Indian defence forces - class-IX

The Indian National Army was an armed force formed by Indian nationalists in 1942 in Southeast Asia during World War II.

Indian Army  was revived under the leadership of Subhas Chandra Bose after his arrival in Southeast Asia in 1943.

The Indian Naval Academy is the initial officer training establishment of the Indian Navy and the Indian Coast Guard. It is located in Ezhimala, Kannur district, Kerela. INA conducts basic training for all officers inducted into the Indian Navy and Indian Coast Guard. It is the largest naval academy in Asia.

The duties of The Indian Army are as follows:-

The Heavy Vehicles Factory (HVF) is located at Avadi in Chennai in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. HVF was set up in 1965 by the Ordnance Factories Board, Government of India to manufacture heavy battlefield equipment, including Vijayanta and T-72 tanks. Currently, HVF manufactures India's main battle tank Arjun and the T-90s. The Engine Factory of HVF functions separately from HVF.

Indian Peace Keeping Force was the Indian military contingent performing a peacekeeping operation in Sri Lanka between 1987 and 1990. It was formed under the mandate of the 1987 Indo-Sri Lankan Accord that aimed to end the Sri Lankan Civil War between militant Sri Lankan Tamil nationalists such as the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam and the Sri Lankan military.

The Field Marshal rank is the highest rank in the Indian Army. It is a ceremonial or wartime rank and Field Marshal Sam Manekshaw and Field Marshal KM Cariappa have been the only two officers to be elevated to the rank of Field Marshal.

The army was first formed in 1942 under Mohan Singh.

According to the Indian Constitution, the President of India is the Supreme Commander of the Indian Armed Forces.

The South Western Air Command is one of the five operational commands of the Indian Air Force. It was raised in Jodhpur in July 1980 from the No. 1 Operations group of the Western Air Command. Its operations sector includes most of Rajasthan, through Gujarat and Saurashtra, as far south as Kutch and Pune. The SWAC moved to its current headquarters in Gandhinagar in May 1998 and incorporates the Indian airbases of Bhuj, Jaisalmer, Naliva, Jamnagar, Jodhpur, Uttarlai/Barmer and Pune.

The Indra series of military exercises is a joint biennial exercise conducted between the armed forces of India and Russia.

INS Arihant is the lead ship of India's Arihant class of nuclear-powered ballistic missile submarines.  The 6,000-tonne vessel was built under the Advanced Technology Vessel (ATV) project at the Ship Building Centre in the port city of Visakhapatnam. 

Field Marshal Sam Hormusji Framji Jamshedji Manekshaw, popularly known as Sam Bahadur ("Sam the Brave"), was the Chief of the Army Staff of the Indian Army during the Indo-Pakistan War of 1971 and was subsequently the first Indian Army officer to be promoted to the rank of field marshal. His distinguished military career spanned four decades and five wars, beginning with service in the British Indian Army in World War II. 

INS Vikramaditya is a modified kiev-class aircraft carrier which entered into service with the Indian Navy in 2013. She has been renamed in honor of Vikramaditya, a legendary emperor of Ujjain.

Originally built as Baku and commissioned in 1987, the carrier served with the Soviet and later with the Russian Navies (as Admiral Gorshkov) before being decommissioned in 1996 as she was too expensive to operate on a post-Cold War budget. The carrier was purchased by India on 20 January 2004 after years of negotiations at a final price of $2.35 billion. The ship successfully completed her sea trials in July 2013 and aviation trials in September 2013.

The home base of the aircraft carries Indian Naval Ship (INS) Vikramaditya is Karwar, Karnataka. Its home port is INS Kadamba, Karwar, Karnataka. INS Vikramaditya joined Indian Navy in Nov 2013. It is the largest and newest ship of the Indian Navy.

On 1 April 1933, the first unit of the Indian Air Force was formed at Drigh Road, Karachi with a compliment of four Westland Wapiti aircraft. The single flight expanded into two, then three flights to become a full fledged squadron. Over the course of the decade, several Wapitis passed through its hands. The advent of the Second World War saw the setting up of training facilities for Indian pilots, and the raising of several flights - for Coastal Defence and for Anti-Aircraft Co-operation. By the time the last of the Westland Wapitis stopped flying in 1943,  67 Wapitis had passed through the hands of the IAF and training units.

Major Somnath Sharma, PVC,  an Indian Army officer, was the first recipient of theParam Vir Chakra (PVC), India's highest military decoration. He was awarded it posthumously for his bravery in the Kashmir operations of November 1947. He died while evicting Pakistani infiltrators and raiders from Srinagar Airport  during the Indo-Pakistan War of 1947 in Kashmir. He served in the 4th Kumaon Regiment. 

