Fuel and conservation - class-VI

Gaseous fuels can be easily transported through pipeline and they leave no residue after burning.

For combustion, fuel, oxygen/air and a temperature more than ignition temperature of the fuel is required.

Greenhouse gases are produced by the burning of all fossil fuels that cause air pollution, acid rains and increases the temperature of the globe.

The Petroleum Conservation Research Association is an Indian organization that promotes energy efficiency.

Fossil fuels are non-renewable or exhaustible natural resources.

All the fuels store the energy in form of chemical energy except nuclear fuels. Nuclear fuels stores their energy in the form of nuclear energy. So fuel is defined as a matter which stores its energy in the form of potential energy and it can be released to do work.

Natural resources which are present in a limited amount in nature are called as non-renewable sources. They are prepared by natural processes in long duration of time and have limited supply. Hence, they are non-renewable.

Non-renewable source of energy. It is energy that will run out or will not be replenished in our timelines. Example: Coal, petroleum, natural gas.

Renewable source of energy:- It is energy that is collected from naturally replenished on a human time scale. Example: Sunlight, wind, rain, waves, heat. So answer is Solar energy.

Naphthalene balls are the product of coal tar. Coal tar is obtained form coal.

Petrochemicals are the products of petroleum by which different types of fibres like nylon, polyester and acrylic all are prepared. 

Fossil fuels are the dead remains of the living organism which get buried in the earth thousands of years ago.

Exhaustible natural resources are those which are present in limited amount in nature. Coal is the natural resource obtain from nature but present in limited quantity. 

Natural gas which is obtained from petroleum produces hydrogen gas. Hydrogen gas is used as fertilizer in the fields.

Coal is the limited natural resources which is limited in amount. Coal on further distillation produces coal tar, coke and petroleum product.

Coal tar is a distillation product of coal which is a limited natural resource. Coal tar is a black coloured product of coal with an unpleasant smell.

Petrochemicals are the products of petroleum and natural gases. Like liquefied petroleum gas used as domestic fuel in the house hold. 

Worldwide, use of paper has risen by 400% in the last 40 years. This increased usage takes a huge toll on trees. Rapid deforestation – much of it to produce paper products – is a huge concern for our environment. Trees play a critical role in absorbing $CO _2$ from our atmosphere and producing oxygen to support life on our planet. 

Natural gas is a naturally occurring gas mixture consisting primarily of methane, but including higher alkanes and sometimes a small percentage of $CO _2,N _2,H _2S$ or helium.

B, Population is the primary reasons for finishing resources fastly.  As population has increased, the demand of these resources have also increased.

Both unlimited consumption and wastage of natural resources contribute to their depletion. Therefore, both factors are responsible.

To overcome the energy crises more amount of renewable sources of energy must be used because renewable sources of energy can be used again and again and solar energy is a renewable source of energy.

A natural fuel such as coal or gas, formed in the geological past from the remains of living organisms is called fossil fuel gas, thus natural gas and goal gas is fossil fuel.

Products obtained from fossil fuels are

Coal and petroleum are fossil fuels. Tar is not a fossil fuel. 

Sedimentary rocks are made up of grains of sediment that have been weathered from a pre-existing rock or mineral. The grains can be big or small, they are often rounded, and are cemented together in a matrix. Sedimentary rocks may be layered and may also contain fossils.

Fossil fuel is a fuel formed by natural processes, such as anaerobic decomposition of buried dead organisms, containing energy originating in ancient photosynthesis. 

Coal gas, coke and producer gas are the byproducts of coal and are not fossil fuels, except natural gas which is a fossil fuel. 

LPG is a fossil fuel which contains low carbon. It is a fossil fuel that does not occur during isolation. LPG is found naturally in combination with other hydrocarbons, crude oil, and natural gas. LPG is produced during natural gas processing and oil refining process.

Coal and Natural gas are also the fossil fuels and are obtained from earth crust.

Biogas is a mixture of methane ,carbon dioxide ,hydrogen and hydrogen sulphide. it is produced by anaerobic degradation of animal waste such as cow dunk in presence of water.

Hence options C  is correct.

Some natural resources such as coal and petroleum are limited as they are non-renewable resources.

An inexhaustible resource is one that is replaceable, while an exhaustible resource is not replaceable, hence wind, sunlight and water are inexhaustible resources while other are exhaustible resources.

Petroleum Conservation Research Association advises people on how to save petrol/diesel while driving.

