The Carnatic Wars (1746-1763) - Class XI

The Third Carnatic war was an end to the French ambitions to create a colonial empire in India. The French forces in the south were led by Conte De Lally.

The English East India Company was formed in 1600 and received Royal Charter from Queen Elizabeth I on 31 December 1600. It was established to pursue trade in Indian Subcontinent.

The Treaty of Pondicherry was signed in 1754 bringing an end to the Second Carnatic War. It was agreed and signed in the French settlement of Puducherry in French India. By this treaty both the sides agreed not to interfere in the internal affairs of the princely states and returned each other's territories captured during the war. 

Joseph François Dupleix was appointed as  Governor-General of the French East India Company, who pursued an aggresive policy towards the English. He led the French during the First Carnatic War.

The Carnatic Wars were a series of military conflicts in the middle of the 18th century in India. The conflicts involved numerous nominally independent rulers and their vassals, struggles for succession and territory, and included a diplomatic and military struggle between the French East India Company and the British East India Company. They were mainly fought on the territories in India which were dominated by the Nizam of Hyderabad up to the Godavari delta. As a result of these military contests, the British East India Company established its dominance among the European trading companies within India. The French company was pushed to a corner and was confined primarily to Pondichéry. The East India company's dominance eventually led to control by the British Company over most of India and eventually to the establishment of the British Raj.

With the termination of the War of Austrian Succession in Europe, the First Carnatic War also came to an end. In the Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle (1748), Madras was given back to the British in exchange for the French fortress of Louisbourg in North America, which the British had captured.

The outbreak of the Seven Years' War in Europe in 1756 resulted in renewed conflict between French and British forces in India. The Third Carnatic War put an end to the French ambitions to create a colonial empire in India.The British forces defeated the French in the Battle of Wandiwash in 1760.

The Battle of Wandiwash was fought between the French, under the comte de Lally, and the British, under Sir Eyre Coote. This was the Third Carnatic War fought between the French and the British. It was the decisive battle in the Anglo-French struggle in southern India during the Seven Years’ War (1756–63). The French were then restricted to Pondichéry, where they surrendered on 16 January 1761.

The Second Carnatic War (1749-1754) was primarily a struggle for the throne of the Carnatic and the Nizamate of Hyderabad. The conflict involved Chanda Sahib and Anwaruddin for the position of Nawab of the Carnatic.

The First Carnatic War (1746–1748) was the Indian theatre of the War of the Austrian Succession and the first of a series of Carnatic Wars that established early British dominance on the east coast of the Indian subcontinent. In this conflict the British and French East India Companies vied with each other on land for control of their respective trading posts at Madras, Pondicherry, and Cuddalore, while naval forces of France and Britain engaged each other off the coast.

The news of Austrain succession was reached India in 1744. The first Carnatic War was the result of Austrain succession war that took place in 1740 between Austria and Purssia. English and French entered opposite sides in the war.

Duplex promised to handover Madras to Nawab Anwar-ud-din. When Duplex refused to restore the Madras to  Anwar-ud-din, the later sent an army against the French. The army of Nawab was defeated by the French in the battle of Adayar (st. Thomas), near Madras.

DUPLEIX, influential governor-general (1742–1754) of the French East India Company During his three decades in India, the Dupleix expanded the commercial, political, and military operations of the French East India Company, and his administration marked the apex of French colonial ambitions in India.

The French East India Company was a commercial enterprise, founded in 1664 to compete with the English (later British) and Dutch East India companies in the East Indies.

The Battle of Wandiwash between the French, under the comte de Lally, and the British, under Sir Eyre Coote. This was the Third Carnatic War fought between the French and the British. It was the decisive battle in the Anglo-French struggle in southern India during the Seven Years’ War (1756–63). The French were then restricted to Pondichéry, where they surrendered on 16 January 1761.

Duplex promised to handover Madras to Nawab Anwar-ud-din if the later allowed the french to conquer it. When Duplex
refused to restore the Madras to  Anwar-ud-din, the later sent an army
against the French. The army of Nawab was defeated by the French in the
battle of Adayar (st. Thomas), near Madras.

Second Carnatic war took place between French and British without the permission of their mother countries. After the release of  Chanda Saheb  from Maratha captivity conflict started between Chanda Saheb and Anwar-ud-din for the Nawab ship of Carnatic.

Dupleix was Governor-General of French India. He made several voyages to the Americas and India. Following the battle of Madras, city of Madras surrendered to the French. In 1746, with the help of a French fleet, Dupleix seized Madras but failed to capture the neighbouring British fort of St. David. 