Colonel in the Indian Army is equivalent to captain in the Indian Navy and group captain in the Indian Air Force. Like other armies, this rank is higher than Lieutenant Colonel and lower than a Brigadier.

The Ilyushin IL-78 air-to-air refueling tanker aircraft is a four-engine tanker principally used for in-flight refueling. It was designed and developed on the basis of a similar predecessor, the IL-76, and has the Nato reporting name Midas. The maiden flight of IL-78 took place on 26 June 1983 and the aircraft entered into service in 1984. About 53 aircrafts are currently operational worldwide.

The Indian Army's Border Roads Organisation constructed a major road in 2009 in the remote Afghan province of Nimroz which connects Delaram to Zaranj. This is also called as ‘Route 606’. It is a 218 Km road. It is one of the busiest roads in Afghanistan and provides an important trade route between Iran and the rest of Asia.

National Security Group provides security to very important persons. It assists in suppressing terrorism and provides internal security. The Bomb diffusion group is complementary to it.

The custom marine organization was merged with the India coast guard and was entrusted with the responsibility of assisting the customs and other authorities in anti-smuggling operations and preventing illegal trading. Hence, Option A is correct. The rest of the posts are not entrusted with the responsibility of supervising the coast, but with sea, port and home, hence, incorrect. 

Nationalism: It is a belief system which instills a sense of common identity among the members of a nation. National flag, national symbol, national anthem, etc. play an important role in developing and strengthening the idea of nationalism. The term Nationalism refers to develop sentiments or views towards one’s own country. It is the knowledge regarding the social, political and economic aspect of the society or of the nation to promote its interests or beliefs. Hence, Option A is correct. The rest of the ideologies are not central to the formation of a nation-state, hence, incorrect. 

The highest rank in the Indian Army is the General, who serves as the Chief of the Army Staff.

Lt Commander Abhilash Tomy of the Indian Navy became the first Indian to complete a solo, unassisted, non-stop circumnavigation of the world in 2013. He used INSV Mhadei to complete his circumnavigation of the World.

The Territorial Army  units were actively involved in 1962, 1965 and 1971 operations. The "Terriers" have also taken part in OP-PAWAN in Sri Lanka, OP RAKSHAK in Punjab & J&K, OP RHINO and OP BAJRANG in North East in a most active manner. 

The slogan of National Cadet Corps is Discipline and Unity. It teaches certain qualities such as community life and leadership. Those who get this training are given preference in recruitment to the army. They get a reservation for admission to higher courses. The youths in schools and colleges can join the NCC. Its main aim is to infuse the responsibility of national security. 

Home Guards is a voluntary force first created in 1946 in India to assist Police in controlling civil disturbances and communal riots. It was formally created after 1962 Chinese aggression when center advised state to merge their existing voluntary organization into one to be known as Home Guards. Their role is supportive, they are auxiliary to the police, helps people in emergency and assist policemen in maintaining law and order.

Home Guards is a voluntary force, first raised in India in December 1946, to assist the police in controlling civil disturbance and communal riots. Subsequently, the concept of the voluntary citizen's force was adopted by several States. The role of Home Guards is to serve as an auxiliary to the police in maintenance of internal security, help the community in any kind of emergency such as an air-raid, fire, cyclone, earthquake, epidemic etc., help in maintenance of essential services, promote communal harmony and assist the administration in protecting weaker sections, participate in socio-economic and welfare activities and perform Civil Defence duties.

The Central Reserve Police Force (CRPF) is the premier central police force of the Union of India for internal security. Originally constituted as the Crown Representative Police in 1939, it is one of the oldest Central paramilitary forces. Due to its unique capability to quickly adapt to various situational requirements, and also, to work in perfect harmony with the State Police, CRPF has, over the years, acquired the distinction of being perhaps the most acceptable Force, by the people and the State administrations.

The police forces work at central and state levels. The jurisdiction of the police services confines to state only. The central government has established its own police forces.

Border Wing Home Guards (BWHG) Battalions have been raised in the border States to serve as an auxiliary to Border Security Force for preventing infiltration on the international border/coastal areas, guarding of lines of communication invulnerable areas at the time of external aggression. They are also deployed as an auxiliary force in maintaining Law and Order with Police.

The National Cadet Corps is headed by a Director-General, an Army Officer of the rank of Lieutenant General, who is responsible for the functioning of the National Cadet Corps in the country through the parade.National Cadet Corps headquarters situated in Delhi.

