Planning and collecting data - class-IX

Primary data is the data, which is
collected for the first time by investigators. It is also known as raw
data. It is the first-hand information. It refers to the collection of
data for a specific purpose. It is original in nature. Primary data is
more reliable, accurate and adequate than the secondary data. It may be collected by mailed questionnaire method, scheduled sent through enumerators and telephonic survey.

Primary data is the data, which is
collected for the first time by investigators. It s also known as raw
data. It is the first-hand information. It refers to the collection of
data for a specific purpose. It is original in nature. Primary data is more reliable, accurate and adequate than the secondary data.

Under mailed questionnaire method, a well designed questionnaire is mailed to the informants
with a request to fill it up and return the same within the specific
time schedule. By this method, a wide range of people can be connected.

The quickest method to collect primary
data is telephonic survey. A wide range of people can be connected
through this method. People are asked questions through the use of
telephone and data is collected according to their answers. Thus, under telephonic survey method, investigator instead of presenting himself before the informants contact them on telephone and collect the desired information.

Under mailed questionnaire method, a well designed questionnaire is mailed to the informants
with a request to fill it up and return the same within the specific
time schedule. By this method, a wide range of people can be connected.

Statistical data relating to any subject
could be collected by any of the following- by actual counting, by
measurement and by estimation.By a system of measuring a particular
information, data could be collected by measurement. Whereas, by
estimation, a point estimate is calculated to obtain a statistical data.

The quickest method to collect primary data is telephonic survey. A wide range of people can be connected through this method. People are asked questions through the use of telephone and data is collected according to their answers.

If a method is the slowest of all then it becomes the demerit of that method as we need the fastest computing method.

In observation method, the data is collected from the field with the help of the observer.

There are various methods for the collection of primary data mainly in surveys and descriptive researches.

Sampling Frame refers to the set of people or objects in the population from whom the information can be collected or who can be sampled for the purpose of gathering information.

Schedules sent through enumerator is a method for collecting primary data in which schedules are sent to the enumerators and then they collect the data. It is a very time consuming method and costly.

Scientific sampling is a process in which individuals are chosen randomly that every individual present in the population has an equal chance of getting selected without any personal biasness i.e. simple random sampling.

Simple random sampling refers to the process when every individual present in the population has an equal chance of being selected without any personal judgement.

Simple random sampling can be further classified into lottery method and using the table as random numbers as every number has an equal opportunity of being selected without giving any preference to any particular number.

Multistage stratified random sampling is a type of probability sampling where the population is divided into strata and then sampled in multiple stages.

Schedules refers to the chronological pattern of collecting data which helps us to collect primary data from the primary source for the purpose to analyse a certain situation.

Secondary data is collected for purposes other than the current research problem. Therefore, it is generally used to define or understand the problem, but it is not sufficient for testing hypotheses specific to a new, unique primary research problem.

Data collection refers to the collection of data from several sources for the purpose of research so that the sampling process can be carried forward easily. Therefore, it is one of the most expensive process as it is required to be collected from various sources. 

Statistical data relating to any subject could be collected by any of the following- by actual counting, by measurement and by estimation. By a system of measuring a particular information, data could be collected by measurement. Whereas, by estimation, a point estimate is calculated to obtain a statistical data.

Statistical data should be numerically expressed and collated in a way that it enables to draw conclusions. Data should be collected with a purpose in order to for it to be accurate. It can be estimated to a degree as it may be highly impossible to collect data for the entire population, thus data that has reasonable accuracy is sufficient. 

Data should try to be collected as accurately as possible to ensure that error is minimum. As there could be undesirable consequences if the the data that is full of errors is the foundation of future research. 

Secondary data is second hand data, it is data that has already been collected (likely with a different purpose in mind) and/or published. 

In order to  save time and money, economists may collect their data by the use of samples.An observed set of the population that
has been selected for analysis is called a sample. A sample is a small
part of the whole information.

Data is collection of information regarding the comparative things. Data can consist both qualitative as well as quantitative information. It is usually formatted in a specific way.

When data is classified on the basis of attribute it is termed as qualitative data. Qualitative data highlights the quality of the information. Attribute gets the special emphasis in analysing the data.

The estimation of consumer demand by questioning a sample of consumer is referred to as the consumer survey approach. Estimation of consumer demand helps to analyse consumer's behaviour.

After
doing the thorough calculation of consumer demand by setting up
stimulated stores, providing a sample of consumers with money, and then
allowing them to purchase and keep the commodities they select in the
stores is called the consumer clinic approach. It is also known as 'Laboratory type' experiment. By this approach, a sample of consumers is given a specific budget and asked to plan out their expenditure.

The entities on which data are
collected is known as variables. A data item is also called as a
variable. For example, age, sex, income, etc are referred as variables.

For checking how many students scored above  80% marks in class, direct investigation should be conducted to collect the necessary data. Hence, direct investigation should be the source of data. Direct investigation is conducted by collecting the data directly from the students of the respective class.

