Armed revolutionary movement - class-X

The statue of Vinayak Damodar Savarkar was erected in the Port Blair's Shaheed Park along with the eight other martyrs of the Andaman cellular jail. V.D savarkar was sentenced to imprisonment of fifty years on July 4, 1911 but was released from jail in 1921 after several mercy petitions to the British government.

 V.D. Savarkar established a secret revolutionary society ‘Mitra Mela’, in Nasik in 1899  It was one among the several revolutionary societies functioning at that time, which believed in the overthrow of British rule through armed rebellion.

In 1899, V.D. Savarkar and his brother Ganesh Savarkar established a secret revolutionary society ‘Mitra Mela’, which influenced the members to fight for “absolute political independence” of India.

Bhagat Singh, Sukhdev, and Rajguru were executed by hanging in the Lahore Central Jail on March 23, 1931.

 Bhagat Singh, Rajguru and Sukhdev bombed central legislative assembly in New Delhi on 8 April 1929 against the passage of the Public Safety Bill and the Trade Disputes Bill which would reduce the civil liberties of citizens.  The aim was to make the deaf hear not to kill.

Ghadar party was an extremist revolutionary organisation founded by Sikhs in the US and Canada with the aim of securing India's independence from British rule. It was founded by Lala Hardayal and Sohan Singh Bhakna in the year 1913. The party had its headquarters in San Francisco. Its key members were Bhai Parmanand, Kartar Singh Sarabha, Abdul Hafiz Mohamed Barakatullah, Rashbehari Bose and Gulab Kaur.

Apart from a few stray incidents, the armed rebellion against the British rulers was not organized before the beginning of the 20th century. The revolutionary philosophies and movement made its presence felt during the 1905 Partition of Bengal. Arguably, the initial steps to organize the revolutionaries were taken by Aurobindo Ghosh, his brother Barin Ghosh, Bhupendranath Datta, Lal Bal Pal and Subodh Chandra Mullick when they formed the Jugantar party in April 1906. Jugantar was created as an inner circle of the Anushilan Samiti, which was already present in Bengal mainly as a fitness club. After the First World War Jugantar supported Gandhi in the Non-Cooperation Movement and many of their leaders were in Congress. Still, the group continued its revolutionary activities, a notable event being the Chittagong armory raid. Hence, Option A is correct. The nineteenth century (1800-1899) did not see an organized revolution, hence, the rest of the options are incorrect. 

The famous slogan Inquilab Zindabad was given by Hasrat Mohani. The slogan was also used by Bhagat Singh, who shouted it after bombing the Central Assembly in Delhi. It became one of the rallying cries of the Indian independence movement. 

b. Masterda
The
Armoury Raid, also known as Chittagong uprising, was an attempt on
18 April 1930 to raid the armoury of police and auxiliary forces from the Chittagong armoury in the Bengal
Province of British India (now in Bangladesh) by armed Indian independence
fighters led by Surya Sen. On returning to Chittagong in
1918, he organized Jugantar and joined the Umatara School at Chandanpore.
Hence, the name ‘Masterda’ (Elder Brother).

In his prison cell, Bhagat Singh wrote a pamphlet in response to him being accused of vanity by not accepting God in the face of death. The title of that pamphlet is "Why I am an Atheist".

V. D. Savarkar's revolutionary activities began while studying in India and England, where he was associated with the India House and founded student societies including Abhinav Bharat Society and the Free India Society, as well as publications espousing the cause of complete Indian independence by revolutionary means.

V. D. Savarkar's revolutionary activities began while studying in India and England, where he was associated with the India House and founded student societies including Abhinav Bharat Society and the Free India Society, as well as publications espousing the cause of complete Indian independence by revolutionary means.

Bhagat Singh was tried and sentenced to death for his role in the Lahore Conspiracy Case, which involved the killing of British police officer John Saunders.

Chandra Shekhar Azad involved in incidents such as Kakori Train Robbery, assembly bomb incident and the shooting of Saunders at Lahore, to avenge the killing of Lala Lajpat Rai, 

V. D. Savarkar published The Indian War of Independence about the Indian rebellion of 1857 that was banned by British authorities.

He was arrested in 1910 for his connections with the revolutionary group India House. Following a failed attempt to escape while being transported from Marseilles, Savarkar was sentenced to two life terms of imprisonment totaling fifty years and was moved to the Cellular Jail in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, but released in 1921.