Home Guards is a voluntary force, first raised in India in December 1946, to assist the police in controlling civil disturbance and communal riots. The role of Home Guards is to serve as an auxiliary to the police in maintenance of internal security, help the community in any kind of emergency such as an air-raid, fire, cyclone, earthquake, epidemic etc., help in maintenance of essential services, promote communal harmony and assist the administration in protecting weaker sections, participate in socio-economic and welfare activities and perform Civil Defence duties.

The President of India is the President of the Indian Red Cross Society. The Indian Red Cross is a voluntary humanitarian organization having a network of over 700 branches throughout the country, providing relief in times of disasters/ emergencies and promotes health & care of the vulnerable people and communities.

The National Cadet Corps is the Indian military cadet corps with its headquarters in New Delhi. It is open to school and college students on voluntary basis.The National Cadet Corps in India is a voluntary organization which recruits cadets from high schools, colleges and Universities all over India. The Cadets are given basic military training in small arms and parades.

The NCC in India was formed with the National Cadet Corps Act of 1948. It was raised on 15 July 1948 The National Cadet Corps can be considered as a successor of the University Officers Training Corps (UOTC) which was established by the British in 1942. The National Cadet Corps in India is a voluntary organization which recruits cadets from high schools, colleges and Universities all over India. The Cadets are given basic military training in small arms and parades.

The National Cadet Corps [NCC] teaches certain qualities such as community life and leadership. Those who get this training are given preference in recruitment to the army. They get a reservation for admission to higher courses too. The youths in schools and colleges can join the NCC. Its main aim is to infuse the responsibility of national security.

The Border Security Force (BSF) is a Border Guarding Force of India. Established on December 1, 1965, it is a paramilitary force charged with guarding India's land border during peace time and preventing transnational crime. It is a Union Government Agency under the administrative control of Ministry of Home Affairs.It is one of many law enforcement agency of India.It currently stands as the world's largest border guarding force.

The Border Security Force (BSF) is a Border Guarding Force of India. Established on December 1, 1965, it is a paramilitary force charged with guarding India's land border during peace time and preventing transnational crime. It is a Union Government Agency under the administrative control of Ministry of Home Affairs.It is one of many law enforcement agency of India.It currently stands as the world's largest border guarding force.

The Border roads organization opens the closed entries to the army to enable armed operations instantly. It also coordinates the important works like construction of roads, bridges and drainage lines. Its main aim is to support the armed forces meet their strategic needs by committed, dedicated and cost-effective development and sustenance of the infrastructure.

Headed by a Director General, BSF consists of 159 battalions with 220,000 personnel. Delegated duties are carried out by a variety of directorates operations, intelligence, IT, training, administration, etc. The BSF is also one of the few forces in India to have maritime and aviation capabilities.

The Border Security Force is a Union Government Agency under the administrative control of Ministry of Home Affairs. It is one of India's four border patrol forces and one of seven Central Police Forces (CPFs) under the control of the Ministry of Home Affairs.

BSF acts as the representative of the Indian government in United Nations (UN) peacekeeping missions. As a member of the UN, India regularly sends its troops abroad to UN-sponsored peacekeeping missions. BSF battalions are regularly deployed as part of the Indian contingent. BSF has been involved in UN missions in Namibia, Cambodia, Mozambique, Angola, Bosnia & Herzegovina, and Haiti.

The headquarters of the Indian Red Cross Society is at New Delhi. It is a voluntary humanitarian organization having a network of over 700 branches throughout the country, providing relief in times of disasters/emergencies and promotes health & care of the vulnerable people and communities. It is a leading member of the largest independent humanitarian organization in the world, the International Red Cross & Red Crescent Movement.

The Indian Red Cross is a voluntary humanitarian organization having a network of over 700 branches throughout the country, providing relief in times of disasters/emergencies and promotes health & care of the vulnerable people and communities. The Mission of the Indian Red Cross is to inspire, encourage and initiate at all times all forms of humanitarian activities so that human suffering can be minimized and even prevented and thus contribute to creating more congenial climate for peace.

The important duty of the border security force is to protect the national borders. During the Kargil military operations, the border security forces fought jointly with the army, from the peak of the high mountains. Duty until death is the slogan of the BSF.

The National Security Guards has been given the specific role to handle all facets of terrorism in any part of the country as a Federal Contingency Force. The primary reason for its conception was to combat terrorist activities with a view to protecting states against internal disturbances. The NSG Commandos are the best in India and rank amongst the top 5 in the world of elite special forces.

