India and the world - class-IX

The five principles of peace known as the Panchsheel Treaty Non-interference in others internal affairs and respect for each other's territorial unity, integrity, and sovereignty. Panchsheel is a set of principles to govern relations between states. The principles were emphasized by the Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru at Ministers conference in Colombo, Sri Lanka.

India is a country with unbounded faith in peace. India played a great role in setting many world disputes and thereby maintained peace and security. India has time and again declared her determination to pursue the path of peace and take effective action for the promotion of international peace, security, and cooperation.

Panchsheel, or the Five Principles of Peaceful Co-existence, were first formally enunciated in the Agreement on Trade and Intercourse between the Tibet region of China and India signed on April 29, 1954.

The UN charter was signed at the San Francisco conference held on 26 June 1945. It was the foundation treaty of UN and came into force on 24 October 1945. 

The UN Secretary General is the Chief Administrative Officer of the United Nations, headquartered in New York.

In 1985, the United Nations adopted the UN guidelines to ensure Consumer Protection so that they have their sacred laws and their rights are taken good care.

The name 'United Nations', coined by US president Franklin D. Roosevelt was first used in a Declaration by the UN in 1942.

The United Nation Organization differs from the League of Nations in the way that United states is  not a part of International treaty but League of Nations was a part.

The United Nations is an international association, aims at making laws and rules for countries, established in 1945, headquartered at New York.

Mussolini violated the rules of League of Nation by his successful aggression against France. League of Nation made it mandatory that no country can do aggression on another country.

The main architect of the League of Nations was Woodrow Wilson. The  League of Nations was established on 10 January 1920, headquartered in Geneva, Switzerland.

On 26 June 1945, Sir Arcot Ramaswamy Mudaliar signed the UN Charter on behalf of India during the United Nations Conference on International Organization held in San Francisco, U.S.

The Korean War began when some 75,000 soldiers from the North Korean People’s Army poured across the 38th parallel, the boundary between the Soviet-backed Democratic People’s Republic of Korea to the north and the pro-Western Republic of Korea to the south. This invasion was the first military action of the Cold War.

The realization of the potential for total destruction led to the understanding that human culture and civilization were at stake.

The League of Nations was established in 1920 following the Paris Peace Conference that ended the First World War.

Following World War II, the world entered the Cold War era, which was defined by the bipolar struggle between the United States (capitalist bloc) and the Soviet Union (communist bloc).

Estimates for total deaths in WWI range from 15-22 million, and WWII range from 70-85 million. 100 million is the most accurate approximation among the provided choices.

The primary motivation for the UN's formation was to prevent a third world war, given the catastrophic nature of the first two.

The post-WWII world was characterized by a bipolar division between the Western Bloc (led by the USA) and the Eastern Bloc (led by the USSR).

The League of Nations was created after WWI with the primary goal of maintaining world peace and preventing future global conflicts.

The United States was the leader of the capitalist bloc, while the Soviet Union (USSR) was the leader of the socialist/communist bloc.

The UN was established due to the failure of the League of Nations to stop the Second World War, the desire to prevent a third, and the general devastation caused by the previous world wars.

The United Nations Charter was signed in June 1945 and came into force on October 24, 1945, which is celebrated as United Nations Day.

United Nations Day is observed annually on October 24, which marks the anniversary of the entry into force of the UN Charter in 1945.

The UN Security Council is one of the principal organs of the United Nations, and its headquarters are located at the UN Headquarters in New York City.

The UN General Assembly is the main deliberative, policymaking, and representative organ of the UN, headquartered in New York City.

This statement is a direct quote from Article 1, paragraph 4 of the Charter of the United Nations, which outlines the purposes of the organization.

The options listed (A, B, and C) are all core principles or derived obligations found within the UN Charter. Since all listed items are indeed principles or related mandates, 'None' is the correct choice.

India has been a member of the United Nations since October 30, 1945, making it one of the original signatories.

The permanent headquarters of the United Nations is located in New York City, USA.

Article 2(3) of the UN Charter states that all members shall settle their international disputes by peaceful means in such a manner that international peace and security are not endangered.

Article 1 of the UN Charter explicitly sets out the purposes of the United Nations, including maintaining international peace and security.

All the listed options are recognized principles of the UN Charter, including sovereign equality (Article 2.1), good faith (Article 2.2), and assistance in UN actions (Article 2.5).

The description provided matches the official flag of the United Nations, which features the UN emblem on a light blue background.

The Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC) is one of the six principal organs of the UN, and its primary meetings are held at the UN headquarters in New York.