Serving as the president of the Hindu Mahasabha, Savarkar endorsed the ideal of India as a Hindu Rashtra and opposed the Quit India struggle in 1942, calling. it a "Quit India but keep your army" movement

The Malabar Rebellion, or the Mappila Rebellion was an armed uprising by the Mappila peasants in 1921 against the British authority in the Malabar region of South India. It began as a reaction to crackdown against the Khilafat Movement by the British in the Eranad and Valluvanad taluks. The peasants took control of various government offices, police stations, courts and important buildings.

Kakori conspiracy was a robbery that took place in a train at the town of Kakori, about 10 miles northwest of Lucknow. The robbery was executed to get money for weaponry and carry out revolutionary activities against the British. The mastermind behind the Kakori train dacoity was Ramprasad Bismil. Other members included Ashfaqulla Khan, Rajendra Lahiri, Chandrashekhar Azad, Sachindra Bakshi, Keshab Chakravarty, etc.

During the Freedom struggle, some of the radicals set themselves for armed revolution.They were called as Revolutionary Nationalists. Vasudev Balavant Phadke was the first among the revolutionaries who formed secret organization. Damodar and Balakrishna Chapekar brothers were the intimate associates of this secret organization. Both of them were arrested and hanged till death. The other noteworthy revolutionaries of the nation were Vinayak Damodar Savarkar, Khudiram Bose, Chandrashekhar Azad and Bhagat Singh. Khudiram was the first martyr to be hanged in the history of Indian freedom struggle (1908). At that time his age was just 19 years. V. D Savarkar setup a secret organisation called Mitramela in 1899.

Kakori conspiracy was a robbery that took place in a train at the town of Kakori, about 10 miles northwest of Lucknow. The robbery was executed to get money for weaponry and carry out revolutionary activities against the British. It was planned and performed by Hindustan Republic Association. The members who executed it were Ashfaqulla Khan, Rajendra Lahiri, Chandrashekhar Azad, Sachindra Bakshi, Keshab Chakravarty, etc.

British historians have considered the 1857 struggle of Indians as a mere Sepoy Mutiny. But Indian national historians declared it as a great revolt of the people and called it The First War of Indian Independence. Vinayak Damodar Savarkar was the first among those who called it the first war of Indian independence. Even Pattabhi Sitaramaiah stated it as the first war of Indian independence. It was a combined effort of almost all the communities of the nation.

Veer Savarkar was a revolutionary nationalist born on 28th May 1883. Savarkar's revolutionary activities began while studying in India and England, where he was associated with the India House and founded student societies including Abhinav Bharat Society and the Free India Society, as well as publications espousing the cause of complete Indian independence by revolutionary means. Savarkar published The Indian War of Independence about the Indian rebellion of 1857 that was banned by British authorities. He was arrested in 1910 for his connections with the revolutionary group India House. Following a failed attempt to escape while being transported from Marseilles, Savarkar was sentenced to two life terms of imprisonment totaling fifty years and was moved to the Cellular Jail in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, but released in 1921.

During the Freedom struggle, some of the radicals set themselves for armed revolution. They were called as Revolutionary Nationalists. Vasudev Balavant Phadke was the first among the revolutionaries who formed a secret organization. Damodar and Balakrishna Chapekar brothers were the intimate associates of this secret organization. Both of them were arrested and hanged till death. The other noteworthy revolutionaries of the nation were Vinayak Damodar Savarkar, Khudiram Bose, Chandrashekhar Azad and Bhagat Singh. Khudiram was the first martyr to be hanged in the history of Indian freedom struggle (1908). At that time his age was just 19 years

Veer Savarkar was a revolutionary nationalist born on 28th May 1883. Savarkar's revolutionary activities began while studying in India and England, where he was associated with the India House and founded student societies including Abhinav Bharat Society and the Free India Society, as well as publications espousing the cause of complete Indian independence by revolutionary means. Savarkar published The Indian War of Independence about the Indian rebellion of 1857 that was banned by British authorities. He was arrested in 1910 for his connections with the revolutionary group India House. Following a failed attempt to escape while being transported from Marseilles, Savarkar was sentenced to two life terms of imprisonment totaling fifty years and was moved to the Cellular Jail in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, but released in 1921.

Veer Savarkar was a revolutionary nationalist born on 28th May 1883. Savarkar's revolutionary activities began while studying in India and England, where he was associated with the India House and founded student societies including Abhinav Bharat Society and the Free India Society, as well as publications espousing the cause of complete Indian independence by revolutionary means. Savarkar published The Indian War of Independence about the Indian rebellion of 1857 that was banned by British authorities. He was arrested in 1910 for his connections with the revolutionary group India House. Following a failed attempt to escape while being transported from Marseilles, Savarkar was sentenced to two life terms of imprisonment totaling fifty years and was moved to the Cellular Jail in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, but released in 1921.

