Substance Abuse and Drug Education

• Addiction is a psychological and physical inability to stop consuming a chemical, drug, activity, or substance.
• When a person has an addiction, and they stop taking the substance or engaging in the behaviour, they may experience symptoms. These symptoms include anxiety, irritability, tremors and shaking, nausea and vomiting, fatigue and a loss of appetite. 
• Hence, Withdrawal symptoms of drug addiction are Unpleasant symptoms shown due to non-availability of addicted drugs. 
• So, the correct answer is 'Unpleasant symptoms shown due to non-availability of addicted drugs'.

Sometimes, an addict can get a sample of heroin, which is adulterated with a dangerous poison, strychnine. Its injection is known as 'hot shot', which can cause quick death. 'hot shot' can also occur, when an addict, used to injecting heroin 3-5% purity, gets a purer blend of the  drug.
Thus, the correct answer is option (A), 'Injection'.

An average cup of tea contains approximately 20 - 30 mg of caffeine.

Habituation is becoming accustomed to any behaviors or condition, including psychoactive substance use. It is a desire but not a compulsion to continue taking the drug for the sense of improved well-being it engenders. This habituation is the initial stage of drug addiction,
Thus, the correct answer is option (B), 'Habituation'.

Nicotine is the primary addictive agent in cigarettes, chewing tobacco, cigars. Tobacco leads to nicotine dependence.
Thus, the correct answer is option (B), 'Nicotine.

Drug addiction psychological symptoms include:

• Unexplained change in personality or attitude
• Sudden mood swings, irritability, or angry outbursts
• Periods of hyperactivity, agitation or giddiness
• Lack of motivation, appears lethargic
• Appears fearful, anxious, or paranoid with no reason.

Tolerance is the resistance of a person when addicted to a drug and can withstand even in higher doses. Hence, the correct option is D.

Codeine is a moderately strong opiate drug that is used in pain relief and for the suppression of coughs. But strong or weak, it is still an addictive drug with many symptoms of use in common with other opiates. The road to addiction to codeine usually starts with an increasing tolerance to the drug.
Therefore, the correct answer is option B.

Cocaine is a powerful CNS( central nervous system) stimulant, which induces a sense of well-being and pleasure and delays fatigue. It causes lack of sleep, loss of appetite, headache, convulsions, insomnia, respiratory or cardiac failure and may lead to mental disorder.

Opiates are powerful painkillers and are made of opium, a white liquid in the poppy plant. Opiates produce a quick, intense feeling of pleasure followed by a sense of well-being and calm.
These include heroin, morphine, codeine, methadone, oxycontin etc.
Thus, the correct answer is option D.

Hallucinogens are drugs that generally produce dream-like state with disorientation and loss of contact with reality without any true sensory stimulus. These drugs change mood, behaviour, thoughts and perception in a manner like that of seen in psychosis. So, the correct answer is option C.

The products of hemp plant, cannabis sativa like Marijuana, Bhang, Ganja, Charas (also called as 'Hashish' in some countries like America) etc., Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) is present in hemp plant.

Cyclosporin is used as immuno depressant, this drug is derived from a fungus Trichoderma polysporum and inhibit the activity of helper - T cells, thus help to prevent rejection of organ transplant.

Some drugs cause foetal abnormalities, when given to a pregnant women. These are called teratogens. The most well-known synthetic teratogen is thalidomide.

Mescalin, LSD and hashish are hallucinogens and they affect the regions of the brain that are responsible for coordination, thought processes, hearing and sight.
Epinephrine is a hormone and a neurotransmitter. It binds to beta-adrenergic receptors on heart muscle cells. This causes the contraction rate of the heart to increase.
Thus, the correct answer is option B.

Marijuana is a hallucinogen that causes altered perception and feeling. They have powerful mind-altering effects and can affect the regions of the brain that are responsible for co-ordination, thought processes, hearing and sight.
Thus, the correct answer is option C.

Opiates e.g., morphine, heroin, pethidine (meperidine), codeine and methadone have narcotic, analgesic, sedative and anti-stringent (that cause contraction of body parts) effects.