The United Nations is funded by assessed and voluntary contributions from its member states, based on a scale of assessments.

The Secretariat, which carries out the day-to-day work of the UN, is headquartered at the UN Headquarters in New York City.

The International Court of Justice (ICJ) is the only principal organ of the United Nations located outside of New York; it is based at the Peace Palace in The Hague, Netherlands.

Beginning of cold war was thought provoking. It was a war between communism against capitalism and democracy. America was leading in capitalism and democracy.The world was divided in America and Russia and competition of power became extreme.

Unexpectedly the history of the world changed in the year of 1989. The wall of Berlin which divided East and West Germany was demolished and East and West Germany became one.Warsaw treaty and communist power of East Europe ended.

Beginning of cold war was thought provoking. It was a war between communism against capitalism and democracy. Russia was leading in communism.The world was divided in America and Russia and competition of power became extreme.

Many of the countries unwillingly participated in the group of super powers because of the political and economical pressure. But Indias prime minister Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru, Yugoslavakia president Marshal Tito and Egypts president General Gamal Abdul Nasser dared not to mix in any group.These prime countries started Non Aligned movement.

International understanding and co-operation is supported by Independent India. It always supported this policy. In Non Aligned movement Pandit Jawaharlal Nehrus contribution was a remarkable one.

If
we consider the basic reasons of the failure of the League of Nations,
we find in it the selfish, strong and contrary to each other policies of
the members nations and not in the basic idea of forming the League of
Nations. Other than this:
The lack of faith in International co-operation.
Lack of coordination between principal nations.
Rejection of membership by America.

If
we consider the basic reasons of the failure of the League of Nations,
we find in it the selfish, strong and contrary to each other policies of
the members nations and not in the basic idea of forming the League of
Nations. Other than this:
The lack of faith in International co-operation.
Lack of coordination between principal nations.
Rejection of membership by America.

The primary function of the League was to prevent the outbreak of war by setting international quarrels and solving the disputes between States which might result in a war between them. During the first ten years of its existence, the League had several achievements to its credit. It settled several international disputes between States and nations and thus prevented the outbreak of war between them. During its twenty years of existence, the League settled thirteen political disputes.

Even though the League of Nations was much of the work of President Woodrow Wilson, United States never joined the League of Nations. This was because Republican Senators opposed the joining in the Senate.

The league of Nation had two main aims. First, collective security, the members of the league will act together if one state attacked another. Second, to encourage international cooperation in the economic and social sector. Many challenges occurred during this period and in almost all cases League of Nation failed to deliver. Such as the invasion of Abyssinia by Italy in 1935: Only halfhearted sanctions were imposed that too were abandoned after few weeks.

The League of Nations aimed at preventing wars forever, maintaining world peace and promoting the feeling of security and co-operation amongst its members. It also shouldered the responsibility of implementing the Treaty of Versailles In order to attain these aims the League of Nations made attempts to prevent the race of armaments.

The League of Nations failed to prevent aggression, notably failing to stop Japan's invasion of Manchuria (1931) and Italy's invasion of Abyssinia (1935).

The UN's objectives have expanded over time to include disarmament, decolonization, and development, alongside its original goal of maintaining peace.

The United Nations flag was officially adopted on October 20, 1947.

The purposes of the UN, as defined in Article 1 of the Charter, include maintaining peace, developing friendly relations, and achieving international cooperation.

The United Nations Charter was drafted and signed at the United Nations Conference on International Organization, commonly known as the San Francisco Conference, in 1945.

The United Nations has six official languages: Arabic, Chinese, English, French, Russian, and Spanish.

According to the UN Charter, admission of new members is effected by a decision of the General Assembly upon the recommendation of the Security Council, requiring a two-thirds majority of those present and voting.

The United Nations currently has 193 member states. This number has remained constant since South Sudan joined in 2011.

Franklin D. Roosevelt is credited with coining the term United Nations to describe the Allied countries during World War II. It was first used in the 1942 Declaration by United Nations.

The six official languages of the UN are Arabic, Chinese, English, French, Russian, and Spanish. Hindi is not an official language of the United Nations.

South Sudan became the 193rd member state of the United Nations on July 14, 2011. It remains the most recent country to be admitted.

The United Nations Organisation is a multipurpose organization aims at international peace and security, established on 24 October 1945. It is headquartered in New York, U.S.

The United Nations established in 1945 gives the Security Council the primary responsibility for the maintenance of international peace and security. It is headquartered in New York, U.S.

The League of Nations was established after World War I to maintain world peace. It ultimately failed to prevent the outbreak of World War II, as it lacked the authority and military power to enforce its decisions.