Veer Savarkar was a revolutionary nationalist born on 28th May 1883. Savarkar's revolutionary activities began while studying in India and England, where he was associated with the India House and founded student societies including Abhinav Bharat Society and the Free India Society, as well as publications espousing the cause of complete Indian independence by revolutionary means. Savarkar published The Indian War of Independence about the Indian rebellion of 1857 that was banned by British authorities. He was arrested in 1910 for his connections with the revolutionary group India House. Following a failed attempt to escape while being transported from Marseilles, Savarkar was sentenced to two life terms of imprisonment totaling fifty years and was moved to the Cellular Jail in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, but released in 1921.

Veer Savarkar was a revolutionary nationalist born on 28th May 1883. Savarkar's revolutionary activities began while studying in India and England, where he was associated with the India House and founded student societies including Abhinav Bharat Society and the Free India Society, as well as publications espousing the cause of complete Indian independence by revolutionary means. Savarkar published The Indian War of Independence about the Indian rebellion of 1857 that was banned by British authorities. He was arrested in 1910 for his connections with the revolutionary group India House. Following a failed attempt to escape while being transported from Marseilles, Savarkar was sentenced to two life terms of imprisonment totaling fifty years and was moved to the Cellular Jail in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, but released in 1921.

Veer Savarkar was a revolutionary nationalist born on 28th May 1883. He founded the first secret organisation, 'Mitramela' in the year 1899. Savarkar's revolutionary activities began while studying in India and England, where he was associated with the India House and founded student societies including Abhinav Bharat Society and the Free India Society, as well as publications espousing the cause of complete Indian independence by revolutionary means. Savarkar published The Indian War of Independence about the Indian rebellion of 1857 that was banned by British authorities. He was arrested in 1910 for his connections with the revolutionary group India House. Following a failed attempt to escape while being transported from Marseilles, Savarkar was sentenced to two life terms of imprisonment totaling fifty years and was moved to the Cellular Jail in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, but released in 1921.

Veer Savarkar also called as Swatantryaveer Savarkar was a revolutionary nationalist born on 28th May 1883. Savarkar's revolutionary activities began while studying in India and England, where he was associated with the India House and founded student societies including Abhinav Bharat Society and the Free India Society, as well as publications espousing the cause of complete Indian independence by revolutionary means. Savarkar published The Indian War of Independence about the Indian rebellion of 1857 that was banned by British authorities. He was arrested in 1910 for his connections with the revolutionary group India House. Following a failed attempt to escape while being transported from Marseilles, Savarkar was sentenced to two life terms of imprisonment totaling fifty years and was moved to the Cellular Jail in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, but released in 1921.

Veer Savarkar was a revolutionary nationalist born on 28th May 1883. Savarkar's revolutionary activities began while studying in India and England, where he was associated with the India House and founded student societies including Abhinav Bharat Society and the Free India Society, as well as publications espousing the cause of complete Indian independence by revolutionary means. Savarkar published The Indian War of Independence about the Indian rebellion of 1857 that was banned by British authorities. He was arrested in 1910 for his connections with the revolutionary group India House. Following a failed attempt to escape while being transported from Marseilles, Savarkar was sentenced to two life terms of imprisonment totaling fifty years and was moved to the Cellular Jail in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, but released in 1921.

Veer Savarkar was a revolutionary nationalist born on 28th May 1883. Savarkar's revolutionary activities began while studying in India and England, where he was associated with the India House and founded student societies including Abhinav Bharat Society and the Free India Society, as well as publications espousing the cause of complete Indian independence by revolutionary means. Savarkar published The Indian War of Independence about the Indian rebellion of 1857 that was banned by British authorities. He was arrested in 1910 for his connections with the revolutionary group India House. Following a failed attempt to escape while being transported from Marseilles, Savarkar was sentenced to two life terms of imprisonment totaling fifty years and was moved to the Cellular Jail in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, but released in 1921.

Veer Savarkar was a revolutionary nationalist born on 28th May 1883. Savarkar's revolutionary activities began while studying in India and England, where he was associated with the India House and founded student societies including Abhinav Bharat Society and the Free India Society, as well as publications espousing the cause of complete Indian independence by revolutionary means. Savarkar published The Indian War of Independence about the Indian rebellion of 1857 that was banned by British authorities. He was arrested in 1910 for his connections with the revolutionary group India House. Following a failed attempt to escape while being transported from Marseilles, Savarkar was sentenced to two life terms of imprisonment totaling fifty years and was moved to the Cellular Jail in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, but released in 1921.

