The first world war - class-VIII

While Italy was a part of Triple Alliance, it didn't participate much in World War 1 in the beginning but later in 1915 they entered into a secret contract with the Triple Entente , which was treaty of London, where Italy was guaranteed colonies and Italy switched sides in 1915 and went against Central Powers. 

During World War I, as women entered the workforce in large numbers to replace men, practical clothing such as trousers became necessary and increasingly common.

The Versailles Treaty (1919) forced Germany to pay reparations of the First World War.

World War I began in July 1914 following the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand in Sarajevo.

The League of Nations was founded in 1920 as a result of the Paris Peace Conference that ended World War I, intended to maintain world peace.

The Paris Peace Treaty or Treaty of  Versailles was signed in the aftermath of the first world war. It was signed in 1919 to conclude the peace between parties of the first world war. It put reparations on the loosing parties and held Germany responsible for the war. It later became one of the reasons for the occurrence of second world war in 1939.

The First World War fought from 1914-1918 between the Allied powers and the Central Powers. Central powers during World War I were Germany, Austria-Hungary and Turkey whereas the powers who fought in opposition of Central powers were known as Allied powers. The major Allied Powers were Great Britain, The Russian Empire and France. 

The Central Powers, consisting of Germany, Austria-Hungary, the Ottoman Empire and Bulgaria also known as the Quadruple Alliance was one of the two main factions during World War I (1914-18). It was defeated by the Allied Powers that had formed around the Triple Entente.
The Triple Entente refers to the understanding linking the Russian Empire, the French Third Republic, and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. The understanding between the three powers was a powerful counterweight to the Triple Alliance of Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy.

The League of Nations came into existence in 1919 in order to prevent any future occurrences of war like the World War 1. But, the Second World War broke out and caused utmost misery and death in the human history. It also changed the social, political and economic changes in the world. Thus, in the place of League of Nations, United Nations Organization came into existence.

The First World War was fought between the Central Powers of Germany, Austria-Hungary and the Ottoman Empire against the Allied forces of Great Britain, the United States, France, Russia, Italy and Japan between 1914 and 1918.  It ended with the defeat of the Central Powers.

The First World War was fought from 1914-1918 between Allied and Central powers. The major allied powers in WWI were Great Britain, France and The Russian empire. America entered the war in 1917. Germany, Austria- Hungary, Turkey formed Central Powers during the First World War.

The above statement is false because, Germany fought against The Triple Entente, which consisted of British , France and Russia and Germany fought alongside Austria-Hungary(Hapsburg Empire), Bulgaria and Ottoman Empire(Now Turkey) which were known as Central Powers.

The decline of the British economy was driven by competition, loss of markets, and industrialization elsewhere; high wages in colonies were not a primary cause of Britain's domestic economic crumbling.

The immediate cause for the First World War was the assassination of the crown prince of Austria i.e. Archduke Franz Ferdinand and his wife on 28 June 1914. The ww1 began a month later i.e on 28th July 1914. Austria attacked Serbia starting the First World War.

Woodrow Wilson was the President of USA during World War 1. During World War, he decided to keep USA neutral by not supporting either of the two fronts. However later on in 1917 when Germany sank their ships, he called on Congress and declared war against Germany. Later he came up with a proposal of League of Nations during peace treaty. 

Indian Muslims turned against the British post The Great War (aka The First World War), because British waged a war against Central Powers and Ottoman Empire (Now Turkey) wasn't active initially and South Asian Muslims have already started fighting the war for Great Britain, and later Ottoman Empire entered the war alongside the Central Powers, and the Indian Muslims, were fighting against their brothers, and moreover they were afraid as to what would happen to Islamic Centres, around the world if the Caliphate (Islamic state under leadership of Caliph) falls and eventually Ottoman Empire was dissolved and hence, Indian Muslims turned against British post World War 1..

The above statement is false because, Germany fought against The Triple Entente, which consisted of British , France and Russia and Germany fought alongside Austria-Hungary(Hapsburg Empire), Bulgaria and Ottoman Empire(Now Turkey) which were known as Central Powers

First World War also known as 'The War to end all the Wars' and 'The Great War', broke out between two alliances of Europe named Triple Entente, which consisted of British, France and Russia and Triple Alliance which consisted of Germany, Austria-Hungary and Italy, it all started when Austria-Hungary declared war against Serbia, accusing them of assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand and his wife Sophie, one after other entered the war and it soon turned out to be a global affair.