Thromboangiitis obliterans, also called Buerger disease is a rare disease caused by small blood vessels that become inflamed and swollen. The blood vessels, then narrow or become completely blocked by the blood clots (Thrombosis). Blood vessels of the hand and feet are especially affected. This condition mostly affects young men, ages, 20-40, who are heavy smokers or chew tobacco.
Thus, the correct answer is option (A), 'Thromboangiitis obliterans'

Pathological impairment of memory is termed as amnesia. It is caused mainly due to some accident or on the prolonged medicinal dose. Cerebrum is mainly affected due to amnesia.

The narcotic drugs are the drugs that can reduce pain, induce a state of sedation or cause unconsciousness. These drugs are sometimes known as opoids because they act on the opioid receptors in the brain thereby altering feelings and thoughts.
Thus, the correct answer is option C.

Stimulant is any drug that excites any bodily function, but more specifically those that stimulate the brain and the central nervous system,
The major stimulant drugs are amphetamines and related compounds. Amphetamine achieve their effect by increasing the amount and activity of the neurotransmitter, norepinephrine within the brain.
The most commonly used amphetamines are amphetmiane sulfate (benzedrine), dextroamphetamine sulfate (dexedrine) and methamphetamine (methedrine).
Thus, the correct answer is option C.

All the given options are correct except that mescaline is a stimulant. Mescaline is a naturally occurring psychedelic alkaloid of the phenethylamine class, known for its hallucinogenic effects.
Thus, the correct answer is option (D), 'Mescaline is a stimulant.'.

Physical dependence refers to a state resulting from chronic use of a drug that has produced tolerance and where negative physical symptoms of withdrawal result from abrupt discontinuation or dosage reduction. Amphetamine is a potent CNS stimulant of the phenethylamine class that is used in the treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Of the given options, opiates, cannabis and cocaine are all drugs and shows physical dependence. 
So, the correct answer is option D.

LSD is hallucinogenic. Opium is highly addictive narcotic drug. Heroin is derived from the morphine alkaloid found in opium and is depressant drug. Cannabis is considered depressant. 
Cocaine  belongs to the family of stimulants, which stimulate the nervous system.
Thus, the correct answer is option (A), 'Cocaine'.

There are three major types of CNS stimulants which are currently abused in sports as: amphetamine, cocaine and caffeine. Each drug has its own characteristic mechanism of action on CNS neurones and their associated receptors and nerve terminals.
Thus, the correct answer is option C.

Claviceps Purpurea  is an ergot fungus that grows on the ears of rye and related cereal and forage plants. Ergot contains ergotamine, which is used to synthesize lysergic acid, an analog of and precursor for synthesis of LSD.
Thus, the correct answer is option (D), 'Claviceps Purpurea.

Amphetamines, sometimes called "speed" or "uppers," are central nervous system stimulant drugs, that increase alertness, self-confidence and concentration and decrease appetite, while creating a feeling of increased energy. The chemical structure is similar to the naturally occurring adrenaline and noradrenaline, that is produced by the body. 

Stimulants are psychoactive drugs that induce temporary improvements in either mental or physical functions or both. Some of these kinds of effects include enhanced alertness, wakefulness and locomotion. Some notable stimulants include caffeine, amphetamine and cocaine.
Thus. the correct answer is option D.

BetneIan is a synthetic glucocorticoid, the most active of the anti-inflammatory steroids.
Decadron is used in the treatment of cancer and is classified as a glucocorticosteroid.
Prednisolone is a synthetic glucocorticoid, a derivative of cortisol, which is used to treat a variety of inflammatory and auto-immune conditions.
Thus, the correct answer is option D

LSD is hallucinogen.
Heroin is an opium.
Benzodiazepine is a sedative.
Amphetamines is a stimulant and is used to treat narcolepsy and attention deficit disorder.
Therefore, the correct answer is option A.

Cocaine is a strong stimulant mostly used as a recreational drug.
Erythroxylon coca is the plant that contains vital nutrients as well as numerous alkaloids, including cocaine.

