Animal Kingdom Classification - Class-IX

Cats are placed under the kingdom Animalia, and phylum Chordata, the class Mammalia, and order Carnivora. Cats do belongs to Felidae family and are classified with the genus Felis. So, the correct answer is (A).

Sapiens, Americana, Rotundus are species of different organisms. But, Hemidactylus is a genus of the gecko family. So, the correct answer is (D).

Ctenophores are characterized by eight rows of cilia, which are used for locomotion. The cilia in each row are arranged to form a stack of combs, also called comb plates, or ctenes; thus the name ctenophore comes from the Greek, meaning "comb bearer. 

Parasitology is the study of parasitic relationship where one animals live and subsist on other animals and organisms. This study is determined by the relationship between the organisms and their hosts and their way of life and draws inference.

Aristotle, the greek philosopher and scientist wrote the number of books in different fields. However, his works include History of Animals i.e., Historia Animalium is a natural history text written in the fourth century BC and Aristotle died in 322 BC. Thus, the correct answer is option C.

Operculum is found in fishes.

Porifera are known as pore bearers because they have tiny sized pores all over their bodies.

Tapeworm belongs to Platyhelminthes.

Spiny skin is the specific characteristic of the phylum Echinodermata.

The molluscs have a calcareous shell covering the body. However, a soft and spongy layer of skin is present over the visceral hump of molluscs, forming the mantle. Echinoderms do not have a soft body. They have calcareous endoskeleton making it spiny bodies. Poriferans have pores all over the body. Therefore, they are also not soft bodied. Moreover, sponges also bear spicules or spongin fibres. 

Jointed legs is the exclusive characteristic of the phylum Arthropoda.

There are three living genera of primitive mammals from Australia classified as Monotremes-The Duck billed platypus and 2 genera of Echidna.

Silverfish is an insect.

A heterotroph is an organism that cannot produce its own food and rely on others for its food requirement. Most animals fall in the category of heterotrophs. They are not able to synthesize their own food. They usually eat autotrophs (plants) to obtain the energy. The types of heterotrophs include herbivores, those who eat plants; carnivores, those who eat other animals; omnivores, those who eat both plants and animals. 

In earthworms, members of the phylum Annelida, the excretory system consists of structural units called nephridia. The nephridium is an invertebrate organ which occurs in pairs and performs a function similar to the vertebrate kidney. Nephridia remove metabolic wastes from an animal's body. Cockroach belongs to class Arthropoda because it has jointed appendages and the hard exoskeleton. Crocodiles are reptiles, not amphibians because they lay their eggs on the land, not in the water.

Kingdom Animalia includes multicellular, eukaryotic organisms that are heterotrophic and characteristically lack a rigid cell wall. Other options fail because animals are strictly heterotrophic, may have simple body plans without complex nervous systems or specialized division of labor in very primitive forms.

In Animalia (kingdom of multicellular consumers), the members are eukaryotic, multicellular, heterotrophic consumers. They feed on other organism and thus called as consumers. They contain glycogen or fat as reserve food.

Liver flukes and tapeworm are Platyhelminthes while roundworm and guinea worm are nematodes.
Prawn, millipede and crab are arthropods, while Nereis is an annelid.
Sea urchin and sea lily are echinoderms, while sea fan and sea pen are Cnidarians.
Oyster, ship worm, octopus, cuttle fish all belong to the phylum Mollusca.
Thus, the correct answer is option B.

The attainment of sexual maturity with the retention of at least some larval morphology and reproduction of larval individuals is known as paedogenesis. Hence, the correct answer is option A.

Monocystis is an endoparasite in the seminal vesicle and coelom of earthworms. It belongs to order of Gregarinida. Monocystis is a monogenetic parasite, which means its life cycle is completed in a single host that is earthworm. Hence, option A is correct.

Turtles are reptiles characterised by a special bony or cartilaginous shell. They are air-breathing animal which lays eggs on land.

