European Environmental Regions and Climate Types - Class IX

A
farming method that involves the cutting and burning of plants in a forest to
create a field is known as ‘Slash and burn’ agriculture.  The resulting layer of ash provides the
newly-cleared land with a nutrient-rich layer to help fertilize crops. It is a
method of agriculture which is mainly used by tribal communities for
subsistence farming. ‘Slash and burn’ agriculture is mostly practiced in central
Africa, northern South America, and Southeast Asia. ‘Slash and burn’
agriculture is known as Milpa in Mexico.

Manioc(or popularly known as Cassava) is grown in tropical climates in Amazon basin in South America and tropical areas of Africa. It has edible roots and they give the third highest yield of carbohydrates per cultivated area.

Manioc(or popularly known as Cassava) is grown in tropical climates in South America and Africa. It has edible roots and they give the third highest yield of carbohydrates per cultivated area.

Merino is a very famous sheep from Spain but now domesticated in Australia. It is known for its soft and high quality wool

The Canary current is a cold current, flows along the western coast of North Africa between Madeira and Cape Verde. This current is the continuation of North Atlantic Drift which turns southward and affects Spain and Portugal and flows to the south along the coast of Canaries Island.

• Sirocco is a Mediterranean wind that comes from  the Sahara and can reach hurricane speeds in North Africa  and  Southern Europe especially during the summer season..
  
• The Sirocco causes dusty dry conditions along the northern coast of Africa, storms in the Mediterranean Sea, and cool wet weather in Europe. 
  
• The term Sirocco  is a name given to hot and subsequently humid southeast to southwest winds originating as hot, dry desert-air over Northern Africa, flowing northward into the southern Mediterranean basin.
  

The temperate grasslands of south-eastern Europe are known as steppes. The temperate grassland region is characterized by warm and dry summer and cold winter. Various parts of the steppes have been cleaned and brought under cultivation. Soils of the steppes are generally deficit in humus but contain calcium, which is especially suitable for grain crops. In this grasslands, cattle and sheep are rared for milk, meat, skin, and wool.

sirocco is a hot wind, often dusty or rainy, blowing South, from North Africa across the Mediterranean to southern Europe. mistral is a cold northwesterly wind usually strong, that blows through the southern France into the Mediterranean, mainly in winter.

Oceanic climate

Reindeer,

The
Arctic type of climate is characterized by long, cold winters and short, cool
summers. There is a large amount of variability in climate across the Arctic,
but all regions experience extremes of solar radiation in both summer and
winter. The Arctic type of climate in Europe is also called as Tundra because Tundra
region has the same type of climate as Arctic. The northern part of the
continents within the polar region is known as the Tundra region. Tundra
regions are found in the northern and southern hemispheres between the
ice-covered poles and the coniferous forests.

Coniferous forest region,

Mediterranean type of climate,

River rhone valley,

Natural resources are those that occur naturally without human intervention. Cattle are domesticated animals and thus considered a livestock or agricultural resource, not a natural resource in the same sense as forests, minerals, or water.

Prairies-Temperate grasslands of North America

Mount Elbrus is the highest peak in European continent. It has two summits elevation of one is 5,642 meters and another one is 5,621 meters. It is located in the southern part of Russia. Both the summits are dormant volcanoes.

State the latitudinal and longitudinal extent of Europe. Answer: Europe lies between the latitudes 35°N to 72°N and the longitudes 25°W to 65°E.

Southern Europe is the southern region of the European continent. Most definitions of Southern Europe, also known as Mediterranean Europe, include Spain, Italy, Malta, Corsica, Greece, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, Albania,Vatican, Gibraltar, Andorra, Slovenia, East Thrace of European Turkey and Cyprus.

Low Countries, also called Benelux countries, coastal region of northwestern Europe, consisting of Belgium, the Netherlands, and Luxembourg. These are together known as the Benelux countries, from the initial letters of their names. The Low Countries are bordered by Germany to the east and France to the south. In 1947 the three nations formed the Benelux Customs Union, which broadened over the years into what a 1960 treaty confirmed as the Benelux Economic Union.

The North Atlantic Drift is a warm ocean current that brings relatively warm water to the Norwegian coast. This prevents the ports from freezing even at high latitudes where other regions experience ice.

Alpine system is the highest and extensive system in europe.

Danube is second longest river after Volga. It rises in Black forest mountain of Germany and passes through nine countries - Germany, Austria, Slovakia, Hungary, Croatia, Serbia, Bulgaria, Romania and Ukraine. 

Volcanoes,

Any
piece of sub-continental which is surrounded by water is known as island. Greenland
is the largest island in the world.  It
covers a distance of 2,175,597 square kilometers. It is situated in far
northeast of North America. It is a part of the Kingdom of Denmark. It is the
least densely populated country in the world. Its closest neighbouring
countries are Iceland to the South-East, Canada to the West and Svalbard in
Norway to the North-East.

Rhine
is a European river. It originates from the Swiss canton of Graubunden in the south-eastern
Swiss Alps. It flows through the Rhineland and empties into the North Sea in
the Netherlands. It is the second-longest river in Central and Western Europe.  Spree is a river that flows through the
Saxony, Brandenburg and Berlin states of German. These two rivers meet in Europe
at Lyon.

A
natural phenomenon that occurs in the summer months in places north of the
Arctic Circle or south of the Antarctic Circle in which the sun remains visible
at the local midnight is known as the midnight sun. This happens on 21 June in northern
hemisphere and on 22 December in southern hemisphere. Norway is called the Land
of the Midnight Sun because the sun never dips entirely below the horizon
between late May and late July.

Both the Elbe and the Rhine are major European rivers that flow into the North Sea. Therefore, the option indicating both is correct.

The sea is considered an internal sea of Russia and Ukraine, and its use is governed by an agreement between these countries ratified in 2003. ... The Sea of Azov is an internal sea with passage to the Atlantic Ocean going through the Black, Marmara, Aegean and Mediterranean seas.

River Garonne and River Loire,

North sea,

Fjords,

The Central European Plains extends from Atlantic ocean in the West to Ural mountains in the East, these plains are lush green with scattered low hills and the valleys of River Don, Dnieper, Volga, Ural, and Po.

The Central European pains,

The North-West highlands include the plateaus and mountain systems of Norway and Sweden extending up to Scotland, Wales and Ireland.

Plateau,

Crystalline rock, any rock composed entirely of crystallized minerals without glassy matter. Intrusive igneous rocks—those that congeal at depth—are virtually always crystalline, whereas extrusive igneous rocks, or volcanic rocks, may be partly to entirely glassy. Many factors influence the ability of a magma to crystallize, but the length of time during which cooling occurs is the controlling factor. Metamorphic rocks are almost always crystalline; the term crystalline schists has been applied to indicate all rocks of metamorphic origin, and thus the term crystalline rocks may be taken to mean an igneous origin. Sedimentary rocks can also be crystalline, such as the crystalline limestones precipitated directly from solution; the term is not generally applied to the clastic sediments, even though they are formed largely from the accumulation of crystalline materials.

France and Spain,

London is located on the bank of the river Thames. London is the capital and most popoular city of England. It was founded by the Romans who named it Londinium.