Amphetamine is a stimulant and an appetite suppressant. It stimulates the central nervous system by increasing the amount of  certain chemicals in the body. It brings increased activity and alertness.
But, it is illegal for athletes to take it.
Therefore, the correct answer is option E..

Caffeine is a central nervous system stimulant of the methylxanthine class of psychoactive drugs. It blocks the attachment of adenosine on its receptors. It is the mildest stimulant and is most widely consumed the psychoactive drug.
Thus, the correct answer is option B.

Cocaine is a powerful addictive stimulant drug made form the leaves of the coca plant native to South America.
LSD is synthesized from ergotamine, a fungus.
Heroin is opoid synthesized by adding two acetyl groups of the molecule of morphine.
Thus, the correct answer is option B.

Opium, narcotic drug that is obtained from unripe seedpods of the opium Poppy (Papaver somniferum), a plant of the family Papveraceae.
This raw opium may be ground into  powder or treated further to obtain derivatives such as morphine, hashish, codeine and heroin.
Thus, the correct answer is option A.

Charas is the name given to the hashish form of cannabis, which is handmade in India, Pakistan, Nepal and Jamaica. It is made from the resin of the cannabis plant, Cannabis sativa or Cannabis indica.

A 'flashback' or 'involuntary recurrent memory' is a psychological phenomenon in which an individual has a sudden, usually powerful, re-experiencing of a past experience or elements of a past experience.
Some drugs can cause a person to experience flashbacks, like lysergic acid diethylamide, cannabis. Flashbacks can occur long after having used psilocybin mushrooms.
Thus, the correct answer is option (D), 'All of the above'.

Psychedelic drug is a substance, whose primary action is to alter cognition and perception, typically by agonizing serotonin receptors. They are a part of hallucinogens. Psychedelic drugs include LSD or lysergic acid diethylamide, psilocybin mushrooms, mescaline, ibogeine, salvia and DMT.
Thus, the correct answer is option (A), 'Lysergic acid diethylamide'.

An opiate is a narcotic analgesic that directly depresses the central nervous system. Examples include various pain killers such as morphine, methadone, buprenorphine, hydrocodone, oxycodone, heroin, opium, pethidine.
Thus, the correct answer is option (D)

Opium can rightly be called 'the king of narcotics'. Perhaps no other narcotic enjoys so much popularity as opium. Strong addictive drugs, such as heroin are synthesized from it.
Thus, the correct answer is option (A), 'Opium'.

Charas is a form of hashish of cannabis. Marijuana and ganja are obtained from the hemp plant, cannabis. These all are hallucinogens meaning substance, which brings substantial changes in thoughts, emotion, and consciousness. It is a psychoactive drugs. So, the correct answer is option C.

Naloxone is a pure opoid antagonist. Naloxone  is a medication used to counter the effects of opoid especially in overdose. It will usually reverse the depression of the CNS, respiratory system and hypotension.
Thus, the correct answer is option (B), 'Opium'.

Resperine, is an indole alkaloid, antipsychotic and antihypertensive drug that has been used for the control of high BP. Resperine was isolated in 1952 from the dried root of Rauwolfia serpentina or Indian snakeroot and has been used for centuries in India for the treatment of insanity and for snake bites.
Thus, the correct answer is option (C), 'Rauwolfia'.

The dope test is used to test the levels of drugs in one's blood. A drunken person is not in his senses and usually talks nonsense.
Therefore, the correct answer is option D.

Hallucinogens are the chemicals which cause mind-altering effects, altered perception and feeling. LSD and marijuana are the examples of hallucinogens. They are not used as analgesics in clinical diagnostics. These drugs do not suppress the brain function. They activate the brain cells in order to perceive or feel what is not real. 

The Golden Crescent and Golden Triangle are the names given to Asia's two principal areas of illicit opium production, located at the crossroads of Central, South and Western Asia. Poppy is the plant  from which opium and poppy seeds are derived.
Thus, the correct answer is option (B), 'Poppy'.

