931. In December 1929, at Lahore Congress adopts the resolution for 'Purna Swaraj.'

Dr B.R. Ambedkar, who organised the dalits into the Depressed Classes Association in 1930, clashed with Mahatma Gandhi at the second Round Table Conference by demanding separate electorates for dalits.

On 12th March 1930, Mahatma Gandhi inaugurated the Civil Disobedience Movement by conducting the historic Dandi Salt March, where he broke the Salt Laws imposed by the British Government. Followed by 79 ashramites, Gandhiji embarked on his march from his Sabarmati Ashram to Dandi that is located on the shores of the Arabian Sea.

In 1928, Simon commission came to India to look after the working of the govt. of India Act, 1919 and to suggest changes. But it consisted only of Englishmen, & did not have a single Indian representative. 

In the last session of Congress that was presided over by Jawaharlal Nehru which was held in Lahore, the Congress working committee met on January 2, 1930 and on that day it was decided that January 26, 1930 should be observed as 'Poorna Swarajya Day'.

Dr. B.R. Ambedkar fought for the upliftment of down trodden classes who faced discrimination from olden times. He always strived for the betterment of lower castes and he was the only person who attended all the three round table conferences.

The Second Round Table Conference was held on 7th September 1931.

Vaikom is a town situated in the Kottayam district in the state of Kerala, India. It is known for Vaikom satyagraha during the independence movement. Vaikom satyagraha was a civil rights movement against the practice of untouchability in the Indian society and aimed at securing freedom of movement for all sections of society.

Salt March was a major nonviolent protest action in India led by Mahatma Gandhi in March–April 1930. While Gandhi marched along India's west coast, C. Rajagopalachari organized the Vedaranyam salt march in parallel on the east coast. He was arrested shortly after making illegal salt.

The Purna Swaraj declaration (or complete self-rule independent of the British Empire) was promulgated by the Indian National Congress in 1929 in its Lahore session. 26th January 1930 was unofficial to be celebrated as the Independence Day. The flag of India was hoisted by Jawaharlal Nehru on the banks of Ravi at Lahore.

The Purna Swaraj declaration (or complete self-rule independent of the British Empire) was promulgated by the Indian National Congress on 19 December 1929 in its Lahore session. 26th January 1930 was declared as Purna Swaraj Diwas. At this session, it was decided that Round Table Conference was to be boycotted and Civil Disobedience was to be launched.

In 1933, facing severe repression, the Civil Disobedience movement was suspended as a mass movement. Gandhi then encouraged individuals to offer Satyagraha to keep the spirit of the movement alive.

Gandhi inaugurated The Civil Disobedience Movement by conducting the historic Dandi Salt March starting from Sabarmati Ashram on 12th March 1930.  On the morning of April 6, Gandhi and his followers picked up handfuls of salt along the shore, thus technically producing salt and breaking the law. Vishnu Digambar Paluskar, an Hindustani musician sang the bhajan Raghupati Raghava Raja Ram during the historic march.

The Nehru Report (1928) advocated for Dominion Status, a federal structure for India, and rejected separate communal electorates. It did not oppose the establishment of a Supreme Court; in fact, it proposed one.

The Gandhi-Irwin Pact, also known as the Delhi Pact, was signed on March 5, 1931, between Mahatma Gandhi and Lord Irwin, marking the end of the Civil Disobedience Movement.

Gandhi inaugurated the Civil Disobedience Movement by conducting the historic Dandi Salt March starting from Sabarmati Ashram from where he went on to break the Salt Laws imposed by the British Government. Along with this activity, activities like no tax campaign, no revenue and no rent (land tax) campaign became very popular in different parts of India. In 1930 in NWFP, Ghaffar Khan began mobilizing to support the INC civil disobedience campaign with public demonstrations, pickets, etc.

The Nehru Report advocated for responsible government and provincial autonomy, but it did not propose the introduction of Diarchy at the center. Diarchy was a feature of the 1919 Act that the report sought to replace.

Ramsay MacDonald, the British Prime Minister, presided over the First Round Table Conference in London in 1930.

There was a lack of Participation of industrial workers in the Civil Disobedience Movement because Industrialists were closer to the Congress and so the workers stayed aloof.

A: Simon Commission Report (June 7, 1930); B: First Round Table Conference (Nov 12, 1930); C: Gandhi-Irwin Pact (March 5, 1931); D: Execution of Bhagat Singh (March 23, 1931). This matches A-4, B-3, C-2, D-1.