Veer Savarkar was a revolutionary nationalist born on 28th May 1883. Savarkar's revolutionary activities began while studying in India and England, where he was associated with the India House and founded student societies including Abhinav Bharat Society and the Free India Society, as well as publications espousing the cause of complete Indian independence by revolutionary means. Savarkar published The Indian War of Independence about the Indian rebellion of 1857 that was banned by British authorities. He was arrested in 1910 for his connections with the revolutionary group India House. Following a failed attempt to escape while being transported from Marseilles, Savarkar was sentenced to two life terms of imprisonment totaling fifty years and was moved to the Cellular Jail in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, but released in 1921.

Veer Savarkar was a revolutionary nationalist born on 28th May 1883. Savarkar's revolutionary activities began while studying in India and England, where he was associated with the India House and founded student societies including Abhinav Bharat Society and the Free India Society, as well as publications espousing the cause of complete Indian independence by revolutionary means. Savarkar published The Indian War of Independence about the Indian rebellion of 1857 that was banned by British authorities. He was arrested in 1910 for his connections with the revolutionary group India House. Following a failed attempt to escape while being transported from Marseilles, Savarkar was sentenced to two life terms of imprisonment totaling fifty years and was moved to the Cellular Jail in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, but released in 1921.

Jatin Das was a revolutionary who died in Lahore prison in 1929 after a 63-day hunger strike protesting the treatment of political prisoners.

Veer Savarkar was a revolutionary nationalist born on 28th May 1883. Savarkar's revolutionary activities began while studying in India and England, where he was associated with the India House and founded student societies including Abhinav Bharat Society and the Free India Society, as well as publications espousing the cause of complete Indian independence by revolutionary means. Savarkar published The Indian War of Independence about the Indian rebellion of 1857 that was banned by British authorities. He was arrested in 1910 for his connections with the revolutionary group India House. Following a failed attempt to escape while being transported from Marseilles, Savarkar was sentenced to two life terms of imprisonment totaling fifty years and was moved to the Cellular Jail in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, but released in 1921.

Sikhs and Hindu Punjabis in USA started Ghadr movement to free India from British rule in early 1900's. It took the name from a weekly paper Ghadar published in commemoration of the Revolt of 1857. It was founded by Sohan Singh Bhakna and Lala Hardayal. Its aim was to get rid of the colonial super-power by means of an armed struggle and to set up a national democratic government on the sub-continent. 

Vasudev Balwant Phadke is often called the father of the Indian armed rebellion. He organized an armed struggle against the British in the 1870s, which included raids for funds.

Sikhs and Hindu Punjabis in USA started Ghadr movement to free India from British rule in early 1900's. It took the name from a weekly paper Ghadar published in commemoration of the Revolt of 1857. It was founded by Sohan Singh Bhakna and Lala Hardayal. Its aim was to get rid of the colonial super-power by means of an armed struggle and to set up a national democratic government on the sub-continent. 

On April 8, 1929, Bhagat Singh, along with Batukeshwar Dutt, hurled two bombs inside the Central Legislative Assembly in New Delhi. It was done to protest against the Defence of India Act. The bomb neither killed nor injured anyone. Singh and Dutt both were sentenced to ‘Transportation for Life‘ for the bombing on 12 June 1929.

Bhagat Singh, Rajguru and Sukhdev were tried for Saunders’ murder which is also known as the Lahore conspiracy case which was to avenge the death of Lala Lajpat Rai. They were found guilty and sentenced to death. They were hanged on 23 March, 1931.

Jatin Das famously wrote this sentiment while on his hunger strike in Lahore jail, emphasizing the sacrifice of the individual for the nation's freedom.

The Hindustan Republican Association (HRA) was formed in October 1924 during a meeting held in Kanpur by revolutionaries like Sachindra Nath Sanyal and Jogesh Chandra Chatterjee.

Ram Prasad Bismil was the famous freedom fighter who was involved in the historic Kakori train robbery. It was political robbery and the incident took place at the small town Karori. The incident of Kakori was conspired because they needed money for revolutionary act against British atrocities.

In 1921 the slogan was first coined by Urdu poet and freedom fighter Hasrat Mohani. Inquilab zindabad which literally means long live the revolution inspired many of the freedom fighters. Bhagat Singh, Batuk Dutta, and Chandra Sekhar Azad were overwhelmed by this slogan and started using it. Later it was used as the slogan for their party Hindustan Socialist Republican Association. 