Water is inexhaustible natural resource .i.e. it is never going to deplete but it has a very high demand because the large percentage of water which is present on the Earth surface is not suitable for drinking. The suitable form is in the frozen form (ice, snow, glaciers etc). Its conversion to drinking water is non-economical and hence is not favoured.

A natural resource is anything that people can use which comes from nature. People do not make natural resources, but gather them from the earth. A non-renewable resource is a resource that does not grow and come back or a resource that would take a very long time to come back. For example, coal is a non-renewable resource. 

Non-renewable resources form extremely slowly or do not naturally form in the environment. Of the non-renewable resources, metallic minerals can be reused by recycling, but coal and petroleum cannot be recycled.

In India, the Petroleum Conservation Research Association(PCRA) advises people how to save petrol/diesel while driving. 

A non-renewable resource does not renew itself at a sufficient rate for sustainable economic extraction in meaningful human time-frames. Earth minerals, metal ores, fossil fuels and groundwater in certain aquifers are all non-renewable resources.
In contrast, resources such as timber and wind (used to power energy conversion systems) are considered renewable resources.

Energy crisis is any significant bottleneck in supply of energy resources to an economy. It occurs generally by-

A renewable resource is any natural resource that replaces itself given enough time. The rate of replenishment must be equal to or faster than the rate of usage. As water continuously evaporates from the Earth's surface, it collects in the atmosphere to later come back to the Earth as rain. On the Earth itself surface water replenishes groundwater, and groundwater replaces surface water. With careful management and responsible usage, water is a renewable resource.

Natural resources should be used wisely because most of them are exhaustible and cannot be replenished or take million years to replenish. CNG is the cleanest fuel and hence should be used instead of petrol. People should also adopt car pooling to prevent excessive use of fuel and also protect from pollution.

Petrol is a limited resource and can be exhausted if not used wisely. Natural gas is stored under high pressure as CNG. CNG can be used as a fuel instead of petrol as it is less polluting. It is a cleaner fuel. 

In India, the Petroleum Conservation Research Association(PCRA) advises people how to save petrol/diesel while driving. Their tips include driving at a constant and moderate speed as far as possible, switching off the engine at traffic lights or at a place where you have to wait, ensuring correct tyre pressure, ensuring regular maintenance of the vehicle, etc.

Coal gas is a flammable gaseous fuel made from coal and supplied to the consumer through a piped distribution system. It is a byproduct of the destructive distillation of coal.

Petroleum is the limited natural product which is obtained from the sea. The layer of the petroleum is obtained on the upper layer of seawater. 

Dry cleaning is the procedure of cleaning clothes by using chemical solvents (the substance which can dissolve in other substance ). Petrol is a chemical which is used as a solvent for dry cleaning of clothes.

Natural gas is product of petroleum which is used in the form of compressed natural gas and transported through pipes. 

Petroleum is formed from the remains of ancient marine organisms (plankton and algae) that were buried under layers of sediment and subjected to high pressure and temperature over millions of years.

Average wind velocity and local environmental (geographical) parameters are the basis of deciding the parameters like the height and the number of blades of a windmill. So, during windmill design, all the factors mentioned are taken care of.

The law of conservation of energy states that the total energy of an isolated system remains constant, it is said to be conserved over time. This law means that energy can neither be created nor destroyed; rather, it can only be transformed from one form to another.

Vaseline is made from paraffin wax. It is a is a brand of petroleum-jelly based products. In many languages, the word "Vaseline" is used as generic for petroleum jelly.

Conventional energy sources includes oil, gas and coal. These conventional sources are usually fossil fuels. Their use leads to increased greenhouse gas emissions and other environmental damage.These sources of energy are also called non renewable sources. These sources of energy are in limited quantity except hydro-electric power. These include commercial (coal, petroleum, electricity etc..) and non-commercial (fire wood, straw, dried dung etc.. ).

There are many ways to conserve energy resources like coal or petroleum.

A .Because of the population explosion (rapid increase in population) in the world with limited resources, our natural resources are depleting.

Non-renewable resources such as coal, petroleum and natural gas are finishing fastly due to increase in population and industrialisation which results in increased demands of these resources. A non renewable resources is a resources of economic value that cannot be readily replaced by natural means on a level equal to its consumption. 

Non-renewable resources take millions of year to get replenished. So it can extinct in the near future.

Cars, bikes and aeroplanes are operating on petrol, diesel and kerosene, which are extracted from oil. If they disappear on earth, all of them stop running.

A . Rainwater harvesting is the method of collection and storage of rainwater in natural reservoirs or tank and infiltration of surface water into subsurface aquifers (like well or underground water pumped through hand pump). This method is used to conserve drinking water (a natural resource).

B, Vehicles are secondary reasons for finishing resources as number of vehicles are increasing day by day which results in great demand of fuels. 

To conserve materials, it is necessary to use them in the limited amount. We need  to use it judiciously for sustainable development. We need to conserve our natural resources because it is the main source of our daily needs. We need to conserve it because they are limited only. And if these resources are abused and harmed, we will have short quantity of sources for food and living.

A loss of biodiversity will result in loss of ecological balance. Biodiversity is an integral part of our environment. 

Biodiversity is necessary for our existence as well as valuable in its own right. This is because it provides the fundamental building blocks for the many goods and services which provides a healthy environment to lead our life.

Hence, the correct option is $B$

The correct option is A if materials will be finished then people will struggle for electricity as it is produced by using coal in the thermal power plant. 

Rainwater harvesting is the accumulation and storage of rainwater for reuse on-site, rather than allowing it to run off. Rainwater can be collected from rivers or roofs, and in many places, the water collected is redirected to a deep pit, a reservoir with percolation. Its uses include water for gardens, livestock, irrigation, domestic use with proper treatment, indoor heating for houses, groundwater harvesting.

Covering pans keeps the heat in the pan, cooking the food. 

C is the correct option.if resources are finished then people will struggle for both CNG and LPG as both are obtained from fossils.They cannot be replenished soon.

An increase in content of carbon dioxide in an environment will not cause increase in photosynthesis of plants and abundance of desert plants.

Large dams are often criticized for environmental degradation (deforestation), social issues (displacement of communities without proper rehabilitation), and economic inefficiency (high costs vs. benefits).

In the 1970s, an organized resistance to the destruction of forests spread throughout India and came to be known as the Chipko movement. The name of the movement comes from the word 'embrace', as the villagers hugged the trees, and prevented the contractors' from felling them.

Drilling large number of deep bore wells,

The more we consume renewable sources lesser they become available in our lifetime. 

Soil Erosion is a major cause of land degradation in our country, where the fields upper layer of soil is displaced.

Petroleum, Coal and natural gas are fossil fuels.

Trees are renewable resource of fuel as they can be planted new and can be recreated. So renewable natural resources are Trees. Hence, option A is correct.

                            	<span class="ng-binding">Advantage of use of natural gas as fuel is that natural gas releases fewer pollutants which can decrease the pollution.</span><div><span class="ng-binding"><br>Hence option B is correct.<br></span></div>

Coal reserves may last for a few hundred years but at the present rate of consumption, the present coal reserves might run out of coal sooner than expected.

Coal and petroleum are formed from the dead remains of organisms and are known as fossil fuels.

Excessive burning of fossil fuels is a major cause of "GLOBAL WARMING".

Explanation :
Carbon dioxide (CO2), which, while not  the most potent greenhouse gas, 

is nevertheless the main driver of the greenhouse effect. When fossil fuels - coal, oil and natural gas - are burnt they release CO2 into the atmosphere. Because of this, the layer of greenhouse gas is getting thicker, which is, in turn, making the Earth warmer. Thus the ongoing unlimited burning of fossil fuels is the cause of climate change and global warming.

Kerosene on burning provides a large amount of energy and hence used as fuel in jet crafts.

Depletion of natural resources like water, fuel-air and soil produces competition among living organisms for the remaining portions and diminishes the quality of available resources. Some of the human activities reduce the quality of drinking water. Overuse of fossil fuels reduces their availability and also introduces harmful toxins into the water and the atmosphere. Deforestation and agricultural activities exacerbate erosion and cause soil contamination, which impairs the survival capacity of plants, and makes surrounding areas prone to flooding and environmental disasters.

The main component of natural gas is methane $CH _4$ some other gases like butane ethane are also present.
Hence option A is correct.

Use
of public transport system instead of private vehicles decreases the
pollution as many people use only one vehicle which consume less fuel.It decreases the fuel consumption and pollution.
Hence option B is correct.

                            	<span class="ng-binding">Natural gas is best to use as fuel because it produces less pollution and more efficiency.Less quantity is needed for more work.<br>Hence option D is correct.<br></span>

Deforestation 
is decrease in number of trees in forest so this leads to in decrease
the photosynthesis process which in turn increases the pollution.
Hence option A is correct.