Australian Geography - Physical and Economic Features

Perth was founded by Captain James Stirling in 1829 as the administrative centre of the Swan River Colony. ... As part of Perth's role as the capital of Western Australia, the state's Parliament and Supreme Court are located within the city, as is Government House, the residence of the Governor of Western Australia.

The Great Barrier Reef is the world's largest coral reef system composed of over 2,900 individual reefs and 900 islands stretching for over 2,300 kilometres (1,400 mi) over an area of approximately 344,400 square kilometres (133,000 sq mi). The reef is located in the Coral Sea, off the coast of Queensland, Australia.

Sheep stations and sheep husbandry began in Australia when the British started raising sheep in 1788 at Sydney Cove. In Australia, the owner of a sheep station can be called a pastoralist, grazier; or formerly, a squatter, as in "Waltzing Matilda".

Kangaroos are marsupials endemic to the continent of Australia. They are not native to the other countries listed.

Although Australia is sometimes called an “island continent,” most geographers consider islands and continents to be separate things. According to Britannica, an island is a mass of land that is both “entirely surrounded by water” and also “smaller than a continent.”

Among the given options Australia is the oldest continent. Human in-habitation began between 42,000 and 48,000 years ago. It is a country as well as a continent. The capital city of Australia is Canberra. It has six states. It is an island surrounded by Indian and Pacific oceans. 

Encounter Bay

Eucalyptus

• Fleece means woolly cover of sheep or goat. Australia is called the country of Golden Fleece. This is because it is the largest producer of wool.
  
• According 2011 statistics, total wool produced in Australia was 350 million kg. 
  

Gold,

• Australia is an island continent surrounded by water on all sides.
  
• The major bodies of water that surround Australia include the Tasman Sea, Arafura Sea, Coral Sea, Timor Sea, Gulf of Carpentaria, Great Australian Bight, Indian Ocean and South Pacific Ocean.
  

• Fleece means woolly cover of sheep or goat. Australia is called the country of Golden Fleece. This is because it is the largest producer of wool.
  
• According 2011 statistics, total wool produced in Australia was 350 million kg. 
  

• Aurora Australis is also known as southern lights or southern polar lights.
  
• This is seen in southern hemisphere and best place to see is Antarctica.
  
• Aurora Australis and Borealis are counterparts of each other formed in southern and northern hemispheres respectively.
  
• Aurora is formed when charged particles from sun penetrate during a solar flare into earth’s magnetic field and collide with molecules in our atmosphere. These collisions result in countless little bursts of light.
  
• When charged particles collide with oxygen, red and green aurora is produced while nitrogen produces pink and purple colours.
  

Australia is the number one producer of fine quality wool. Even in argentina and new zealand sheep raising and wool production are the important activities. 

The official length of the Australian coastline is widely cited in geographical records as approximately 34,218 km.

Hot and Dry.

Low rainfall.

The climate of South East Australia is cold because it is a highly highland

North-East side.

Mount Kosciuszko is the high point of the Great Dividing Range, a long mountain range that runs along the entire eastern part of Australia from Queensland to Victoria. Mount Kosciuszko itself is in New South Wales a few miles from its border with Victoria.

Australia experiences temperate weather for most of the year but the climate can vary due to the size of the continent. The northern states typically experience warm weather much of the time, with the southern states experiencing cooler winters. December to February is summer; March to May is autumn; June to August is winter, and September to November is spring.

The Tropic of Capricorn lies at 23.5 degrees south of the equator and runs through Australia, Chile, southern Brazil (Brazil is the only country that passes through both the equator and a tropic), and northern South Africa.

Uluru is a sacred site for the Anangu people. While often associated with various legends, the specific cultural interpretation provided in option C reflects the poetic and spiritual significance attributed to the site.

• Australia is the smallest continent. The total land mass contribution of Australia to the world is 5.9%.
  
• Australia is an island continent surrounded by water on all sides.
  
• The major bodies of water that surround Australia include the Tasman Sea, Arafura Sea, Coral Sea, Timor Sea, Gulf of Carpentaria, Great Australian Bight, Indian Ocean and South Pacific Ocean. 
  

1. The three main exporters of wool and sheep meat are Australia, New Zealand and Argentina. The rearing is due to extensive grazing land available here.
   
2. Australian sheep industry is mainly based on wool, and meat is a bye product. It exports wool and meat to japan, South Korea, USSR and Middle East.
   
3. New Zealand is mainly involved in lamb production. Wool and meat are secondary industries here. It exports to UK.
   
4. Argentina is another wool and meat exporter. But the export and industry is declining due to country’s economic and political problems. Apart from this foot and mouth disease is prevalent here causing damage to the industry. It’s exports include European Economic Zone and Middle East.
   

Ayers Rock is also known by its Aboriginal name 'Uluru'. It is a sacred part of Aboriginal creation mythology, or dreamtime - reality being a dream. Uluru is  is considered one of the great wonders of the world and one of Australia's most recognizable natural icons.

The Reef is highly vulnerable. In the past three decades, it has lost half its coral cover, because global warming has produced horrific coral bleaching. Coastal development also looms as a major threat.

The Great Barrier Reef is in the Coral Sea, on Australia's north-eastern coast. It stretches more than 2,300km along the state of Queensland's north- coastline, beginning at the tip of Cape York Peninsula in the north and extending down to Bundaberg in the south.

Kalgoorlie and Coolgardie - places famous for gold mines are located in Australia. Coolgardie Goldfield still continues its long association with the gold industry.

Wheat is one of Australia's major crops and one of the most important grain crops in world commerce. Wheat is a cereal grain used for human consumption and animal feed. Australia produces around 22 million tonnes annually with a gross value reported at over AU$6 billion.

Australia’s national bird, the Emu is the world’s second-largest living member of the ratite (ra-tight) family of flightless birds. Most Ratites are now extinct; only the emu, ostrich, cassowary, kiwi and rhea are alive today. The Emu was designated in 1960 by the Australian government to be their national bird.