The slogan 'Inquilab Zindabad' was given by Hasrat Mohani and it was first raised by  Bhagat Singh during the late 1920s through his speeches and writings It was also the official slogan of the Hindustan Socialist Republican Association.

Bhagat Singh was a key leader and the principal secretary of the Hindustan Socialist Republican Association (HSRA) when it was reorganized in 1928-1929.

Mitra Mela, a secret organization of the revolutionaries was established by Vinayak Damodar Savarkar at Nashik in 1899. It was later renamed Abhinav Bharat Society in 1904. It believed in overthrow of British rule by armed rebellion and therefore carried out a few assassinations of British officials, after which the Savarkar brothers were convicted and imprisoned.

Rash Behari Bose threw a bomb on Viceroy Lord Hardinge and this event in history is called Delhi Conspiracy case of Delhi-Lahore Conspiracy.It took place in 1912 and was an attempt to assassinate the then Viceroy of India, Lord Hardinge, on the occasion of transferring the capital of British India from Calcutta to New Delhi.

World Socialist Conference held at Stuggart in 1907 dealt largely with matters of militarism, colonialism, and women's suffrage. Madam Bhikaji Cama attended this conference and highlighted the plight of Indians under the British rule. She appealed for human rights, equality and autonomy from Great Britain

Rash Behari Bose succeeded in managing his escape to Japan in 1915 after the failure of the Ghadar movement. The Ghadar movement revolutionaries tried to trigger a mutiny in the British Indian army but failed. Most of the revolutionaries were arrested.

Anusheelan Samiti was a secret revolutionary society formed by Pramathanath Mitra in Bengal. It challenged the British rule in India by engaging in militant nationalism including bombings, assassinations, and politically-motivated violence. Some of its members were Sri Aurobindo , Deshabandhu Chittaranjan Das, Surendranath Tagore, Bagha Jatin, Barindra Ghosh etc.

Surya Sen was a revolutionary noted for leading the 1930 Chittagong armoury raid In Chittagong of Bengal in British India. He led a group of revolutionaries in 1930 to raid the armoury of police and auxiliary forces from the Chittagong armoury. It was an attempt to isolate Chittagong from the rest of British India by cutting all channels of communication.

Bhagat Singh was a socialist who believed in creating an egalitarian society based on social justice and equality. He was deeply influenced by the Russian Revolution and its various leaders like Lenin and Trotsky.

India House was established as a student residence in London by Shyamji Krishna Verma. It used to grant scholarships to Indian youths for higher studies in England and promote nationalist views among the Indian students. It existed between 1905 and 1910.

Ghadar party was an extremist revolutionary organisation founded by Sikhs in the US and Canada with the aim of securing India's independence from British rule. It was founded by Lala Hardayal and Sohan Singh Bhakna in the year 1913. The party had its headquarters in San Francisco. Its key members were Bhai Parmanand, Kartar Singh Sarabha, Abdul Hafiz Mohamed Barakatullah, Rashbehari Bose and Gulab Kaur.

Curzon Wyllie, an Indian army officer, and later an official of the British Indian Government was shot by Madanlal Dhingra. Madanlal Dhingra was an Indian revolutionary independence activist. This act was one of the first acts of revolution in the Indian independence movement in the 20th century.

Anushilan Samiti was one of the secret revolutionary organisations operating in Bengal in the first quarter of the 20th century. It was founded by Satish Chandra Basu. The people associated with this samiti were Sri Aurobindo , Deshabandhu Chittaranjan Das, Surendranath Tagore, Jatindranath Banerjee, Bagha Jatin, etc.

The Kakori conspiracy was the most important action of the Hindustan Republic Association (HRA). The revolutionaries held up the 8-Down train travelling from Shahjahanpur to Lucknow at Kakori, an obscure village near Lucknow and looted its official railway cash. Government crackdown after Kakori led to arrests of many, of whom 17 were jailed, 4 transported for life and 4 - Bismil, Ashfaqullah, Roshan Singh and Rajendra Lahiri were hanged.

During the Freedom struggle, some of the radicals set themselves for armed revolution. They were called as Revolutionary Nationalists. Some noteworthy revolutionaries were Vinayak Damodar Savarkar, Khudiram Bose, Chandrashekhar Azad and Bhagat Singh.

