Types of agriculture - class-X

Horticulture is the science and art of cultivating  fruits, vegetables, flowers, or ornamental plants. It also includes plant conservation, landscape restoration, soil management, landscape and garden design, construction, and maintenance.

Brazil is the world's largest coffee producer. In 2016, Brazil produced a staggering 2,595,000 metric tons of coffee beans. It is not a new development, as Brazil has been the highest global producer of coffee beans for over 150 years.

Jute is considered as the golden fibre. It is so called because of its shiny brown colour. It is most affordable natural fibre and is 100% biodegradable. It is made of cellulose and lignin plant material. Fertile region necessary for jute production is shared by India and Bangladesh.

Gram is an example of the crop grown in Rabi season. It is also called as spring or winter crop. It is usually harvested in the month of October and harvested by the end of March or April.

Plantation agriculture is a system of agriculture where a single crop is grown on a large area. This type of farming involves the growing and processing of a single cash crop. The plantation is organized on an efficient basis. The land is devoted to a single crop and the entire production is exported. The output of plantation crop is greatly influenced by monopolistic control.

Jhum cultivation is a traditional slash-and-burn agricultural practice common in the hilly regions of Northeast India (Assam, Nagaland) and parts of Odisha, but it is not a standard practice in the plains of Uttar Pradesh.

Primitive food gathering is a pre-agricultural or non-agricultural activity, whereas the others listed are specific types of farming systems.

A form
of farming in which nearly all of the crops or livestock raised are used to
maintain the farmer and the farmer’s family is known as Subsistence farming. It
persists today on a relatively wide scale in various areas of the world. It
includes large parts of sub-Saharan Africa. Subsistence farms usually consist
of no more than a few acres. The farm technology tends to be primitive and of
low yield.

Jhum cultivation, also known as the slash and burn agriculture, is the process of growing crops by first clearing the land of trees and vegetation and burning them thereafter.

Developed countries often pressure developing nations to open their markets for agricultural imports to support their own large-scale, subsidized farming sectors.

Statement is true and statement II is false.

Shifting Cultivation is practiced in different regions of world with local names. 
Lading - Southeast Asia ; Milpa - Central USA(Not in Australia) ; Tavy - Africa ; Chena - Sri Lanka. 

In addition to increasing corn yields and
cutting nitrogen expense, keeping soyabeans in
the rotation lowers next years corn rootworm
management costs.

A plot of land is cleared by felling the trees and burning them. The ashes are then mixed with the soil and crops like maize, yam, potatoes and cassava are grown. After the soil loses its fertility, the land is abandoned and the cultivator moves to a new plot. Shifting cultivation is also known as ‘slash and burn’ agriculture. 

The plantation has an interface of agriculture and industry. Plantations cover large tracts of land, using capital intensive inputs, with the help of migrant labourers. All the produce is used as raw material in respective industries. In India, tea, coffee, rubber, sugarcane, banana, etc.. are important plantation crops. 

• Crops are grown in alternate strips of land to check the impact of the winds.
• It is used when a slope is too steep or when there is no alternative method of preventing soil erosion.
  
• Strip cropping helps to stop soil erosion by creating natural dams for water, helping to preserve the strength of the soil.

Kharif crops are grown with the onset of monsoon in different parts of the country and these are harvested in September-October. Important crops grown during this season are paddy, maize, jowar, bajra, tur (arhar), moong, urad, cotton, jute, groundnut and soyabean. 

• This type of farming is practiced in areas of high population pressure on land. It is labour intensive farming, where high doses of biochemical inputs and irrigation are used for obtaining higher production. 
  
• In India, the farmers of West Bengal, Kerala, the coastal Andhra Pradesh and Tamil Nadu provide a good example of intensive subsistence wet paddy agriculture .
  

Subsistence farming is characterised by small and scattered land holdings and the use of primitive tools, like a hoe and digging sticks by family members. As the farmers are poor, they do not use fertilisers or (HYV) seeds in their fields. Most of the food production is consumed by the farmers and their families.

Majority of farmers in India practice subsistence farming. It is characterised by small and scattered landholdings and use of primitive tools, like hoe and digging sticks by family members. As the farmers are poor, they do not use fertilisers or (HYV) seeds in their fields. Most of the food production is consumed by the farmers and their families.

Plantation crops constitute a large group of crops. The major plantation crops include coconut, arecanut, oil palm, cashew, tea, coffee and rubber; the minor plantation crops include cocoa.

Haryana.

Commercial farming.

Mixed farming is an agricultural system in which a farmer conducts different agricultural practice together, such as cash crops and livestock. The aim is to increase income through different sources and to complement land and labour demands across the year.

This system of agriculture involves cultivation of crops for sale in the market. These crops are called cash crops. They include sugarcane, tobacco, oilseeds. This type of agriculture involves the use of High Yielding Variety (HYV) seeds, chemical fertilisers, insecticides and pesticides to obtain higher productivity.

Jhum cultivation, also known as the slash and burn agriculture, is the process of growing crops by first clearing the land of trees and vegetation and burning them thereafter. The burnt soil contains potash which increases the nutrient content of the soil.

Shifting cultivation is a traditional practice of agriculture prevalent in various parts of Asia, Africa and South-America. It is known as lading in south-east Asia, milpa in Central America, Chitemene or tavy in Africa and Chena in Sri Lanka. In India it has different local names like dhya, penda, bewar, nevad, Jhum, podu.