The Battle of Madras or Fall of Madras took place in September 1746 during the War of the Austrian Succession when a French force attacked and captured the city of Madras from its British garrison.

They occupied it until the end of hostilities when it was exchanged for a British conquest of Quebec in North America as part of the Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle. One of the British defenders, Robert Clive made his name by escaping from the French captors and carrying news of the city's fall to his superiors at Fort St David.

Commodore Barnet was the British naval commander who arrived in India with a fleet during the First Carnatic War (1746). Dupleix was the French Governor, and Lally arrived during the Third Carnatic War.

Duplex asked La Bourdonnais  (the French Governor at Mauritus) to besiege Madras during first carnatic war.  Madras  surrendered to French in September, 1746.Due to the differences between Duplex and La Bourfonnais, the later
restored the Madras to the English but later Duplex recaptured Madras.

In the battle Anwar-ud-din was killed and Chanda Saheb was declared as Nawab of Carnatic, French declared Mujaffar Jung as Nizam of Hyderabad.

Nizam-ul-mulk and Deccan subedar, was died in 1748. Consequently a war of succession broke out between Mujaffar Jung and Nasir Jung. Mujaffar Jung and Chanda Saheb requested the help of French. Then Duplex, invaded on Arcot with Mujjafar Jung and Chanda Saheb.

Muzafar Jung was killed in 1751 by his own people. Then, Bussy installed Salabat Jung as a Nizam of Hyderabad. French got Northern Circars from Salabat Jung. However, Robert
Clive led British troops to capture Arcot, and successfully defend it. The war
ended with the Treaty of Pondicherry, signed in 1754, which recognised Muhammad
Ali Khan Walajah as the Nawab of the Carnatic. Charles Godeheu replaced Dupleix,
who died in poverty back in France.

Muzaffar Jung and Chanda Sahib were able to capture Arcot while Nasir Jung's subsequent death allowed Muzaffar Jung to take control of Hyderabad. Muzaffar's reign was short as he was soon killed, and Salabat Jung became Nawab, In January, 1751.

The war came to an end with the treaty of Paris in 1763, Pondicherry, Karaikal, Chandranagore and Mahe were returned to French but they were not allowed to fortify them. The French lost all their prestige and influence in India.

The French defeat at Arcot was beginning of French down fall in India.

Robert Clive led British troops to capture Arcot, and successfully defend it. The war ended with the Treaty of Pondicherry, signed in 1754, which recognised Muhammad Ali Khan Walajah as the Nawab of the Carnatic. Charles Godeheu replaced Dupleix, who died in poverty back in France.

Though a state of war did not exist in Europe, the proxy war continued in India. On one side was Nasir Jung, the Nizam and his protege Muhammad Ali, supported by the English, and on the other was Chanda Sahib and Muzaffar Jung, supported by the French, vying for the Nawabship of Arcot. Muzaffar Jung and Chanda Sahib were able to capture Arcot while Nasir Jung's subsequent death allowed Muzaffar Jung to take control of Hyderabad. Muzaffar's reign was short as he was soon killed, and Salabat Jung became Nawab. In 1751, however, Robert Clive led British troops to capture Arcot, and successfully defend it.

The Battle of Ambur (3 August 1749) was the first major battle of the Second Carnatic War.

The battle was initiated by Muzaffar Jung and supported by Joseph François Dupleix and led by Chanda Sahib, who sought to overthrow Anwaruddin Muhammed Khan, the Nawab of the Carnatic, for supporting Nasir Jung's claim to be Nizam of Hyderabad. French forces were decisive in giving the allies victory; Anwaruddin Muhammed Khan was killed in the battle and Chanda Sahib seized control of the Carnatic.

The conflict between the France and England got renewed in
1756 in Europe, in the form of Seven Years War, which is coterminous with the
Third Carnatic War. It
was a local version of the Seven Years war in Europe. The Third Carnatic War put an end to
the French ambitions to create a colonial empire in India.

The Battle of Amber (3 August 1749) was the first major battle of the Second Carnatic War.

The battle was initiated by Muzaffar Jung and supported by Joseph François Dupleix and led by Chanda Sahib, who sought to overthrow Anwaruddin Muhammed Khan, the Nawab of the Carnatic, for supporting Nasir Jung's claim to be Nizam of Hyderabad. French forces were decisive in giving the allies victory; Anwaruddin Muhammed Khan was killed in the battle and Chanda Sahib seized control of the Carnatic.

The conflict between the France and England got renewed in
1756 in Europe, in the form of Seven Years War, which is coterminous with the
Third Carnatic War. It
was a local version of the Seven Years war in Europe. The Third Carnatic War put an end to
the French ambitions to create a colonial empire in India.