Organizations that use primary data are both- CSO(Central Statistics Office) and Census of India. Primary data is also known as raw data. It is the first hand information.

Indirect oral investigation method of collection of data is to be used when the source is reluctant to give the information. People who have sufficient knowledge about the issue, are asked questions and data is obtained from their answers.

Collected data should be quantitative. Quantitative data consists of numerical variables. It measures the counts in numerical terms.

Secondary data is the second-hand information since the secondary  data is not collected or gathered by the user. It should be accurate, reliable and suitable. For example, government censs report is a secondary data.

Primary data is also known as raw data. It is the first-hand information. Data collected or gathered by research institutions is primary data. Primary data is collected only for a specificc purpose.

Primary data is also known as raw data. It is the first hand information. It is collected by all of the following- indirect praline view, telephone survey and mailed questions.

A data item is also called as a
variable. For example, age, sex, income, etc are referred as variables. A characteristic of interest of an elements is called a variable.

The most expensive way of
collecting data is questionnaire through enumerator. Since the
arrangements are to be done for the enumerator to question the
population.

Primary data is the data, which is
collected for the first time by investigators. It s also known as raw
data. It is the first-hand information. It refers to the collection of
data for a specific purpose. It is original in nature since it is collected directly by the user.

Primary data is the data, which is
collected for the first time by investigators. It s also known as raw
data. It is the first-hand information. It refers to the collection of
data for a specific purpose. The sources from where primary data can be collected are known as primary sources.

'Collection of data' refers to systematic recording of results either by counting or by enumeration. Collecting data by enumeration is much more expensive than collecting data by counting.

Primary data is the data, which is
collected for the first time by investigators. It s also known as raw
data. It is the first-hand information. It refers to the collection of
data for a specific purpose. Primary data is collected by the following organizations- Central statistical Organization, Reserve Bank of India and National Sample Survey.

For getting periodical information, the best way to seek data is to collect it from the information received from local agencies. Periodical information refers to the data on the regular issues. Hence, local agencies can provide the best information.

Secondary data is the second-hand information as it is not collected by the user. Thus, secondary data refers to the data which is already collected and published by other authorities. For example, government census report is a secondary data.

Experiment is not a method of data collection. Experiment is a procedure which can be repeated for indefinite times. It is also known as trial.

Secondary data is the second-hand information since the secondary  data
is not collected or gathered by the user. It should be accurate,
reliable and suitable. For example, government census report is a
secondary data. Thus, secondary data that we originally collected at an
earlier time by a different person for a different purpose. It is already published data.

Information received from local agencies method of collecting information is usually adopted by newspaper agencies. Information received from local agencies are primary data, but when it is adopted by newspaper agencies it becomes the secondary data.

Under questionnaire sent through enumerators method  of enquiry, the trained enumerators personally visits the
informants and explain the objectives of enquiry, ask questions and
record their replies. More reliable and accurate data can be obtained by this method since there is a face to face communication between the informants and the investigator.

Under indirect oral interview method of data collection, investigators collect data by contacting
third-party or informants who are supposed to possess the information
on the problem under investigation. This method is usually used when the sensitive questions are to be asked, such as questions regarding income, illegal activities, etc.

Under direct personal interview method of data collection, investigators personally visit the respondents, ask them questions pertaining to the enquiry and collect the desired information. By this method more accurate and reliable data can be obtained as there is face to face communication.

Primary data is the data, which is
collected for the first time by investigators. It is also known as raw
data. It is the first-hand information. It refers to the collection of
data for a specific purpose. It is original in nature. Primary data is
more reliable, accurate and adequate than the secondary data. it may be collected by direct personal interview, indirect oral interview and by information received from local agencies or correspondents.

Secondary data is the second-hand information since the secondary  data
is not collected or gathered by the user. It should be accurate,
reliable and suitable. For example, government census report is a
secondary data. Thus, secondary data that we originally collected at an earlier time by a different person for a different purpose.

It is not possible for statistical data to be 100% accurate. Statistical facts can be affected by multiple causes, there is a lot of scope for error to be embedded in the data collected, one reason is that there may be biases on the part of the interviewer and/or the interviewee. Thus, large samples are taken to ensure reasonable degree of accuracy.

The source note is required if secondary data is used since secondary data is second-hand information. It is not collected directly by the user. Therefore, source not is required.

Under indirect interview method of
data collection, investigators collect data by contacting
third-party or informants who are supposed to possess the information
on the problem under investigation. In case of rail accident, the appropriate method of data collection is by indirect interview.

Statistical survey is a scientific process of collection and analysis of numerical data. It helps to examine and analyse the characteristics of a given population. Proper statistical methodology is used to conduct statistical survey.

Secondary data collection are data which have already been collected for the purpose other than problem at hand. These data can be located for purposes quickly and inexpensively.