Animals are multicellular eukaryotes that form the kingdom Animalia. They occupy a variety of habitats and are found all across the world. It has been estimated that there are around 7 million animal species in the world out of which, 1.5 million have been discovered so far and are being studied. Out of these 1.5 million living animals, 1 million are insects. 

The organisms placed in the kingdom Animalia are multicellular, eukaryotic organisms which exhibit certain features. These organisms have a heart which is divided into different chambers. The contraction and relaxation of these chambers help in the circulation of the blood. The animals are oviparous which lay eggs and there are some animals which give birth to the young ones. These animals are coelomate as there is a gastrovascular cavity in the animals. 

•  A cockroach has 10 pairs of spiracles on its body, out of which, two are present on its thorax and the rest are present on its abdomen.
  
• The alimentary canal of Pheretima consists of pharynx among other organs.
  
• The body of the frog is divisible into head and trunk.
  

Kingdom Animalia is classified into 36 phyla on the basis of similarity and dissimilarity. Phyla are further divided into the class.
Phylum Porifera belongs to the animal kingdom which has the cellular level of organization.
Phylum of the animal kingdom which has tissue level of organization are Arthropoda, Platyhelminthes, Nematoda, Cnidaria, Annelida, Echinodermata, Mollusca and Chordata.
Thus, the correct answer is option D.

Jellyfish have an incomplete digestive system as the same orifice is used for both food intake and waste expulsion. Mollusk and earthworm have a complete digestive system with distinct openings for food intake and waste expulsion. 

Amniotic membrane is the innermost layer of the placenta consisting of a thick basement membrane
and an avascular stromal matrix. This is a thin tough and transparent  pair of membranes that form a sac in which the fetus of tetrapods vertebrates such as reptiles, birds and mammals develop. Thus, the correct answer is option C.

Tiger is a carnivore animal which feeds on the flesh of the other organisms. This animal is commonly found in the forests. Due to the activity of the poachers and hunters, the number of these animals have been greatly reduced. The animals are hunted for the skin, bones, teeth and nails. The project tiger was initiated to protect the tigers.

Kingdom Animalia consists of organisms that range from the simplest of the animal forms to the most complex. 
Currently 1.7 million living organisms are known to science. Out of these 1.2 million are animals and about 0.5 millions.

Ticks and mites are the groups of organisms that belong to the family Arthropoda and subclass Acarina. So the study of these Acarina organisms is called as acarology.

Fungi take their nutrition by absorbing organic compounds from the surrounding environment. Monera kingdom contains unicellular prokaryotic organism. Kingdom Plantae consists of multicellular photosynthetic eukaryotes. Kingdom Animalia has multicellular eukaryotic  organisms which consume organic matter and hence maximum nutritional diversity is found in this group.

The correct answer is B.

In Taenia solium both self-fertilization and cross-fertilization occur. In self-fertilization, sperms produced in proglottid fertilize the ova produced in the same proglottid. In cross-fertilization, sperms produced in a proglottid fertilize ova produced in another mature proglottid of the same worm. In paragonimus and dugesia self-fertilization is absent.

Tetrapods are four-limbed vertebrates, which include the classes Amphibia, Reptilia, Aves (birds), and Mammalia.

Superclass Tetrapoda comprises the first four-limbed vertebrates which include amphibians, reptiles, mammals, birds and some extinct fishes. It is characterized by the cranium, vertebral column, ventral heart and pulmonary respiration.

Lobsters, snails and oysters all have significantly visible shells on their bodies.

Threadworms are a type of roundworms.

Molluscs do not have segmentation in their bodies.

Sea cucumber belongs to Echinodermata.

The animal kingdom is incredibly diverse, most animals limits on animal size and shape and lifestyle.

Animals show different types of body organization. They are multicellular.
Animals can be Asymmetric, Radial and Bilateral symmetric.  Most of the animals are triploblastic. They obtain nutrients by ingestion, so they have a heterotrophic mode of nutrition. They store glycogen as the reserve food material.
Hence, the correct answer is 'Storage of carbohydrate as starch'.

