Planets of the Solar System - Class VI

Neptune is the eighth and farthest known planet from the Sun in our solar system. Pluto was reclassified as a dwarf planet in 2006.

The largest planet of the solar system is Jupiter. It is the largest by mass, volume, and surface area among other statistics. Here are the critical measurements of Jupiter as well as a few other interesting facts about the planet.
Here are Jupiter's measurements: mass $1.8981 \times 10^{27}\ kg$, volume $1.43128 \times 10^{15}\ km^{3}$, surface area $6.1419 \times 10^{10}\ km^{2}$, and a mean circumference of $4.39264 \times 10^{5}\ km$. Despite its size, it only has a density of $1.326\ g/cm^3$, which is less than one fourth of Earths density. The low density is one way scientists are able to determine that it is made mostly of gases and probably does not have a solid core.

Jupiter is the biggest planet.

In 1610, the year after Galileo Galilei first turned a telescope to the sky, he became the very first person to observe Saturn's rings,
though he could not see them well enough to discern their true nature.
In 1655, Christiaan Huygens was the first person to describe them as a disk surrounding Saturn.

Equitorial diameter of the earth is about $12756$ km and The polar diameter of earth is $12713.6$km

The planet Mars is known as Mangal graha in India.

In India planets are called as ''grahas"

Varun is the Indian name of the Neptune.

The five brightest planets mercury, venus, mars,jupiter and saturn can easily be seen by naked eye.

Shukra is known as Venus.

According to Indian mythology Uranus is named as Indira.

The smallest planet in the solar system is Mercury. For the longest time, the smallest planet was considered
to be Pluto, but now Pluto isn’t a planet any more.

Mercury measures 4879 km along its equator. Just for comparison,
Earth is 12,742 km across. So, Mercury is only 38% the diameter of Earth.
In terms of volume, it’s even less. Mercury has only 0.05 the volume of
the Earth. In other words, if the Earth was a hollow shell, you could
fit 20 Mercury's inside with room to spare.

Ans: Neptune

Venus is the brightest of all planets. It can be seen sometimes in the eastern sky before sunrise and in the western sky just after sunset. Hence, it is called the morning or evening star.

Saturn is the least dense planet. In fact, its density is less than water and it can hence float on water.

Pluto was once considered to be a planet of our solar system. Since 2006, according to the International Astronomical Organization, it is no more considered a planet and is termed as a dwarf planet.

Planets do not have their own light. Those merely reflect the Sun's light that falls on them. 

Earth is the only planet that has life on it. All the rest have no trace of life on those.

Mars appears to be reddish in color and is hence known as the red planet.

Earth appears to be bluish green in colour and Mars appears to be reddish in colour. Hence it is also known as the red planet.

Earth is at an optimum distance from the Sun, therefore the sunlight reaching the Earth is not extremely hot. Also, the ozone layer prevents the entry of harmful rays. Presence of water and atmosphere that are essential for life an Earth to grow.

Mercury is the first planet of our solar system. It is very close to the Sun and is mostly hidden because of excessive light or glare of the Sun. Hence, it is not easily visible. However, it can be seen just before sunrise or just after sunset from places where trees and buildings do not disturb the view.

Venus is the brightest planet in the night sky and can be spotted easily.

A band of asteroids present between Mass and Jupiter separates the planets into inner (planets before the band of asteroids) and outer (planets after the band of asteroids) planets. Mercury, Venus, Earth and Mars lie before the band of asteroids and are called inner planets.

The planet nearest to the sun is Mercury.

Inferior planets are those planets which is closer to Sun than the Earth, Mercury and Venus are the inferior planets.

Mercury is the smallest planet.

Radius of Saturn is about $9$ times than that of earth.

Twilight is seen because the earth's atmosphere, some light scatters through small particles in the atmosphere- so, there is still some light n the sky even after the sun  has gone down.

Superior planets are those planets which is farther from the earth than the Sun. Except Mercury and Venus rest are superior planets.

Mass of the planet jupiter is about $318$ times than that of earth.

Jupiter is the largest planet in the universe its diameter is about $1.3\times { 10 }^{ 5 }$km.

First of all venus is very close to earth so very less amount of light gets scattered by atmosphere particles and second thing is it reflects $75%$ of the light coming from sun.

According to recent astronomical data pluto is the planet which is at the farthest distance from earth.

A planet signs because it reflects the light coming from the sun.

The smallest planet in the solar system is  mercury.

Surface gravity of different planets has a unique surface gravity.
Newton's second law of motion: $F=ma$............(1)
Law of universal gravitation: $F _g=\dfrac{GM _1M _2}{R^2}$............(2)
The value of $G$ was originally determined experimentally by Henry Cavendish and has a value of $6.67\times10^{11} N m^3/kgs^{2}$
By using these two equations, one can derive another equation that shows the acceleration due to gravity at the surface of a planet, i.e., $g=\dfrac{GM}{R^2}$
Where $M$ is the mass of the planet and $R$ is its radius.
The surface gravity of the planets, as determined by the equation above and shown relative to Earth's gravity can be seen below:

Object:           g/g-earth:       Acceleration at the surface

Earth...............$1.0$...............$g = 9.78\ m/s^2$ ($32.1\ ft/s^2$)

Jupiter.............$2.36$...........$g = 23.1\ m/s^2$ ($75.9\ ft/s^2$)

Saturn.............$1.07$.............$g = 9.05\ m/s^2$($29.4\ ft/s^2$)

Uranus............$0.889$...........$g = 8.69\ m/s^2$($28.5\ ft/s^2$)

Neptune..........$1.12$.............$g = 11.0\ m/s^2$($36.0\ ft/s^2$)

So, surface gravity of different planets in correct decreasing order is Jupiter, Neptune, Saturn, Earth.

