Avogadro hypothesis - class-XII

At STP,  1 mole of gas occupies $22.4l$.

According to the Avogadro's principal, every gas have the same number of moles in the same volume at constant temperature and pressure.

$1 \space Mole$ of gas at STP occupy $22.4 \space Litres$ of gas

Avogadro's law states that, "equal volumes of all gases, at the same temperature and pressure, have the same number of molecules". For a given mass of an ideal gas, the volume and amount (moles) of the gas are directly proportional if the temperature and pressure are constant.

Avagadro stated that when two identical containers are filled with different gases at same pressure and temperature, they contain same number of particles.

In order to solve this problem, we would use the ideal gas law formula PV = nRT 

at STP standard temp and pressure is 1 atm and 273k

we have 

P = 1atm, n = $\dfrac{17.75}{70.90}$ mole = 0.250, R = $0.0821$ $atm*L/mol*K$ , T=$273K$

V = $\dfrac {nRT}{P}$

= $0.250\times 0.0821\times 273$

= $5.6L$

answer is A

Molar mass of a compound describes the total mass of $6.023 \times 10^{23}$ atoms or particles of the compound.

1 mole of $CO _2$ contains 1 $N _A$ molecules. ( $N _A=6.023\times10^{23}$)

Avogadro's law: Equal volumes of gases at the same temperature and pressure contain equal numbers of molecules.

20 g of argon is 0.5 moles and it occupies $(0.5\times 22400=)11200\ cm^3$ at STP.
20 g of Neon is 1 mole and occupies a volume of $22400\ cm^3$ at STP.

According to avogadro's hypothesis, equal volumes of gases under the same conditions of temperature and pressure will contain, the same no. of molecules.

A carbon atom weighs 12 AMU, one AMU is equivalent to $1.66 \times 10^{-24}$ grams. Conversely, one gram is equivalent to $6.022 \times 10^{23}$ AMU, which is called Avogadro's number

Molecular mass of $C _{60}H _{122}=(60 \times 12+1 \times 122)=720+122=842$

The equation for the reaction between nitrogen and oxygen to form Nitrogen (lll) oxide is written as:
$2N _{2} + 3O _{2} \rightarrow 2N _{2}O _{3}$
Therefore the volume ratio of reactants and products $= 2 : 3 : 2$

The equation for the combustion reaction of ethane can be written as :
$2C _{2}H _{6} + 7O _{2} \rightarrow 4CO _{2} + 6H _{2}O$
Therefore the volume ratio of reactants and products $= 2 : 7 : 4 : 6$

According to Avogadro's law: Equal volume of all gases at same temperature and pressure will have same no. of molecules.

Avogadro's Law :
It states "equal volumes of any two gases at the same temperature and pressure contain the same number of molecules".

According to Avogadro's law, 1 mole of every gas occupies 22.4L at $NTP$.

Mass of one atom = $1.66 \times 10^{-26} g$
$1.66 \times 10^{-26} gm \rightarrow 1 , atom$
$1 , gm \rightarrow \dfrac{1}{1.66 \times 10^{-26}} $ atom
$= 6.024 \times 10^{25} atom$

Avogadro's number (6.022 x 10^23) represents the number of particles (atoms or molecules) in exactly one mole of a substance, regardless of the temperature or pressure.

As both have same volume and according to avagadro's law, equal volume of gases contains equal molecules so sulphur dioxide contains N molecules.

According to avagadro's law, equal volume of gases contains equal number of molecules. Therefore,  20 litres of ammonia will contain x number of molecule. 

Avogadro's law states that, "equal volumes of all gases, at the same temperature and pressure, have the same number of molecules" so same volume of nitrogen will have X number of molecules.

 Avogadro law: It states that equal volumes of all gases under the same conditions of temperature and pressure contain the equal number of molecules. 

Under similar conditions of temperature and pressure, equal volume of gas contains equal number of molecules.
$\therefore 1\ L=N$ molecules
$2\ L=2\ N$ molecules

Avogadro's hypothesis: Equal volume of all gases have equal number of molecules (not atoms) at same temperature and pressures conditions.

According to Avogadro's law, all gases at same temperature and pressure will contain same number of molecules. Hence, number of molecules of all gases will be same bt ration of atoms of each gases will $2:1:2:3$.

$6.02\times 10^{24}$ molecules of $CO=6.02\times 10^{23}\times 10$ i.e.., 10 moles of CO.
10 moles of CO contains 10 gm atoms of oxygen i.e.  5 gm molecules of oxygen.
hence the correct answer is A the given assertion is correct and reason is the correct explanation to the assertion.

Molecular mass of $SO _2$ is 64. 