LSD or Lysergic acid diethylamide is a psychoactive drug, well known for its psychological effects, which include altered thinking process, synesthesia, an altered sense of time and spiritual experiences. So, it is a hallucinogen. So, the correct answer is option C.

Psilocybin is naturally occurring psychedelic compound, which has mind-altering effects like visual and mental hallucinations.
Mescalin is a naturally occurring psychedelic alkaloid of the phenethylamine class, known for its hallucinogenic effects.
LSD or lysergic acid diethylamine is a psychedelic drug of the ergoline family, which is known very well for its hallucinogenic effect.
Thus, the correct answer is option (A), 'Hallucinogenic drug'.

Morphine is didehydro epoxy methylmorphinan diol.
Cannabis is tetrahydrocannabinol.
Heroin is diacetyl morphine.
Cocaine is benzoyl-methyl-ecgonine.
Hashish is similar to that of cannabis.
Thus, the correct answer is option C

Methadone is an opioid medication, sometimes called narcotic and is used as pain reliever and as part of drug addiction.
Methadone reduces withdrawal symptoms in people addicted to heroin or other drugs without causing the 'high' associated with the drug addiction.
Thus, the correct answer is option (A), 'Opiate narcotic'.

Wernicke's syndrome is caused by the lack of vitamin B$ _{1}$ and is common in people with alcoholism. It causes brain damage in the lower parts of the brain. So, vitamin B$ _{1}$ or thiamine and other vitamins must be taken to treat Wernicke's syndrome.
Thus, the correct answer is option (C), 'Thiamine and other types of vitamin B'.

Morphine is an opiate narcotic.
Cocaine is a stimulant.
Resperine is an anti-hypertensive drug.
Bhaang is the preparation from cannabis plant and is a hallucinogen.
Thus,the correct answer is option (D), 'Bhang-hallucinogen'.

LSD or lysergic acid diethylamide is a psychedelic drug of the ergoline family, known for its psychological effects, which include altered thinking processes, closed and open eye visuals, synaesthesia, an altered sense of time and spiritual experiences. So, it causes hallucinations.
So, the correct answer is option C.

Lysergic acid diethylamide or LSD is a psychedelic drug of the ergoline family which include altered thinking processes, closed and open-eye visuals, synesthesia, an altered sense of time. So, it is a hallucinogen.
Thus, the correct answer is option A.

Halucinogens are psychoactive agents which can cause hallucinations, perception anomalies and other substantial changes in thoughts, emotions and consciousness.  Marijauna, LSD and Ganja are all examples of hallucinogens.
Thus, the correct answer is option B.

Lysergic acid diethylamide or LSD is a psychedelic drug of the ergoline family - which include altered thinking processes, closed- and open-eye visuals, synesthesia, an altered sense of time. LSD can be derived from the ergot alkaloids, by the fungus Clavicep purpurea.
Thus, the correct answer is option B.

Opium is the dried latex obtained from the opium poppy or Papaver somniferum. The latex is obtained by scratching the immature seed pods or the fruits by hand (Traditional method). As a result, the latex leaks out and dries to a sticky yellowish residue that is later scraped off and dehydrated.
Thus, the correct answer is option B.

Opiates are a group of drugs that are used for treating pain. They are derived from opium which comes from the poppy plant. Opiates go by a variety of names including opiates, opioids and narcotics. The term opiates are sometimes used for close relatives of opium such as codeine, morphine and heroin.
Therefore, the correct answer is option A.

Heroin is a highly addictive illegal drug. It is used by millions of addicts around the world who are unable to overcome the urge to continue taking this drug everyday of their lives. Heroin is made from the resin of poppy plants, Milky, sap-like opium is first removed from the pod of the poppy flower. This opium is refined to make morphine, then further refined into different forms of the heroin
So, the correct answer is 'Heroin'

Opium is the dried latex obtained from the opium poppy (Papaver somniferum). There are many opium derivatives that are used widely in the medical field, such as morphine and codeine while others, like heroin are used on the streets.
Therefore, the correct answer is option D.

