Electrostatic Charging Methods

Total charge, $q=+2.4C$
Then by quantization of charge $q=ne$
$\therefore$
number of electrons, $\quad n=\cfrac { q }{ e } =\cfrac { 2.4C }{
1.6\times { 10 }^{ -19 } } =1.5\times { 10 }^{ 19 }\quad \quad $

Electrostatic induction is the redistribution of electrical charge in an object caused by the influence of nearby charges. This phenomenon occurs in both conductors, where free electrons move, and insulators, where polarization of molecules occurs.

When a glass rod is rubbed with silk, electrons are transferred from the glass to the silk due to the difference in electron affinity. The loss of negatively charged electrons leaves the glass rod with a net positive charge.

Answer is B.

If a negatively charged object is used to charge a neutral object by induction, then the neutral object will acquire a positive charge. And if a positively charged object is used to charge a neutral object by induction, then the neutral object will acquire a negative charge.
Hence, the process due to which an uncharged body acquires electric charges when held near a charged body is called induction.

When a glass rod is rubbed with silk and brought near a GLE, the leaves of the GLE appear to diverge further.
When the glass rod touches the brass of the disc of the GLE, the free electrons from it flow to the glass rod. This causes a deficiency of electrons on the brass disc. To make up for this deficiency the electrons from the fold leaves flow towards the disc. This in turn causes electron deficiency on the gold leaves. As gold leaves as positively charged, they repel each other and hence diverge. Therefore the glass rod has a negative charge.
Hence, the charge acquired by the silk is negative charge.

Rubbing the glass rod with the silk makes it lose electrons, so it becomes positively charged.similarly rubbing the fur with the ebonite makes it lose electrons and becomes positively charged.
Since, both glass rod and fur are positively charged and like charges repel each other. So, both the glass rod and fur will repel each other.

On rubbing an ebonite rod with fur or cat's skin, the electrons from the fur gets transferred to the ebonite rod. The fur now has a deficiency of electrons and so is positively-charged. On the other hand, the ebonite rod has an excess of electrons and hence is negatively-charged. In the above example, the fur undergoes positive electrification. It should be noted that it is the electrons and not the protons that get transferred during positive (and negative) electrification.
Therefore, in this case of electric conduction, the fur losses it electrons to the ebonite rod.

On rubbing a glass rod with silk, the electrons from the glass rod get transferred to the silk. The silk now has an excess of electrons and so is negatively-charged. On the other hand, the glass rod is deficient in electrons and hence is positively-charged.
In the above example, the silk undergoes negative electrification.
Therefore, in this case of conduction, the glass rod losses it electrons to the silk.

The charge acquired by the glass rod when it is rubbed with silk is positive since electrons get transferred from glass rod to silk.  

Induction. 
Induction is the process by which an electrical effect id produced by an electrical conductor when it is exposed to the the influence of field of force.

Answer is A.

Electrostatic induction is a redistribution of electrical charge in an object, caused by the influence of nearby charges. In the presence of a charged body, an insulated conductor develops a positive charge on one end and a negative charge on the other end.
Hence, the statement is true. 

It is because both the object are rubbed with a sheet of paper and they acquires same charges so they repels each other. 

Both the balloons are charged and having same charge,  therefore they will repel each other. 

When an ebonite rod is rubbed with fur, electrons are transferred from the fur to the ebonite rod. Since the fur loses electrons, it acquires a positive charge, while the ebonite rod becomes negatively charged.

Benjamin Franklin showed for the first time that lightning and spark from our clothes are essentially the same phenomena.

When you are rubbing the glass rod with silk cloth, electrons are stripped away from the atoms in the glass and transferred to the silk cloth.

The charge transferred is q = -2 * 10^-7 C. The number of electrons transferred is n = q / e = (2 * 10^-7) / (1.6 * 10^-19) = 1.25 * 10^12 electrons. The mass transferred is m = n * mass of electron = (1.25 * 10^12) * (9.1 * 10^-31 kg) = 11.375 * 10^-19 kg, which rounds to 11.38 * 10^-19 kg.

Electrification is defined as the transfer of electrons from one body to another when they are rubbed with each other.

Negative electrification is due to the excess of electrons (compared to the normal number of electrons in a neutral atom).
For example, on rubbing a glass rod with silk, the electrons from the glass rod get transferred to the silk. The silk now has an excess of electrons and so is negatively-charged. On the other hand, the glass rod is deficient in electrons and hence is positively-charged.
In the above example, the silk undergoes negative electrification.