The Carnatic War were fought between English and the French on the India soil for supremacy. The Third Carnatic War was started in 1756 and ended in 1763. the total time period of Third Carnatic War was seven years.

The conflict between the France and England got renewed in 1756 in Europe, in the form of Seven Years War, which is coterminous with the Third Carnatic War. It was a local version of the Seven Years war in Europe. The Third Carnatic War put an end to the French ambitions to create a colonial empire in India.

On 3 August 1749, the allied forces of Dupleix, Chanda Sahib and Muzaffar Jung met those of Anwaruddin Muhammed Khan at Ambur. Anwaruddin Muhammed Khan's forces managed to create a formidable stance by gathering around their howdahs despite being outnumbered 3 to 1, but it was the disciplined French infantry forces led by De Bussy that completely reversed the course of the battle against Khan.

Anwaruddin Muhammed Khan was shot and killed in a fierce confrontation while commanding his forces from a howdah. The next day Muzaffar Jang and Chanda Sahib victoriously entered Arcot and Chanda Sahib became the next Nawab of the Carnatic. Anwaruddin Muhammed Khan's son, Muhammed Ali Khan Wallajah, fled south to Trichinopoly, where he hid and sought the assistance of the British.

The war came to an end with the Treaty of Paris in 1763. Pondicherry, Karaikal. Mahe and Chandranagore were returned to the French but they were not allowed to fortify it. The French lost all their prestige and influence in India. 

The French forces in south were led by Comte De Lally. The
British forces under Sir Eyre Coote, defeated the French in the Battle of
Wandiwash in January 1760 and besieged Pondicherry. After Wandiwash, the French capital
of Pondicherry fell to the British in 1761. When the Seven Years war ended with
The war concluded with the signing of the 1763 Treaty of Paris or Peace of
Paris, or the Treaty of 1763.

The East India Company evolved from a small enterprise run by a group of City of London merchants, which in 1600 had been granted a royal charter conferring the monopoly of English trade in the whole of Asia and the Pacific. 

The Treaty of Paris was signed between kingdoms of Great Britain, France and Spain, with Portugals on 10 February 1763. This was an agreement after Great Britain's victory over France and Spain during the seven years war.

The French General Count de Lally captured Fort St. David. Bussy, the French General at Hyderabad was asked to attack Madras which was a great blunder committed by the French. When Bussy left Hyderabad, the British captured Hyderabad. Count de Lally and Bussy together attacked Madras. But the British General, Sir Eyre Coote defeated both the French Generals at the Battle of Wandiwash in 1760. 

The Treaty of Paris was signed between kingdoms of Great Britain, France
and Spain, with Portugals on 10 February 1763. This was an agreement
after Great Britain's victory over France and Spain during the seven
years war.

The French forces in south were led by Comte De Lally. The British forces under Sir Eyre Coote, defeated the French in the Battle of Wandiwash in January 1760 and besieged Pondicherry. After Wandiwash, the French capital of Pondicherry fell to the British in 1761. When the Seven Years war ended with The war concluded with the signing of the 1763 Treaty of Paris or Peace of Paris, or the Treaty of 1763.

The French forces in south were led by Comte De Lally. The
British forces under Sir Eyre Coote, defeated the French in the Battle of
Wandiwash in January 1760 and besieged Pondicherry. After Wandiwash, the French capital
of Pondicherry fell to the British in 1761. When the Seven Years war ended with
The war concluded with the signing of the 1763 Treaty of Paris or Peace of
Paris, or the Treaty of 1763.

After Wandiwash, the French capital of Pondicherry fell to the British in 1761. When the Seven Years war ended with The war concluded with the signing of the 1763 Treaty of Paris or Peace of Paris, or the Treaty of 1763.

Carnatic was originally a Mughal province under Nawab Anwar Uddin. Its capital was Arcot.

The French East India company established their factory at Surat in 1668,1669 at Musalipatnam,1674 in Pondicherry.

The Second Carnatic War was triggered by succession disputes in both Hyderabad (between Nasir Jang and Muzaffar Jang) and the Carnatic (between Anwaruddin and Chanda Sahib), which the French and English exploited to expand their influence.

The second Carnatic war was connected with the succession disputes between the Nizam of Hyderabad and the Nawab of Carnatic.

The First Carnatic War was concluded by the Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle in 1748, which ended the War of the Austrian Succession in Europe and consequently the hostilities between the French and British in India.

The English East India company was formed in 1600 for the exploitation of trade with East and Southeast Asia and India. The company received a Royal Charter from Queen Elizabeth I on 31 December 1600, coming relatively late to trade in the Indies.  It later became involved in politics and acted as an agent of British imperialism in India from the early 18th century to 1857 after which the Crown took over.