The expression $\displaystyle 10\times \left( 6.022\times { 10 }^{ 23 } \right)/ 55.9$ is equal to the number of iron (Fe) atoms present in 10.0 g Fe.
The atomic mass of Fe is 55.9 g/mol.
The mass of Fe is 10.0 g. Mass is divided with atomic mass to obtain number of moles.
The number of moles of Fe $ =  \dfrac {10.0}{55.9}$ moles.
The number of moles is multiplied with avogadro's number to obtain the number of Fe atoms.
The number of Fe atoms  $ =  \dfrac {10.0}{55.9} \times 6.023 \times 10^{23}$.

1 mole nitrogen contains $6.02\times10^{23}$ nitrogen molecules.

Avogadro constant $=6.022\times { 10 }^{ 23 }$

$1\space mole$ of $NH _3$ has $6.023 \times 10^{23}$ molecules of $NH _3$.

The atomic weight of bromine is 80.

$1\space mole$ of a compound has $6.023\times 10^{23}$ molecules in it.

Molar mass of $Al(OH) _3 = 27 + 3\times 16 + 3\times 1 = 78\space g$

Given, $2K(s) + 2H _2O(l) \rightarrow 2KOH(aq) + H _2 (g)$

Using ideal gas law: PV =nRT

$1\space mole$ of $(NH _4) _2SO _4$ has $6.023 \times 10^{23}$ formula units.

So, the mass of $6.023 \times 10^{23}$ formula units of $(NH _4) _2SO _4$. is molar mass of $(NH _4) _2SO _4$

Molar mass of $(NH _4) _2SO _4$ $= 2(14 + 4) + 32 + 4\times 16 = 132 \space g$

Avagadro constant i.e. $6.023 \times 10^{23}$ particles is the number of constituent particles, usually atoms or molecules, that are contained in the amount of substance given by $1\space mole$. 

Volume occupied by 1 mole of any gas at STP is 22.4 litres. Therefore, in the question, we are given 1 mole of $Cl _2$ gas, which weigh 71 g.

Moles of $H _2SO _4=$ Molarity of $H _2SO _4\times $ Volume of solution $(L)$

Given :

One molecule of $CO$ contains one oxygen atom
$\therefore 6.02\times { 10 }^{ 24 }\quad $ molecules of $CO$ contain $6.02\times { 10 }^{ 24 }$ oxygen atoms
$6.02\times { 10 }^{ 23 }$ atoms of oxygen $\equiv$ $1g$ atom of oxygen
$\therefore 6.02\times { 10 }^{ 24 }$ atoms of oxygen $\equiv$ $10g$ atom of oxygen.

At a given volume at constant temperature and pressure, two gases have equal no. of moles 

Avogadro’s Law states that under same conditions of temperature and pressure, equal volume of all the gases contain equal number of molecules.

Reaction:
$N _2+3H _2  \rightarrow 2NH _3$
 1     3               2
so 4 litre of nitrogen will produce 8 litre of $NH _3$

Since volume is a dependent variable and it depends on pressure and temperature always so temperature and pressure should be specified when volume of gas is considered. For this certain standard conditions are taken as 273 K and 1 atm pressure.
And at STP, molar volume is 22.4 litre.

Let the formula of ozone be $\displaystyle O _n $
When a certain quantity of oxygen was ozonised in suitable apparatus, the volume decreased by 4 ml.
$\displaystyle  nO _2 \rightleftharpoons 2O _n $
$\displaystyle n-2 \propto 4 $
On addition of turpentine the volume further decreased by 8ml. All volumes were measured at the same temperature and pressure.
$\displaystyle  8mL = 2\times 4mL $
$\displaystyle 2=2n-4 $
$\displaystyle 6=2n $
$\displaystyle  n=3$
Thus, the formula of ozone is $\displaystyle O _3 $.

Statement 1: At the same temperature and pressure, 1 L of hydrogen gas and  1 L of neon gas have the same volume.
Statement 2: Equal volumes of ideal gases at the same temperature and pressure contain the same number of moles.
For example, 1 mole of any gas at STP will occupy a volume of 22.4 L.
Hence, statement 1 is not correct but statement 2 is correct.

Avogadro's law (sometimes referred to as Avogadro's hypothesis or Avogadro's principle) is an experimental gas law relating volume of a gas to the amount of substance of gas present.
Avogadro's law states that, "equal volumes of all gases, at the same temperature and pressure, have the same number of molecules".
For a given mass of an ideal gas, the volume and amount (moles) of the gas are directly proportional if the temperature and pressure are constant.

(A) : Volume and number of moles, : at constant pressure.
Avogadro Law: At the same condition of temperature and pressure the volume of the gas is directly proportional to the number of the moles.

Avogadro’s law states that under the same conditions of temperature and pressure, equal volumes of different gases contain an equal number of molecules. This empirical relation can be derived from the kinetic theory of gases under the assumption of a perfect (ideal) gas. The law is approximately valid for real gases at sufficiently low pressures and high temperatures.
At STP, all gas have same volume for 1 mol of gas and that volume is always equal to the 22.4 L.