Positive electrification is due to the deficiency of electrons (compared to the normal number of electrons in a neutral atom).
For example, on rubbing an ebonite rod with fur or cat's skin, the electrons from the cat's skin get transferred to the ebonite rod. The cat's skin now has a deficiency of electrons and so is positively-charged. On the other hand, the ebonite rod has an excess of electrons and hence is negatively-charged. In the above example, the cat's skin undergoes positive electrification. It should be noted that it is the electrons and not the protons that get transferred during positive (and negative) electrification.

Answer is B.

On rubbing an rubber rod with fur, the electrons from the fur get transferred to the rubber rod. The fur now has a deficiency of electrons and so is positively-charged. On the other hand, the rubber rod has an excess of electrons and hence is negatively-charged.
In the above example, the fur undergoes positive electrification. It is to be noted that it is the electrons and not the protons that get transferred during positive (and negative) electrification.
Here, the transfer of electrons and mass transfer respectively takes place from fur to the rubber rod.

Answer is B.

Negative electrification is due to the excess of electrons (compared to the normal number of electrons in a neutral atom).For example, on rubbing a glass rod with silk, the electrons from the glass rod get transferred to the silk. The silk now has an excess of electrons and so is negatively-charged. On the other hand, the glass rod is deficient in electrons and hence is positively-charged.
In the above example, the silk undergoes negative electrification.
Hence, the glass rod becomes positively charged while the silk cloth has a negative charge.

When glass rod is rubbed with silk, glass happens to lose electrons easily and silk grabs them away from the glass atoms. So after rubbing, the glass becomes positively charged and the silk becomes negatively charged.

When a glass rod is rubbed with silk, it acquires a positive charge, means it is deficit of electrons i.e, electrons move from glass to silk. So glass rod becomes positively charged and silk rod is negatively charged.

Charging by friction refers to generation of charge on uncharged bodies when rubbed against each other. One of the rubbed material loses electrons and becomes positively charged and other material gains that electron and becomes negatively charged.

A comb rubbed on hair gets electrically charged. It attracts small bits of paper because opposite charges attract. So, comb and bits of paper are oppositely charged.

If a body is charged by rubbing it, then it may lose or gain electrons. Since electrons have a mass of $(9.1\times 10^{-31} :Kg)$. So, a slight weight may increase or decrease slightly.

The process suitable for  charging a glass rod is by friction,means by rubbing against a suitable substance.

When a body is rubbed over another,transfer of electrons from one body to another. Thus one body acquires a net positive charge and the other acquires net negative charge.proton and neutron are packed in the nucleus thus they cannot move.

When an ebonite rod is rubbed with fur, the ebonite rod gets negatively charged and the fur becomes positively charged. Whereas when a glass rod is rubbed with silk cloth, the glass rod becomes positively charged and the silk cloth becomes negatively charged.

When a glass rod is rubbed with silk then it gets net positive charge whereas silk gets negatively charges by electron transfer through friction.When a glass rod is rubbed with silk, it acquires a positive charge whereas silk acquires a negative charge. So, statement is not True.

When glass rod is rubbed with silk cloth, it acquires positive charge.
But when ebonite rod is rubbed with fur, the rod gets negatively charged.
So, charge developed on glass rod rubbed with silk is different from charge developed on ebonite rod rubbed with fur. Hence this statement is true.

The electricity developed on the objects when they are rubbed with each other is called Frictional electricity. On rubbing two objects, both materials get electrified due to friction produced while rubbing them. One of the body acquires negative charge and other acquires positive charge.

When woolen cloth is rubbed against the plastic, both wood and plastic get electrified due to friction produced while rubbing. So, plastic has greater electron affinity (ability to attract electrons) as compared to wool, therefore, plastic acquires negative charge and wool acquires positive charge.

When glass rod is rubbed with silk, electrons move from rod to silk.

When a polythene piece is rubbed with wool, both gets electrified due to charging by friction. Since polythene has greater electron affinity (ability to attract electrons) as compared to wool. So, polythene piece attracts electron and acquires negative charge and wool acquires positive charge.

During charging by rubbing (or by friction) process, the material that becomes negatively charged does so because it likes electrons more than the material with which it is rubbed. It means molecules in rubber rod have a stronger attraction for electrons than the molecules in the fur. 

Plastic strip when rubbed with cotton got charged due to charging by friction.
The plastic strip and cotton acquires opposite charges. This is because plastic strip acquires positive charges and loses electrons to cotton during the process, and therefore cotton acquires the negative charge.

When two objects rub each other, then due to friction, one object's electrons gets transfered to the other one.