The first Carnatic war came to an end by the treaty of Aix La Chappelle (1748) between the French and the British as a result the English got back Madras.

The First Anglo-Afghan War was fought between the British East India Company and Afghanistan from 1839 to 1842. It is famous for the loss of 4,500 British and Indian soldiers, plus 12,000 of their camp followers, to Afghan tribal fighters, but the British defeated the Afghans in the concluding engagement. It was one of the first major conflicts during the Great Game, the 19th century competition for power and influence in Central Asia between Britain and Russia.

The First Carnatic War (1746–1748) was the Indian theatre of the War of the Austrian Succession and the first of a series of Carnatic Wars that established early British dominance on the east coast of the Indian subcontinent.

The First Anglo–Mysore War (1767–1769) was a conflict in India between the Sultanate of Mysore and the East India Company. The war was instigated in part by the machinations of Asaf Jah II,the Nizam of Hyderabad, who sought to divert the company's resources from attempts to gain control of the Northern Circars.

The First Anglo-Maratha War (1775–1782) was the first of three Anglo-Maratha wars fought between the British East India Company and Maratha Empire in India. The war began with the Treaty of Surat and ended with the Treaty of Salbai.

The Battle of Wandiwash was fought between the French, under the comte de Lally, and the British, under Sir Eyre Coote. This was the Third Carnatic War fought between the French and the British. It was the decisive battle in the Anglo-French struggle in southern India during the Seven Years’ War (1756–63). The French were then restricted to Pondichéry, where they surrendered on 16 January 1761.

The French East India company was established  in 1664 by Jean-Baptiste Colbert. It was the French trading company established to oversee French commerce with India, eastern Africa, and other territories of the Indian Ocean and the East Indies.

The Third Carnatic war was fought between France and England. The Third Carnatic war was a local version of seven year war in Europe. It was started in 1756 and ended in 1763. The Third Carnatic war put an end to the French ambitions to create an colonial empire in India.

With the termination of the War of Austrian Succession in Europe, the First Carnatic War also came to an end. In the Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle (1748), Madras was given back to the British in exchange for the French fortress of Louisbourg in North America, which the British had captured.

Due to the differences between Duplex and La Bourfonnais, the later restored the Madras to the English but later Duplex recaptured Madras.

The Second Carnatic War was fought between Nasir Jung, the Nizam and his protege Muhammad Ali, supported by the English, and Chanda Sahib and Muzaffar Jung, supported by the French. The war ended with the Treaty of Pondicherry, signed in 1754, recognising Muhammad Ali Khan Walajah as the Nawab of the Carnatic. The result was that English influence prevailed in the Coromandal Coast and Carnatic.

Second Carnatic war took place between French and British without the
permission of their mother countries. After the release of  Chanda
Saheb  from Maratha captivity conflict started between Chanda Saheb and
Anwar-ud-din for the Nawab ship of Carnatic.

The First Carnatic War (1744-48) was a continuation of the war of Austrian succession which broke out in Europe in 1740. Dupleix was the french Governor-General of Pondicherry during the war. In September 1746, the French captured the Madras almost without any opposition and the British were made prisoners of war. The war finally ended in 1748 with the Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle.

The First Carnatic War (1744-48) was triggered by the War of the Austrian Succession. Dupleix was the french Governor-General of Pondicherry during the war. In September 1746, the French captured the Madras almost without any opposition and the British were made prisoners of war. The war finally ended in 1748 with the Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle.

Causes for the success of the British- 1. they were commercially superior and were supported by the Home Government.
2. they had a superior Naval power.
3. they had peace in England and so they could concentrate better, on the other hand French were too busy fighting in Europe.

The Carnatic Wars were fought between the British and the French East India Company in the 18th century between 1746 and 1763. Commercial and maritime rivalry between France and England was the primary reason behind these wars. The French company was pushed to a corner and was confined primarily to Pondicherry.

The Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle in 1748 ended the Anglo-French struggle. Under this, the French returned Madras to the British in exchange for Cape Breton Island in North America.

Jean-Baptiste Colbert founded the French East India Company in 1664 by establishing a trading center at Pondicherry.  Chandranagore was the headquarters of the French settlements in India. The French establishments included Pondichéry, Karikal and Yanaon on the Coromandel Coast, Mahé on the Malabar Coast and Chandernagor in Bengal.

The East India Company was granted its royal charter by Queen Elizabeth I in 1600, which falls during the reign of the Mughal Emperor Akbar (reigned 1556-1605).