Hindi name for Pluto is yam and for Venus is Shukra. 

Ans: Neptune

Planet farthest from sun is Neptune.

Outermost layer of earth is called Crust.

Venus is the hottest planet. Although its not the closest to the sun, its dense atmosphere traps heat and warms it.

Temperature of center of earth is 6000 degree celsius.

This is an analogy based on mythology. Yama is the Hindu god of death, often associated with the planet Pluto in astrology. Shani is the Hindu name for the planet Saturn.

The order of planets from the Sun is Mercury, Venus, Earth, and then Mars. Therefore, Mars is the fourth planet.

Mercury and Venus have no natural satellites. they are both inner planets and inner planets tend to have very few or no satellites and rings.

Sirius is a star,it is not a planet of the sun.The star Sirius is the brightest star in the sky. It is commonly known as the Dog Star. 

There are eight planets in the solar system. Pluto is dwarf planet not a planet.

Venus is the hottest planet in the solar system due to its thick atmosphere and runaway greenhouse effect, making it impossible for space crafts to land and survive.

Mars has only two natural satellites. Phobos and Deimos both were discovered by Asaph Hall in August $1877$.

Only earth has large reserves of water

The surface temperature of mercury varies from around $800F$ to $-290F$ or $427°C$ to $-180°C$.

The biggest is Jupiter. Then comes Saturn.

Titan have its own atmosphere which is the largest moon of Saturn.

The time period of revolution depends on the radius of the orbit. Greater the radius, greater is the period. Since Saturn is the farthest planet from the sun, its radius is the greatest and so is the time period.

Reddish color of the Mars is due to the presence of "ferric" iron in the from of Red hematite $({ Fe } _{ 2 }{ O } _{ 3 })$ which is the oxide of iron.

Planet                              Moons(Number)                                        

Venus is called Earth's twin because Venus and Earth are almost the same size, have about the same mass (they weigh about the same), and have a very similar composition (are made of the same material). They are also neighboring planets. However, Venus and Earth are also very different. Venus has an atmosphere that is about 100 times thicker than Earth's and has surface temperatures that are extremely hot. Venus does not have life or water oceans like Earth does. Venus also rotates backwards compared to Earth and the other planets.

The phenomenon of retrograde motion, where planets appear to reverse their direction in the sky, is observed for all superior planets, including Mars, Jupiter, and Saturn.

Mercury and Venus are the only two planets in the solar system that do not have any natural satellites (moons).

Neptune is the farthest planet in the solar system. 

Venus can be seen in the western sky after sunset and is called the evening star. 

The largest planet in the solar system is Jupiter. Radius is 71492km.

The soil in planet Mars appears to be red in colour due to the presence of iron oxide.

Ans: Venus

The mean surface temperature of Mercury is approximately 442.5K, though it varies significantly between the day and night sides.

As of late 2012, Jupiter was widely cited as having the most known moons. Saturn later surpassed it following new discoveries.

The inclination of axis of rotation is maximum for planet Mercury and minimum for Uranus. 

Auroras occur when charged particles from the solar wind are funneled by a planet's magnetic field toward the poles, where they interact with the atmosphere.

Ans: Venus

Ans: Venus and Uranus

Spinning speed of earth is $0.5km/sec$

Ans: c,a,b.d

Mars is known as red planet.

The Jupiter is the most massive planet in the solar system. It is 300 times bigger than the earth.

Saturn moon also known as Titan is largest moon of Saturn and is only known to have a dense atmosphere and also the only object other than Earth and also the only object other than Earth were clear evidence of stable bodies of surface liquid have been found.

Specific gravity is measure to the density of the planet.

Second biggest planet in the solar system is Saturn.

These all are the properties of Mars.

During the winter freezing time the polar region are covered by caps which is of water, and carbon dioxide. They appear white.

Venus due to the presence of Carbon dioxide in large amount.

The pole of Uranus faces the Sun for longer period of time than any other planet as it axis is $98°$ and lies sideways therefore poles facing the Sun most of the time.

Ring system around planet Uranus is discovered by William Herschel detailing his observation of Uranus in ${ 18 }^{ th }$ century

All the planets among Jupiter, Saturn, Neptune and Uranus all in the second group.

• Asteroids and planetoids are small bodies of varying sizes ranging from few kilometres to few hundred kilometres of diameter. They are found in a large number in a belt between Mars and Jupiter and they revolve around the sun like planets but are not large enough to be called planets.
• Sometimes very small asteroids enter into earth's atmosphere. If these bodies reach the earth's surface then they are called meteorites. Most of the time they get burned up due to the friction caused by the atmosphere of the earth and thus appear like shooting stars.
• Hence option D is correct.

The main asteroid belt is located in the region of space between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter.