Historiography - class-VI

Statement (i) is incorrect as the book written by Justice Mahadev Govind  Ranade is The Rise of the Maratha Power. A history of Mahrattas was written by Grant Duff. Statement (ii) is correct. Hence the answer is (b).

The five volumes of Cambridge History of India, published during 1923-1937 C.E. are distinct examples of colonial historiography

The Indus Valley (Harappan) civilization was formally announced and excavated under the direction of Sir John Marshall in the 1920s.

The History of British India written by James Mill was published in 1817. It was the first book written by a Britsih Historian on Indian Indian. It clearly reflects the absence of an objective perspective and prejudice about various aspects of Indian culture. The book was written in three volumes. Thus, the correct answer is (a).

The Sohagaura copper plate inscription is a Mauryan-era record that features symbols including the tree-in-railing and mountain.

Holkaranchi Kaiphiyat is a historical document that provides significant insights into the Maratha administration and their contributions to history.

In the early modern period the term historiography meant " the writing of history", and historiographer meant "historian".

Grant duff wrote the book  A History of the Mahrattas. It was written in 3 volumes.

James Mill published his influential work, 'The History of British India', in three volumes in 1817.

Mountstuart Elphinstone, a former Governor of Bombay, published 'The History of India' in 1841.

Rajtarangini, a book on the history of Kashmir, was written in 12th century by Kalhana. He himself has said that he has written this book by critically examining various sources like inscriptions, coins, remains of ancient monuments, dynastic records, and local traditions.

Babur, the founder of the Mughal empire wrote his autobiography which was titled Tuzuk-i-Babari. It contains the descriptions of the battles fought by him. Babur has also recorded his minute observations of all the regions and cities visited by him which include the local economy, customs, and traditions.

The above statements refer to Ziauddin Barani. He was a medieval period historian. 

Friedrich Max Muller translated the Sanskrit text Hitopadesh in the German language. In his opinion, Sanskrit was the most ancient of the Indo-European languages. He was deeply interested in Sanskrit literature.

Sabhasad Bakhar was written by Krishnaji Anant Sabhasad during the reign of Chatrapati Rajaram Maharaj. It is an important bakhar to get information about the rule of Chatrapati Shivaji Maharaj.

"Holkarachi Kaiphiyat" provides information about the Holkars and their contribution to the Maratha rule.

Akbarnana, the biography of Akbar was written by Abul Fazl. Abul Fazl's Akbarnama is very important from the viewpoint of critical historiography. His method of collecting authentic historical documents and their scrutiny is looked upon as devoid of bias and hence realistic.

Alexander Cunningham was the first Director-General of the Archeological Survey of India. 

BCE  usually refers to Before Common Era. The simplest reason for using BCE/CE (Common Era) as opposed to AD/BC is to avoid reference to Christianity and in particular to avoid naming Christ as lord. 

Sometimes CE is used instead of AD and BCE stands for BC. The letter CE stands for 'Common Era' and BCE stands for 'Before Common Era'. We use these terms because the Christian Era is now used in most of the countries of the World. 

Herodotus was known as the father of history because he was the first historian known to collect all the sources and materials systematically, also tested their accuracy to give a proper explanation.

Coins, inscriptions and architecture help to know about the economic history as they present the economic activities of a state.

History is all about to study the things happened in past.  Historians use timelines to put the events into the chronological order. Chronology is important because the exact order in which the events occur help us to understand the cause and effect of those events. Timelines explain the full picture of particular era from beginning to end. 

BCE stands for Before Common Era. All dates before the birth of Jesus Christ, the founder of Christianity. All dates before the birth of Christ are counted backwards and usually refers BC.

A person, thing or idea that exists out of its time in history especially one that happened or existed later than the period being shown and discussed known as Anachronism. Absolutism refers to a political system in which a single ruler, group or political party enjoy complete power. Totalitarianism refers to a political system in which those in power have complete control and people are not allowed to have freedom to oppose the power.

In 1784, William Jones founded the Asiatic Society in Kolkata. It opened the doors for research in ancient Indian literature and history. Hence state (i) is wrong and the answer is (b).

Freidrich Max Muller had translated 'Rigveda' in German. Hence (b) is incorrect.

James Mill divided Indian history into three periods based on religious lines: Hindu, Muslim, and British.

The past, present and future are linked by a continuous chain of events. Your sense of the present is just reflecting where in the block universe you are at that instance. The past is just a slice of the universe at an earlier location while the future is at a later location. 

History
mainly provides us with guidelines about how we should behave in order
to shape a good future , history also serves to ispire and to motivate
us.By studying history , we get to know about the give and take that
took place between our own and other civilizations.We also understand
how people's way of life went on changing.It tells of the many
scientific discoveries that brought about important changes in human
civilization and of the scientists who made those discoveries.

The
science that tries to understand past events is called 'history'. The
past includes many events that have already taken place. History attempts
to find out answers to many questions by studying the way of thinking of
past societies , their actions and the consequences. The study of
history makes it possible for us to study what is and what is not
favourable for the progress of human society.

The empirical method relies on observation and experimentation to gather data, making it synonymous with the experimental method in many contexts.

Historical research involves the systematic collection of data, analysis of transitions, and comparative study to understand past events.

Critical examination of primary and secondary sources is a fundamental step in historical research to ensure accuracy and objectivity.

Formulating relevant research questions based on existing historical references is essential for guiding the investigation in historical research.

The concept of using the time when Jesus lived has been universally accepted. It is B.C for referring to time before christ, that is say 1000 years BC means it occurred 1000 years before the birth of christ. Then the era after the demise of Jesus called AD(in Latin when translated, after the death of Christ.)Now we are living in 2020 AD.

" Rig Ved" is
considered as the earliest
composition of Sanskrit
language.

Neighbouring Arabs, Iranians uttered "s" as "h" and called this land Hindu. Greeks pronounced this name as Indus. Sindhu is the name of the Indus River, mentioned in the Rig-Veda, one of the oldest Indo-European texts, composed in the northwestern region of the Indian subcontinent roughly between 1700-1100 BC.

The Prakrits are any of several Middle Indo-Aryan languages formerly used in India during the ancient times.

Vikram era was started in 58 BCE. It is associated with famous Gupta king, Chandragupta II. Chandragupta II founded it as a mark of victory over the Shakas and assumed the title of Vikramaditya.