Headquarters of League of Nations was established at Palais Wilson in Geneva, Switzerland in 1920.

United Nations Peace Keeping Forces was awarded with the Nobel Peace Prize in 1988 for its efforts towards establishing a peaceful world.

League of Nations could not prevent the attacks of aggression by Germany, Japan, and Italy. It showed its weakness and became later one of the reasons for its failure.

Japan resigned from the League of Nations Assembly in 1933 following the League's opposition to the Japanese invasion of Manchuria.

True.

In 1954, Nehru signed with China the Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence, known in India as the Panchsheel, a set of principles to govern relations between the two states. 

UNICEF stands for United Nations International Children's Fund. It is headquartered in New York City. UNICEF works to ensure safety and development to children in developing countries.

The International Labour Organization.

World Health Organization or WHO is a public health-related body of UN, based in Geneva, Switzerland. Founded in 1948, it aims to improve the health of people around the globe and strive to eradicate all types of diseases from the world.

Human Development Index or HDI assesses the development of a country on the basis of human life-based parameters, such as lifespan, health conditions, education and literacy, the standard of living, etc. United Nations Development Program or UNDP prepares the HDI for the member nations of UN.

UNESCO is the acronym for United Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural Organisation. It is a UN agency that works to promote peace and security through international collaboration between countries by education, scientific and cultural reforms. UNESCO is based in Paris.

World Health Organization.

UNICEF stands for United Nations International Children's Fund. It is headquartered in New York City. UNICEF works to ensure safety and development of children in developing countries.

The barter system is a method of exchange where participants directly trade goods or services for other goods or services. This system functions without the use of a medium of exchange, such as money.

The MNCs have penetrated to the developing and under-developed countries as a result of globalization.

The General Assembly is the main deliberative, policymaking, and representative organ of the UN. It functions similarly to a legislature, where all member states discuss and vote on international issues.

In the UN General Assembly, the principle of sovereign equality applies. Therefore, every member state, regardless of its size, population, or economic power, is entitled to one vote.

The organs of the United Nations are established as separate entities to manage different aspects of international cooperation. Each organ has distinct functions defined by the UN Charter to ensure specialized handling of global issues.

The Security Council has 15 members, including five permanent members: China, France, the Russian Federation, the United Kingdom and the United States of America. The other 10 are elected by the General Assembly on the basis of geographical representation for two-year terms. So Japan is not a permanent member of UN Security Council.

Belgium, Dominician Republic, Indonesia, Germany and South Africa have begun to assume responsibility as non-permanent members of UN security council. India is not included in the list.

The International Court of Justice (ICJ) is the UN’s main judicial organ. Presiding over the ICJ, or “World Court”, are 15 judges, each from a different nation, elected by the General Assembly and Security Council. The Court settles legal disputes between nations only and not between individuals, in accordance with international law. If a country does not wish to take part in a proceeding it does not have to do so, unless required by special treaty provisions. Once a country accepts the Court's jurisdiction, it must comply with its decision.

The World Bank gives loans to different countries for capital projects. The UN is not only responsible for maintaining international law but also responsible for keeping international peace and security. So only statements (a) and (c) are correct.

The General Assembly is the main deliberative organ of the United Nations and includes all its Members. It may discuss any matter arising under the UN Charter and make recommendations to UN Members (except on disputes or situations which are being considered by the Security Council). In the Assembly, each nation, large or small, has one vote and important decisions are taken by a two-thirds majority vote.

ILO or International Labour Organization has its headquarters in Geneva, Switzerland and strives to promote decent work standards for workers across the globe. The International Court of Justice (ICJ) is the main judicial body of the United Nations (UN) and has its court at the Peace Palace at the Hague in the Netherlands. United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) is based out of Paris and World Health Organization (WHO) has its headquarters in Geneva.

Five permanent members of United Nation's Security Council are USA, Russia, Britain, France and China.

After the First World War, the League of Nations was established to maintain peace in the world and to prevent wars. But it proved weak and failed to achieve its objectives. 

Specialised agencies are autonomous organisations working with the United Nations and each other through the coordinating machinery of the United Nations Economic and Social Council at the intergovernmental level. Following are the list of specialised agencies:

1. Food and Agriculture Organization 
2. International Civil Aviation Organization
3. International Fund for Agricultural Development
4. International Labour Organization
5. International Maritime Organization
6. International Monetary Fund
7. The International Telecommunication Union
8. United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization
9. United Nations Industrial Development Organization
10. The Universal Postal Union
11. World Bank Group
12. World Health Organization