The Kakori conspiracy was the most important action of the Hindustan Republic Association (HRA). The revolutionaries held up the 8-Down train travelling from Shahjahanpur to Lucknow at Kakori, an obscure village near Lucknow and looted its official railway cash. Government crackdown after Kakori led to arrests of many, of whom 17 were jailed, 4 transported for life and 4 - Bismil, Ashfaqullah, Roshan Singh and Rajendra Lahiri were hanged.

Anushilan Samiti was one of the secret revolutionary organisations operating in Bengal in the first quarter of the 20th century. It was the first revolutionary organisation in Bengal and was founded by Satish Chandra Basu. The people associated with this samiti were Sri Aurobindo , Deshabandhu Chittaranjan Das, Surendranath Tagore, Jatindranath Banerjee, Bagha Jatin, etc.

During the Freedom struggle, some of the radicals set themselves for armed revolution. They were called as Revolutionary Nationalists. V.D. Savarkar setup a secret organisation called Mitra Mela in 1899.

During the Freedom struggle, some of the radicals set themselves for armed revolution. They were called as Revolutionary Nationalists. Khudiram was the first martyr to be hanged in the history of Indian freedom struggle (1908). At that time his age was just 19 years. He was sentenced to death for attacking and killing three Britishers in Muzaffarpur, Bihar in 1908. 

The Alipore Bomb Case was the trial of a number of revolutionaries of the Anushilan Samiti in Calcutta under charges of waging war against the Government. Among the famous accused were Aurobindo Ghosh, his brother Barin Ghosh as well as 37 other Bengali nationalists of the Anushilan Samiti. Sri Aurobindo was acquitted of all charges while some were given varying terms of imprisonment or transportation, etc

Hindustan Republican Association (HRA) was a revolutionary organization of India established in 1924 at village Bholachang in East Bengal by Sachindra Nath Sanyal, Narendra Mohan Sen, and Pratul Ganguly as an offshoot of Anushilan Samiti. Its objective was to establish a “Federated Republic of the United States of India” through an organized and armed revolution.

Lala Lajpat Rai died on November 17, 1928, after suffering grievous injuries during a lathi-charge carried out by the police. Bhagat Singh and Shivaram Rajguru shot and killed assistant superintendent of police John Saunders.on December 17, 1927. However, their original target was not Saunders but the superintendent of police James Scott who had ordered his men to lathi-charge.

Jatindra Nath Das (Jatin Das) died in Lahore Jail on September 13, 1929, after a 63-day hunger strike to protest the poor conditions of political prisoners.

Rash Behari Bose attempted to assassinate Lord Hardinge on 23 December 1912 after Lord Hardinge was returning from the Delhi Darbar of King George V. He was hunted by the British police due to his participation in the failed bomb hurling attempt. His aim was to prove to the world that Indians do not accept the subjection of his country to foreign rule by consent, but by force of military power.

Kakori Conspiracy Case was an armed robbery on August 9, 1925, of a train at the town of Kakori. It also refers to its subsequent court trial that recommended death sentences for some freedom fighters. Ram Prasad Bismil, Ashfaqulla Khan, and Roshan Singh were sentenced to death. It was the first organized ‘crime’ of HRA.

Surya Sen was a Bengali independence fighter who led the 1930 Chittagong armoury raid. He made a revolt against British rule in Chittagong and banished British reign for a few days. One of his successful undertakings was a robbery at the treasury office at the Bengal-Assam Railway at Chittagong on December 23, 1933 in broad daylight.

Jatin Das is the revolutionary who sacrificed his life after a 63-day hunger strike in Lahore jail.

The Komagata Maru incident, where Indian passengers were denied entry to Canada and subsequently faced violence upon returning to India, served as a major catalyst for the Ghadar movement.

The founding president of Ghadar Party was Sohan Singh Bhakna. The aim of the party was to rid of the colonial super-power by means of an armed struggle and to set up a national democratic government on the sub-continent. The party was multi-ethnic and had Hindu, Sikh and Muslim leaders with its headquarters San Francisco.

Chandra Shekhar Azad was not involved in a 'New Delhi Conspiracy' case; he was famously associated with the Kakori conspiracy and the HSRA. The other pairs are correctly matched.

Anusheelan Samiti was a secret revolutionary society formed by Pramathanath Mitra. It challenged the British rule in India by engaging in militant nationalism including bombings, assassinations, and politically-motivated violence. Some of its members were Sri Aurobindo , Deshabandhu Chittaranjan Das, Surendranath Tagore, Bagha Jatin, Barindra Ghosh etc.