Health, Hygiene, and Physical Wellness - Class V

Cleanliness is fundamental to preventing the spread of germs and maintaining personal and public health.

Effective cleanliness reduces the presence of pathogens that cause diseases and removes hazards that could lead to accidents, making both A and C correct.

A lack of cleanliness can negatively impact a country's global image and discourage tourism, which are interconnected factors.

Cleanliness contributes to a positive personal image (personality) and promotes better social interaction and health (social well-being).

Open defecation is a major public health hazard that spreads diseases through contamination and creates offensive odors in the environment.

Many times cleaners don't get respect from society or wherever he/she is cleaning, their jobs for other people are considered as responsible job. They have to tolerate many bad or foul smell day by day. Also, they do not get holiday even on some special occations. But here best suitable optoin will be both A and B.

Responsible person contributes in public sanitation by following ways:

Diarrhoea is a water-borne disease directly linked to poor sanitation and contaminated water sources.

The only way to keep clean environment is to make this habit of cleanliness on daily routine basis. As it is essential for every human beings to avoid unhealthy or bad effect on body. We should have the habit of clean daily or near to houses where we live for the better or good health and fresh environment.

If nobody will select the cleaning jobs, their will be to accumulation of dirt and trash in the streets or nearby houses. As due to accumulation of waste their will be bad odour which causes diseases spread and health issues.

Municipal cleaning attendantes clean locality, roads, station, septic lands, etc.

People choose cleaning jobs because they are illiterate, sometimes due to their household conditions they have to choose as they are unemployed. Some people like to clean surroundings or live to be healthy or clean life so they choose.

Sanitation is hygienic practices of promoting health through prevention of human contact with the hazards of wastes as well as the treatment and proper disposal of sewage or wastewater. It is the provision of drinking clean water and safe disposal of human urine and faeces.

Lack of sanitation results in contamination of water, food and soil. Proper sanitation practices will result in proper disposal of waste and reduce contamination of water and food to a large extent. The list of diseases that could be reduced with proper access to sanitation and hygiene practices is very long some of which can be Hepatitis, cholera, dengue, malaria, malnutrition, typhoid etc. Polio is another disease which is related to improper sanitation and hygiene. 

Sanitation is hygienic practices of promoting health through prevention of human contact with the hazards of wastes as well as the treatment and proper disposal of sewage or wastewater. It is the provision of drinking clean water and safe disposal of human urine and faeces. Sanitation can be emphasized even simply by personal hygiene practices such as handwashing with soap, proper household practices.

Physical exercise helps improve bodily functions. It prevents the body from mental and physical illnesses. A person with a sedentary lifestyle is more prone to diseases and infections than a person with little or more working lifestyle. 

Lack of sanitation and poor hygiene lead to frequent infections, which interfere with nutrient absorption and physical development, causing stunted growth and malnutrition.

To improved health, it is necessary to follow some good and basic hygienic behaviour particularly hand-washing with soap after defecating and before eating or preparing food. Handwashing with soap can significantly reduce the incidence of diarrhea. Good hand-washing practices have shown to reduce the incidence of other diseases, notably pneumonia, trachoma, scabies, skin and eye infections and diarrhoea-related diseases like cholera and dysentery. Therefore, the correct answer is option A.

Conjunctivitis is the inflammation of the conjunctiva which is caused due to bacteria. The bacterial growth in the eye may result in reddening, swelling and watering of the eyes. The infection is contagious and spreads from one infected person to other. The towel or the handkerchief which is used to wipe the eye is the source of transmission of the bacterial infection. The other person using the items may also suffer from infection. 

Personal hygiene is a part of the prevention of infection or disease. Personal hygiene includes the approaches which can be undertaken with regard to self to prevent the occurrence of infection. Maintaining good hygiene and cleanliness, taking care of own skin, eating healthy food, drinking boiled water, etc. are some of the measures which can be taken by individual level and are a part of personal hygiene.

Sweepers are the municipal workers specifically tasked with the cleaning of public streets and local public areas.

Physical exercise involves both the contraction and relaxation of muscles, which helps improve muscle tone, strength, and flexibility.

• Lifestyle changes you can make to lower your blood pressure are:

• Aerobic exercise is any type of cardiovascular conditioning. 
• It can include activities like brisk walking, jogging, swimming, running, cycling or yoga.
•  By definition, aerobic exercise means “with oxygen.” Your breathing and heart rate will increase during aerobic activities. 
• Hence, the aerobic exercise is Jogging, Swimming and Yoga. 
• So, the correct answer is 'All of the above'.

• Exercise can improve cholesterol. 
• Moderate physical activity can help raise high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, the "good" cholesterol. 
• Adding physical activity, even in short intervals several times a day, can help you begin to lose weight. Taking a brisk daily walk during your lunch hour, Riding your cycle to work, Playing a favourite sport or swimming.

Diseases might be prevented by behavioral changes, such as quitting smoking, adopting a healthy diet, and increasing physical activity. Therefore, (d) is the correct answer.

An important way to maintain your personal health is to have a healthy diet. A healthy diet includes a variety of plant and animal-based foods that provide all the essential nutrients to our body. 

Hence, the correct option is C.

Community health services include a multitude of medical and social services for those who may not have access to affordable healthcare. These services include school and health education, hygienic environment, control of communicable diseases, counseling and support diseases, rehabilitation programs. It aims to keep individuals and families in better health by taking into account their environment and social conditions, encouraging individuals and community groups to actively participate in the centre’s activities, including service planning, fundraising and volunteer work. Thus, the correct answer is option D.