Germany was fighting it's war in Africa too, and one of it's colonies in Africa was German East Africa(GEA), other colonies were defeated during the war, they were German South West Africa, Kamerun(now Cameroon) and Togoland, GEA which was led by Colonel Paul von Lettow-Vorbeck, fought throughout the war, for 4 years and later when they got to know of the armistice, they surrendered to British on 25 Novemeber ,1918.

In 1914, a war began in Europe which soon engulfed almost the entire world with the battles fought in Europe, Asia, Africa & the Pacific. It was fought on a worldwide scale & affected almost all the countries of the world. This war was fought by the people as a whole. Because of the unprecedented extent of its spread, impact & damage & its total nature, it is known as the First World War.

During 1914, defense alliances existed between European countries. According to that Austria-Hungary was backed by Germany, they were called as Central Powers and they were fighting up against Britain, France, Russia and were called as Triple Entente. Belgium was neutral during the war, however, to reach Paris, Germany invaded Belgium. 

The First World War, was fought between 1914-1918, in Europe by two sections, known as triple entente and triple alliance, this war was sparked with the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand, of Austria-Hungary, and Serbia was blamed for the assassination and it was sent a declaration of war on 28 July,1914 and hence started war and it came to an end four years later, on 11 June 1918.

Central Powers:  Austria-Hungary, Germany, Bulgaria and the Ottoman Empire.

Allied powers:  Serbia, Russia, France, the United Kingdom, Italy, Belgium and the United States.

Central Powers consisted of Austria-Hungary, Germany, Bulgaria and the Ottoman Empire.

Allied Powers consisted of Serbia, Russia, France, the United Kingdom, Italy, Belgium and the United States.

European countries were the super powers , economically strong and colonially strong, with a huge army, but with the onset of world war , all the European nation's economy plummeted and new nations were formed and colonies were lost, and while all this was going on with Europe, America was on rise , it was economically strong and defeated the central powers, all the resources to entente were supplied by  USA, and that's how it grew economically strong and then , USA could be the only that Europe might listen to because . entente might be biased in forming league, and hence ,USA played an important role in forming League of Nations.

The term 'Lost Generation' refers to the generation that came of age during World War I, characterized by a sense of disillusionment and cynicism toward traditional societal values.

The assassination of the Austrian Prince Francis Ferdinand and his wife Sophia was the immediate cause of the First World War. On June 28, 1914 the Archduke Ferdinand & his wife Sophia were assassinated by a student of the ‘Black hand’, a revolutionary-organisation, at Sarajevo, the Capital of Serbia.

The American reaction to Germany's announced intention of resuming unrestricted submarine warfare, violating the Sussex Pledge, was to declare war on Germany.

Fourteen points was devised by Woodrow Wilson, and was addressed at Treaty Of Versailles, Wilson was idealistic, but he was less certain as to how they were going to be achieved and his thought eventually gave rise to League of Nations, but that wasn't effective and later Second World War broke out and later United Nations was only able to make peace among nations, which League of Nations hoped to do. Woodrow Wilson was awarded Nobel Peace Prize for devising League Of Nations in 1919.

In 1917, USA entered World War 1, after repeated warnings given to Germany, as it was sinking merchant ships and later, Germany sunk Lusitania, an american boat, after that event President called for a declaration of war against Germany and was granted by the congress.

Treaty of Versailles, was signed on 10 January, 1920, and the above mentioned all the options were a part of the treaty, and anything related to soviet union wasn't mentioned, and soviet union came into existence later in 1922.

Henry Cabot Lodge was a U.S. Senator who led the opposition to the Treaty of Versailles in the United States, preventing its ratification; he was not a signatory.

The term "dogfights" refers to aerial combat between fighter planes used by both sides in World War I.

The Moroccan Crisis and Bosnian Crisis both divided the world powers into two major groups and ultimately led to the first world war.

Post-WWI economies in Europe suffered from massive debt, infrastructure destruction, and high unemployment as soldiers returned home and industries struggled to convert to peacetime production.

The Central Powers during World War I primarily consisted of the German Empire, the Austro-Hungarian Empire, and the Ottoman Empire (Turkey).

Germany fought against the Allied Powers, which included England, France, and Russia, among others, during World War I.

One of the most significant consequences of the War was the creation of the League of Nations. The horrors of War convinced the leaders of the world that there must be a mechanism to prevent War and promote international cooperation. This culminated in the setting up of the League of Nations.