Plantae- Plant kingdom

• Ophiura or the serpent star is a species of the brittle star in the order Ophiurida belonging to the phylum Echinodermata and class Ophiuroidea.
• Antedon is a genus of free-swimming, stemless crinoids belonging to the phylum Echinodermata and class Crinoidea.
  
• Cucumaria is a genus of sea cucumbers belonging to the phylum Echinodermata and class Holothuroidea.
  
• Hence Echinodermata - Ophiura, Antedon, and Cucumaria is a correct matching set of Phylum and its three examples.
• So, the correct answer is 'Echinodermata - Ophiura, Antedon, and Cucumaria'.

Autotrophy is the ability of organisms to synthesise their own food from inorganic materials using light or chemical energy. This is seen in all green plants, some bacteria and algae. Animals, however, have a heterotrophic mode of nutrition. They acquire their food from other organisms. Animals, therefore, do not show autotrophy. 

Multicellular animals have a dominant diploid life cycle (diplontic cycle) with the haploid generation reduced to the egg and sperm. The branches Radiata and Bilateria both include multicellular organisms, with Bilaterians a step more advanced than Radiata in multicellular complexity. Therefore both exhibit a diploid dominant life cycle. 

The subkingdom Parazoa includes multicellular organisms having less-specialized cells than in the Metazoa. It includes the phylum Porifera (sponges) and the organisms under this phylum lack tissues with a mass of cell embedded in a gelatinous matrix. Jellyfishes belong to the phylum Cnidaria and they do not belong to this subkingdom. 

Acellular word was given by Dobell and Hyman. Acellular is described as tissues or organisms that are not made up of separate cells but often have more than one nucleus and made up of proteins e.g., virus. Hence option A is correct.

Aristotle classified the animals into two groups, 'Anima' (animals with no red blood, invertebrates) and 'Enaima' (animals with red blood, vertebrates). 'Enaima' was further divided into 'Ovipara' and 'vivipara'. 

Deuterostomes are groups of animals that have true body cavities, in which the anus develops from the first opening in the embryo and the mouth develops later. All chordates are deuterostomes.

Animals are multicellular, eukaryotic organisms. All animals are heterotrophs, i.e., they can not synthesize their own food and depend on other organism for food.

Heterotrophs are organisms that obtain their food from other organisms as they cannot produce their own food. In food chains, they are usually secondary or tertiary consumers. The heterotroph hypothesis states that the first living organism was a heterotroph. It also assumed that the anaerobic heterotrophs
evolved first.

Pennatula (sea fan) belongs to the Phylum Cnidaria and class Anthozoa. Beroe (comb jelly) belongs to the phylum Ctenophora. Monocystis belongs to the phylum Protozoa and class Telospora. Wuchereria belongs to Aschelminthes. Cliona belongs to the Porifera phylum and class demospongiae. 

• Rotifers are multicellular, microscopic and free-living microscopic or near-microscopic multicellular pseudocoelomate animals. Hence multicellular nature and small size
• .They belong to the phylum Rotifera
• They are characterized by having specialized organ systems and a complete digestive tract that includes both a mouth and anus. Since these characteristics are all uniquely animal characteristics, rotifers are recognized as animals or metazoans, even though they are microscopic.
  
• Rotifers are called wheel animalcules because their corona is composed of several ciliated tufts around the mouth i.e ring of cilia, that in motion resemble a wheel. Hence Characteristic of rotifers is small size, ring of cilia and multicellular nature.
• So, the correct answer is 'All the above'.

Plants store complex carbohydrates as starch and animals store them as glycogen in the muscles and liver. Glycogen is the storage form of glucose in animals and humans which is analogous to the starch in plants. Glycogen is synthesized and stored mainly in the liver and the muscles. Animals do not have a cell wall but instead, have the outermost plasma membrane or cell membrane on the exterior and with well-developed organelles enclosed in membranes (eukaryotes) and are also multicellular (being made of more than one cell) and are heterotrophic as animals cannot make their own food.