Insulators are the materials that do not allow electrons to flow through them easily. Therefore, insulators can be easily charged by friction as the extra electrons gained cannot escape easily. 

Electron affinity refers to the relative amount of love that a material has for electrons. If atoms of a material have high electron affinity, then that material will have relatively higher love for electrons. This property of electron affinity will be of utmost importance as we consider the common method of charging i.e, charging by friction or rubbing.

According to the definition of electrostatic induction, it is a redistribution of electrical charge in an object, caused by influence of nearby charges. In the presence of a charged body, an insulated conductor develops a positive charge on one end and a negative charge on other end. Such charges are called induced charges and the process is called electrostatic induction. 

It is one of the rule of charging by induction, that if the object is not grounded, the nearby charge will induce equal and opposite charges in the object. 

Whenever an induced charge is produced in an object, the charge spreads uniformly and distribute itself on its surface. 

Electrostatic induction is a redistribution of electrical charges in an object caused by the influence of nearby charges. Electrostatic generators such as the Wimshurst machine, the Vande Graph generator use this principle. 

When a charged $CD$ is brought near the paper snippets, opposite charge is induced on the paper snippets. As opposite charges attract, paper snippets are attracted by charged $CD$. So, this is an example of charging by induction. 

In case of charging by conduction, when an uncharged conductor is touched with a charged conductor, the uncharged conductor acquires charge similar to charged conductor. It happens because of the electrons are shared at the point of contact of the conductors. 

In both the methods, i.e, charging by friction and electrostatic conduction, the two bodies are brought in contact and sharing of electrons occurs at the point of contact. So, charging by friction can be explained by electrostatic conduction. 

When a piece of ebonite is rubbed with a piece of animal fur, frictional charging process results in a transfer of electrons between the two objects. Since ebonite has much greater attraction for electrons than animal fur (electron affinity). As a result, atoms of ebonite pull electrons from atoms of animal fur, and as a result, ebonite becomes negatively charged  and animal fur becomes positively charged. 

Static electricity is an imbalance of electric charges within or on the surface of a material. The charge remains until it is able to move away by means of an electric current or electrical discharge. So, this is the definition of static electricity. 

When a glass rod is rubbed with silk, both gets electrified due to charging by function by rubbing. One of the body acquires negative charge and other positive charge due to shifting of electrons from one body to other. Since silk has greater electron affinity (ability to attract electrons) as compared to glass. So, silk acquires slight negative charge and glass acquires slight positive charge.

A balloon gets negatively charged by rubbing ceilings of wall. But this does not imply that the wall is positively charged. The balloon induces a charge of opposite sign in the ceilings of the wall, causing the ceiling and the balloon to be attracted to each other. The balloon eventually falls because its charge slowly diminishes as it leaks to ground. Some of the charge on the balloon could also be lost due to the presence of positive ions in the surrounding atmosphere, which would tend to neutralize the negative charges on the balloon.

The balloon is negatively charged on rubbing with the wall means that on rubbing, the balloon collects electrons from the wall and making it negative in respect to the wall and therefore it clings to the wall, while clinging to the wall, the electrons on the balloon leaks off the balloon and eventually leaves. The balloon at the same potential as the wall, thus when the attraction between the balloon and wall is less than the weight of the balloon, the balloon eventually falls off. 

When silk is rubbed with glass, glass happens to lose electrons easily, and silk grabs them away from the glass atoms. So, after rubbing the glass becomes positively charged and the silk becomes negatively charged. 

The part of the body nearer to the source charge gets induced charges, opposite in nature to the source charge while the other part gets those of similar nature.Thus no loss of charge.

$n=\dfrac {q}{e}=\dfrac {-3.6\times 10^{-7}C}{-1.6\times 10^{-19}C}$

In induction, the charge induced in the near surface of a dielectric is lesser and dissimilar.

Repulsion is the sure test of electrification.
Note: If two bodies are electrified (i.e., charged they can either attract or repel). If they are:
(a) attracted: this is not only possible by electrification but can also be due to the attraction of an uncharged body with charged body.
(b) repulsion: repulsion is possible only when both objects are charged oppositely.

When a glass rod is rubbed with silk cloth glass rod becomes positively charges while silk cloth becomes negatively charged. This is due to transfer or migration of electrons from glass rod to silk cloth.

When a glass rod is rubbed with silk, both gets electrified due to charging by friction. Given, glass rod acquires positive charge $=1.6\times 10^{-31}, C$. So silk acquires equal and opposite charge as that on glass rod. Hence the answer is $-1.6\times 10^{-13}, C$.