The highest HQ of the Assam Rifles is known as the HQ Directorate General of Assam Rifles(DGAR). It is located at Shillong. Assam Rifles is a region-specific force with its operational role in the North East and therefore the HQ DGAR is also located in the East.

Assam Rifles is known as Sentinels of the Northeast. Assam Rifles is Indias oldest paramilitary force, raised originally in 1835 as Cachar Levy. They perform many roles including the provision of internal security under the control of the army through the conduct of counter insurgency and border security operations especially in the northeastern part of India.

The duties and functions of Coast Guard include, safety and protection of islands and offshore structures; protection and preservation of maritime environment and endangered species; prevention and control of pollution in the maritime zones; assistance to the Customs in anti-smuggling operations; assistance to fishermen in distress at sea; safeguarding life and property at sea; preventing poaching in Indian waters; assisting in ocean research-related activities; enforcing maritime law; and carrying out other duties as and when assigned by the Government of India without duplication of efforts.

There are three paramilitary forces of India viz. Assam Rifles, Special Frontier Force and Indian Coast Guard. They come under Ministry of Defense. Earlier, the term paramilitary forces was used for eight forces viz. Assam Rifles, Special Frontier Force, Indian Coast Guard,  CRPF, BSF, ITBP, CISF, SSB. However, from 2011, they have been regrouped into two classes whereby the later five are called Central Armed Police Forces (CAPF).

In 1962, the Kennedy administration worked with India for the creation of a Special Frontier Forces (SFF) unit in the Indian military. The Intelligence agencies from India and the US also helped in raising the Special Frontier Force (SFF) namely the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA, the US external intelligence agency) & the Research and Analysis Wing (R&AW, India's external intelligence agency). The SFFs initial weapons were provided by the US and consisted mainly of machine guns.

Border Roads Organisation develops and maintains road networks in India's border areas and friendly neighbouring countries. It functions under the Defence Ministry. It is staffed by Officers and troops drawn from the Indian Army's Corps of Engineers, Army Service Corps, Electrical and Mechanical Engineers and army personnel on extra-regimental employment.

The Coast Guard is a Para-military force. Its head office is situated in New Delhi. Its major responsibility is to protect the coastal borders of the country. It also undertakes humanitarian services during natural calamities such as whirlwind, Tsunami and cyclones. Its prominent works include preventing intrusions, smuggling and such others.

The motto of Indian Coast Guard is Vayam Rakshama (We Protect). Within its motto, it has defined its mission statements - offshore security, marine environmental security, coastal security, marine safety, scientific assistance and national defence towards these objectives. Thus, India can look forward to clean and secure waters around it with the Coast Guard as its custodian.

A total of 16 navies from the Indian Ocean Region are participating in 'MILAN 2014', the biennial international naval exercise conducted by the Indian Navy in Andaman and Nicobar Islands between February 5 and 9. 

Marshal of the Indian Air Force Arjan Singh, DFC, Padma Vibhushan awardee was the only officer of the Indian Air Force to be promoted to five-star rank, equal to a Field Marshal, to which he was promoted in 2002. He was born in the Punjab town of Lyallpur, British India. After the death of Field Marshal Sam Manekshaw in June 2008, he was the only living Indian military officer with a five-star rank.

CISF came into existence in 1969 with a sanctioned strength of only three Battalions. Later in 1983, the CISF Act, 1968 was amended and the Central Industrial Security force was declared an Armed Force of the Union in June 1983. Eventually, with the globalization and liberalization of the economy, CISF has become a premier multi-skilled security agency of the country, mandated to provide security to major critical infrastructure installations of the county in diverse areas.

One of the primary duties of the Indian Coast Guard is to assist the Customs and other authorities in Anti-Smuggling operations. The Coast Guard assists the Customs in curbing the supply of contraband i.e goods that are illegally imported or exported through sea routes. It also coordinates closely with other central and state law enforcement/intelligence agencies to disrupt and deter the menace of smuggling.

Central Industrial Security Force is the biggest industrial security force in the world. There are 1,28,000 soldiers enrolled here. It is providing security to over 300 government and private industrial installations and laboratories in India. It also provides protection to the airports, harbors, railway stations, historical sites and nuclear power stations.

Central Industrial Security Force is the only Para Military Force to have a Fire Fighting Wing. It has a Fire-fighting Wing and provides fire protection services to 90 installations across the country. The CISF also provides security and fire protection consultancy services.