Opiates are medications that relieve pain. They reduce the intensity of the pain signals reaching the brain and affect those brain areas controlling emotions, which diminishes the effects of a painful stimulus.
Thus, the correct answer is option B.

A hallucinogen is a psychoactive agent which can cause hallucinations, perception anomalies and other substantial subjective changes in thoughts, emotion and consciousness.
LSD is the most powerful hallucinogenic (mind-altering) drug. It is 100 times more potent than hallucinogenic mushrooms. 
Therefore, the correct answer is option D.

Option a,b and d are major factors for motivating young generation towards drugs and alcohol where as option c is a preventive measure against addiction.

LSD is lysergic acid diethylamide. It is the one of the most potent, mood-changing chemicals. It is a hallucinogen and is well known for its psychological effects which can include altered thinking processes, closed and open-eye visuals, synesthesia, an altered sense of time and spiritual experiences.
Therefore, the correct answer is option D.

Morphine is an alkaloid obtained from opium (Papaver somniferum). It is used in medicine as pain killer. Morphine is an opioid analgesic drug and the main psychoactive chemical in opium. In clinical medicine, morphine is regarded as the gold standard in management of severe pain. Like other opioids, such as oxycodone, hydromorphone and heroin, morphine acts directly on the central nervous system (CNS) to relieve pain

Morphine is a derivative of the opium. It is the principal opium alkaloid and a strong analgesic. Diacetyl morphine hydrocloride is brown sugar / smack and is more powerful analgesic than morphine.

Cocaine (A) is a powerfully addictive stimulant drug made from the leaves of the coca plant.
LSD (B) or lysergic acid diethylamide is the most potent hallucinogen, that causes hallucinations.
Morphine (C) is an opioid pain-relieving drug.
Heroin is an opiate. It enters the brain rapidly and binds to opioid receptors on cells.
Thus, the correct answer is 'I-A, II-C and D, III-B'.

Cocaine is a local anesthetic and it also delays fatigue. However, it is anesthetic because when applied to certain areas of the body, it causes loss of feeling or numbness.
Therefore, the correct answer is option B.

Hallucinogens are natural and synthetic substances that when, ingested alter one's state of consciousness.
Cannabis, commonly known as marijuana is a psychoactive drug and is considered natural hallucinogen. LSD or lysergic acid diethylamide is a very strong hallucinogen. A form of LSD synthesized many important ergot alkaloids, which are all hallucinogens.
Amphetamine, on the other hand, is a potent CNS stimulant of the phenethylamine class used to treat narcolepsy and attention deficit disorder.
Thus, the correct answer is option (D), 'Amphetamine'.

Mescaline is a hallucinogen obtained from the small, spineless cactus Peyote (Lophophora williamsi). It is also found in certain members of the Fabaceae (bean family). Users typically experience visual hallucinations and radically altered states of consciousness, often experienced as pleasurable and illuminating but occasionally is accompanied by feelings of anxiety or revulsion. Other effects include open and closed eye visualisations, euphoria, dream-like state, laughter and a psychedelic experience. So, the correct answer is option D.

Pethidine is a synthetic opioid analgesic of the phenylpiperidine class. Methadone is also an opioid medication.
Morphine is also an opioid pain medication. Pethidine and methadone are not structurally similar to morphine. Hydromorphone is structurally related to morphine.
Therefore, the correct answer is option C.

Some of the young people in one of the village may use any drugs or may have become addicted to certain hallucinogens. These drugs resulted in the effects on the individuals which showed symptoms of headache, drowsiness and various other types of hallucination sensations. So, the statement given as assertion is correct. The symptoms shown may be due to drugs and not due to consumption of any type of toxic fungus. The symptoms of consuming toxic fungus may involve numbness, joint pain, fatigue, headache, drowsiness, cough, shortness of breath, etc. So, the reason is false.

Mescaline is a hallucinogen and a recreational drug it has a similar effect as the LSD and other hallucinogens and is not a stimulant.