Too much sitting and other sedentary activities can increase the risk of cardiovascular disease. One study showed that adults who watch more than 4 hours of television a day had a 46% increased risk of death from any cause and an 80% increased risk of death from cardiovascular disease. Becoming more active can help lower your blood pressure and also boost your levels of good cholesterol. 

Regular physical exercise is an essential to the body and can relieve various mental issues such as anxiety, tension, and depression. The act of exercising leads to the release of hormones that makes a human happy and a feel-good sensation. 

Explosive population growth creates lot of problems like drinking water issues,sanitation etc.

During operating between two patients personal hygiene of the doctor is very important. Washing of hands thoroughly, sterile equipments used, use of personal masks and gloves, safe handling practices etc. Therefore, (d) is the correct answer.

Washing of hands at regular intervals before and after cooking of food, after using the toilets and other courses of work done before touching food is essential. Hands are the easiest way of transmitting the infection to the mouth. Washing of hands reduces the spread of germs, bacteria and foodborne illnesses to the body through contamination. 

Fecal or oral transmission can be prevented by proper sewage treatments, water filtration before use, thorough hand washing, good hygiene practices, and public awareness, etc. Therefore, (c) is the correct answer.

Personal cleanliness includes clean clothes and home. Washing clothes regularly remove odors and keeping the home clean reduces bacteria that helps to prevent infections and contributes to overall well-being. 

Brushing of teeth twice a day is recommended even by doctors for strong gums and teeth. It is a part of personal hygiene. If proper care is not taken it may lead to the cavity in the teeth and hence, blackening. Cavity further can result in severe pain and also fall of teeth. Brushing, if not done properly can also lead to bad breath which is not considered clean. 

Personal hygiene encompasses various practices to maintain cleanliness, including bathing and brushing teeth, to prevent disease and maintain health.

Healthy habits of an individual are associated with personal hygiene. Healthy habits such as cleanliness of the body parts, household, surrounding environment, sufficient sleep, regular physical activity etc., are important for a healthy lifestyle. 

Sanitation primarily refers to the hygienic means of promoting health through prevention of human contact with the hazards of wastes. The disposal of urine and faeces is the core focus of sanitation systems.

The F-diagram is a standard model used in public health to illustrate the pathways of fecal-oral disease transmission. It tracks how pathogens move from feces to a new host via fingers, flies, fields, fluids, or food.

Removal and proper disposal of garbage, sewage and other wastes, elimination of breeding places of flies, mosquitoes etc.

Sleep is an essential component to maintain a healthy life. Insufficient sleep may increase the risk of developing high blood pressure and cardiovascular disease. Poor sleep has been linked to many medical conditions, including obesity. Many experts suggest that quality sleep is as important to your health and well-being as good nutrition and exercise. 

Personal hygiene refers to the maintenance of cleanliness and health at an individual level. Taking a regular bath is a direct action to maintain personal cleanliness.

Lack of sanitation is a major indicator and consequence of poverty. It often creates a cycle where poor living conditions lead to poor health, which in turn limits economic opportunities.

Sanitation is hygienic practices of promoting health through prevention of human contact with the hazards of wastes as well as the treatment and proper disposal of sewage or wastewater. It is the provision of drinking clean water and safe disposal of human urine and faeces. The overall purposes of sanitation are to provide a healthy living environment for everyone, to protect the natural resources and to provide safety, security and dignity for people when they defecate or urinate.

Physical exercise enhances or maintains physical fitness. It strengthens muscles and improves the cardiovascular system. Regular physical activity can also lower the blood pressure and improve the cholesterol levels. No physical activity results in increased risk of cardiovascular disease. 

Numerical corporation, Municipalties, lower area committies etc are local bodies. They look after problems of forms, cities or large villages.

Personal hygiene is a part of the prevention of infection or disease. Personal hygiene includes the approaches which can be undertaken with regard to self to prevent the occurrence of infection. Maintaining good hygiene and cleanliness, taking care of own skin, eating healthy food, drinking boiled water, etc. are some of the measures which can be taken by individual level and are a part of personal hygiene. Regular exercise and proper sleep help to maintain the body healthy and free of infections. 

All the above options are functions of local bodies. The local bodies act at the level of cities, towns and large villages.

Personal hygiene may be described as the principle of maintaining cleanliness and grooming of the external body. It leads to better health, and prevent illness and infection from bacteria or viruses. 

Municipal corporation comes under the category of local bodies. It reaches at local level and look after their sanitation, vaccination etc issues.

Cleaning jobs encompass various scales and environments. Housekeeping, personal cleaning, and public sanitation are all distinct categories of maintenance and hygiene work.

• The word yoga literally means to 'unite', and refers to the union of mind and body.
• A complete yoga breathing practice includes calming, balancing and simulating practices which promotes to clean the respiratory system and keeping it healthy.
• It also helps in improving the strength and flexibility of the chest muscles.
• It helps improving the alignment of the ribs and spine.
  
• It helps in maintaining and mental concentration.
• So, the correct answer is 'All of the above'.

• Physical activity helps prevent or reduce health problems. 
• It also helps manage your child's weight. 
•  Other benefits of keeping your child active are it boosts self-esteem by helping children feel confident about their bodies and appearance.
• Hence, Children must be physically active for at least 60 minutes every day.
• So, the correct answer is '60 minutes'.

Several outbreaks worldwide caused by the presence of E. histolytica have been reported associated with sewage contamination.