The Treaty of Versailles imposed harsh reparations and territorial losses on Germany, creating deep resentment that contributed to the rise of Nazism and the outbreak of World War II.

The Treaty of Versailles was signed on June 28, 1919, exactly five years after the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand.

With the end of the First World War, three empires came to an end and the Ottoman Empire, Austria-Hungary Empire, and German Empire. Austria-Hungary were dissolved and formed new nations and so was Ottoman and Germany became a republic.

Following the defeat of the Central Powers in World War I, the Ottoman Empire collapsed and was replaced by the modern, secular Republic of Turkey under Mustafa Kemal Ataturk.

The Russian Revolution of 1917 is historically categorized as a socialist revolution. It led to the establishment of the Soviet Union, which was based on socialist principles.

Balkan area was once a part of the Turkish Empire.

The name is still preserved in Central Asia with the Balkan Daglary (Balkan Mountains) and the Balkan Province of Turkmenistan.

In Turkish Balkan means a chain of wooded mountains.

The Triple Alliance linking Germany with Austria-Hungary and Italy. It was signed in
1882, in the days of Chancellor Bismarck. The German Reich and the Austro-Hungarian
Empire constituted the core of this alliance. 

On May 7, 1915, a German U-boat torpedoed the British-owned luxury steamship Lusitania and killed 1,128 people including 128 Americans. The disaster immediately caused tension in relations between Germany and the neutral United States, fueled anti-German sentiment and set off a chain of events that eventually led to the United States entering World War I.

The first world war which took place during 1914-1918 and in which United States lately played a key role, emerged as the victor. Aftermath of first world war, Britain lost the super power status and United States emerged as the Super power of the world. US president Woodrow Wilson also promoted liberal and democratic values which also put a soft power influence on the world.

The Sarajevo Incident refers to the series of Events encompassing the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand and his wife during a state visit to Sarajevo on 28 June 1914. He and his wife, Sophie was shot down by a Serbian nationalist while passing through the streets in a motorcade on 28 June 1914, earlier that morning another Serbian nationalist threw a bomb on the car of Archduke while exploded below another Car. Austria and Hungary in alliance with Germany declared war on Serbia. This led to the First world war in successive events.

An
international organization which was created after the First World War to
provide a forum for resolving international disputes was known as League of
Nations. It was headquartered in Geneva, Switzerland. It stopped border
disputes turning into wars. It solved the
border dispute between Iraq and Turkey. Turkey was claiming Mosul situated in Iraq
as its own part. But when the League rejected Turkey’s claim to Mosul, Turkey
agreed.

The League of Nations (LON) was founded as a result of the Paris Peace Conference that ended the First World War. It was the first permanent international organization whose principal mission was to maintain world peace. Its primary goals, as stated in its Covenant, included preventing war through collective security and disarmament, and settling international disputes through negotiation and arbitration.

The Triple Alliance was a secret agreement between Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy. It was formed in 1882 to counter the Triple Entente.

Following are the objective of League of Nations-:

• To establish world peace and security.
  
• To establish friendly and cooperative relations between the nations.
  
• To solve the international issues with peace avoiding the wars.
  
• Obeying the International Law.
  

The assassination of the royal representative of Austria was an incentive for the nation to smother Serbia. Austria imposed unacceptable demands on Serbia. Serbia was given only 48 hours to fulfill those demands. At that time Russia supported and gave military help to Serbia. After getting support from Russia, Serbia denied the demands of Austria as a result the international conflict of the First World War got under way and Austria declared war against Serbia on 28th July 1914.

Among the international workers unions of the League of Nations, there were International workers organization, International Intellectual and Educational Organization, Economic Committee, etc. League of Nations also established a committee to look after the administration of the defeated nations in the First World War.

A political revolution took place in Turkey in 1908. Taking full advantage of this situation, Austria annexed Bosnia and Herzegovina, the regions of Balkan, Bulgeria too declared itself as an independent country.

Due to the geographical importance of Balkan Area England, France and Russia interfered into the politics of this area. Russia began to exert pressure on the Balkan region as the citizens of this region were slav by race. England and France felt that the route to Asia via Mediterranean sea would thus be endangered for their interest. Therefore England and France interfered in this region as they did not want Russian power there.

The east European region under the Ottoman empire of Turkey was known as the 'Balkan Area'.

On 10th Jan 1920 at Geneva in Switzerland the League of Nations was founded. At the beginning only 32 Nations were the part of the League of Nations but later on the number increased.