This question refers to specific historical government data regarding minimum wages for agricultural labor in India, which is context-dependent and likely sourced from a specific textbook.

One of the major impacts of European colonialism was on the practice
of shifting cultivation or swidden agriculture. This is a traditional
agricultural practice in many parts of Asia, Africa, and South America. In
India, dhya, penda, bewar, nevad, jhum, podu, khandad and kumri
are some of the local terms for swidden agriculture. In shifting cultivation, parts of the forest are cut and burnt in rotation. Karacha was a tribal community of Madras Presidency. 

Plantation crops constitute a large group of crops. The major plantation crops include coconut, oil palm, cashew, tea, coffee and rubber; the minor plantation crops include cocoa. 

Groundnut, sunflower, and gingelly (sesame) are primarily cultivated for the extraction of oil, thus they are classified as oilseeds.

Farming that is carried on small land holdings that produce food crops for local consumption and not for external trade is known as subsistence intensive farming. Most farmers in Tamil Nadu practice subsistence intensive farming.

Subsistence farming

An agricultural system in which a person uses
a piece of land only to abandon or alter the initial use a short time later is
known as shifting cultivation. This system often involves clearing of a piece of
land followed by several years of wood harvesting or farming until the soil
loses fertility. Once the land becomes inadequate for crop production, it is
left to be reclaimed by natural vegetation, or sometimes converted to a
different long term cyclical farming practice. Ecological consequences from shifting
cultivation are often deleterious. Shifting cultivation results in infertility of
land. That’s why it is banned at present.

A
type of farming in which production of crops is done with rearing of livestock on
one farm is known as mixed farming. It is a system of farming in which a farmer
conducts different types of agricultural practices together. Mixed farming is
done with the view of increasing his income through different sources. Mixed
farming is the combining of two independent agricultural enterprises on the
same farm.

Shifting cultivation is an agricultural system in which plots of land are cultivated temporarily, then abandoned and allowed to revert to their natural vegetation while the cultivator moves on to another plot.

Shifting farming, an ancient type of farming is practiced by some tribal people from the outskirts of cities and villages in India. It is a form of agriculture in which an area of ground is cleared of vegetation and cultivated for a few years and then abandoned for a new area until its fertility has been naturally restored. Major crops like rice, corn, jowar, bajra, ragi, chillies, oil-seeds, etc are grown under shifting cultivation. It is known by various names in various regions like Kumari in Karnataka and Ponam in Kerala.

A type of farming practiced in arid areas without irrigation by planting drought-resistant crops or by employing moisture-enhancing techniques is called dry farming. Crops adapted to dry farming are usually smaller and quicker to mature than those grown under more humid conditions and are usually allotted more space. Dry farmed crops may include grapes, tomatoes, pumpkins, beans, etc.

Subsistence agriculture occurs when farmers grow food crops to feed themselves and their families. In subsistence agriculture, farm output is targeted to survival and is mostly for local requirements with little or no surplus trade.

Shifting agriculture is a type agricultural practice where a plot of land is clean and cultivation is done for a couple of years. After a few years when the fertility level of the soil decreases they leave that plot and shift to some other land. This type of cultivation is named differently in different places. Shifting cultivation is also known as slash and burn agriculture.

Organic farming is defined by the exclusion of synthetic inputs, including chemical fertilizers, synthetic pesticides, and growth-regulating hormones, to maintain soil health and ecological balance.

Food grains.

The aim of organic farming is to establish and maintain soil-plant, plant- animal and animal soil interdependence and to create a sustainable agro- ecological system based on local resources, approaching in this way the concept of functional integrity of systems. Organic farming uses environmentally friendly methods of crop and livestock production, without use of synthetic fertilizers, growth hormones, growth enhancing antibiotics, synthetic pesticides or gene manipulation. Nevertheless, organic livestock farming is not a production method which solves all problems in livestock production sustainability. As of today, it is largely seen primarily as a production method for a specific premium market requiring special management qualifications. Its high capability for meeting increased consumer demand for environmentally friendly products is associated with better quality of products alongside animal welfare.

Extensive Farming

The largest area under plantation in India is in Assam. Assam produces the largest volume of tea from India. It's renowned for its strong, malty black teas.

Potato.

In India, about 60% of total net sown area comes under rainfed lands.

HYV seeds stand for HEIGH YIELDING VARIETY. These are the good quality of seeds and produce a higher yield on a small piece of land but need plenty of water to produce the best results and they also increase the income of the farmers.

Shifting cultivation is a traditional practice of agriculture prevalent in various parts of Asia, Africa and South-America. It is known as lading in south-east Asia, milpa in Central America, Chitemene or tavy in Africa and Chena in Sri Lanka. In India it has different local names like dhya, penda, bewar, nevad, Jhum, podu.

The Green Revolution primarily addressed agricultural productivity. While it caused social conflicts between different classes of farmers (large vs. small, owners vs. tenants), it did not directly create a conflict between industrial and agricultural workers.

The Green Revolution refers to the period of significant increase in agricultural production in India during the 1960s, driven by high-yielding variety seeds, irrigation, and chemical fertilizers.

Green
revolution was introduced as a package programme with
seed-water-fertilizer-pesticide-technology components. It was launched in Kharif of 1966-67. Its
main objective was to attain self-sufficiency in food by 1970-71. This programme
was mainly launched to increase the productivity of food grains by adopting
latest varieties of inputs of crops. The green revolution helped farmers to
produce higher level of food grains and non-food grains on the same plot of
land.

HYV stands for High yield variety ..seeds.