Born with the will of the victors of the First World War to avoid a repeat of a devastating war, the League of Nations objective was to maintain universal peace within the framework of the fundamental principles of the Pact accepted by its Members. The headquarters is located in Geneva, Switzerland. 

During the First World War Japan participated in the war from 1914- 1918 in an alliance with Great Britain. Japan played an important role in securing the sea lanes in the West Pacific and Indian Oceans. Japan was an ally of Great Britain since 1902 and Japan had no affection for Russia.

A German statesman offered Mexico a secret alliance in which Mexico would attack the United States to divert its attention. Not only was Germany's secret solicitation discovered; Mexico rejected it for a number of reasons. Mexican President had asked his military officers to examine Germany's offer, and they reported that the terms offered and the overall benefits would not make the plan feasible.

The Triple Entente was the understanding linking the Russian Empire, the French Third Republic, and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland after the signing of the Anglo-Russian Entente on 31 August 1907.

On 2 August 1914, the day before Germany declared war on France, the German government wrote to the Belgian government demanding the right of free passage across Belgium for its troops, so that the latter could most efficiently invade France and reach Paris.

On 3rd August 1914, as the Belgian refused to give passage, Germany declared war on France; the former invaded Belgium the next day, which resulted in Britain's entry into the war to defend Belgian neutrality.

Battle of Somme: The Battle of the Somme was a battle of the First World War fought by the armies of the British and French empires against the German Empire. This was considered largest battle of the First World War.

The Battle of the Marne was a First World War battle fought from 7–12 September 1914. It resulted in an Allied victory against the German Army. 

Battle of Gallipoli:  It was a campaign of World War I that took place on the Gallipoli peninsula in modern Turkey in the Ottoman Empire between 25 April 1915 and 9 January 1916.

The Battle of Antietam was an important battle in the American Civil War. The battle was fought on September 17, 1862 near Sharps burg, Maryland. It was the first major battle in the Civil War that happened in the Northern States.

Austria-Hungary made first declaration of war against Serbia because of assassination of the
Austrian Prince Francis Ferdinand and his wife Sophia on June 28, 1914. The Archduke Ferdinand along with his wife
Sophia were assassinated by a student of the ‘Black hand’, a revolutionary-organization,
at Sarajevo, the Capital of Serbia. Austria served an ultimatum on Serbia on July 23 making eleven demands. Serbia accepted most of them except those which would have led to the loss of her sovereignty. Austria declared war on Serbia on July 28, 1914.

The main terms of the Treaty of Versailles were:

• The Treaty declared Germany guilty of aggression.
• Germany was required to pay for the loss and damages suffered by the Allies during the war.
• Germany lost Alsace Lorraine to France
• Germany lost all her colonies to the victorious Allies.
• The Treaty affirmed the complete independence of Belgium, Poland, Czechoslovakia and Yugoslavia.
• The Covenant of the League of Nations was added to the Treaty of Versailles.

Historical estimates for casualties in the First World War vary, but 10 million is the commonly cited figure for military deaths. Total casualties, including civilian deaths, are often estimated much higher, but 10 million is the standard textbook answer for deaths.

The central Powers during the First World War were Austria–Hungary, Turkey, and Bulgaria.

On 28 June 1919, The Great War( World War 1) came to an end , with signing of Treaty of Versailles, the treaty was signed in Hall of Mirrors , Versailles, France. This treaty was signed by Germany and many restrictions were held by the Triple Entente , on Germany's military and geography,and massive amount was to be paid, by Germany to the Triple Entente , this treaty is considered as a humiliation by the Germans and the injustice done to Germany , in this treaty is said to be one of the reasons of world war 2.

World War 1, came to end on 11 June. 1918 and Central Powers lost the war, and Germany was part of it, and in Treaty Of Versailles, 1919, many restrictions were imposed on Germany, Germany's military, their geography, Germany's colonies were taken by Entente and Germany also had to pay reparations of $33 billion dollars to the Entente for civilian damage that was caused.

The Treaty of Versailles imposed severe military restrictions on Germany. This included a ban on armored vehicles, submarines, and military aircraft to prevent future aggression.

Under the Treaty of Versailles, the German Navy was significantly reduced. It was permitted to maintain only six pre-dreadnought battleships.

The Treaty of Versailles imposed restrictions on the German armed forces, not the English forces. The statement is historically inaccurate.