Animal breeding - class-VIII

Malvi is a well-known Indian cattle breed primarily used for drought purposes. Gir and Sahiwal are primarily milch breeds, while Deoni is a dual-purpose breed.

The dog is a domesticated canid, which has been selectively bred for the millennium for various behaviors, sensory capabilities, and physical attributes.

Animal husbandry is a comprehensive branch of agriculture concerned with the care, management, and breeding of livestock for human benefit.

Dogs are the earliest animals made as pets. The first potential evidence of dog domestication dates back to 30,000 B.C., in the form of a wolflike creature found in a cave in Belgium. Other evidence suggests dogs weren't domesticated until thousands of years later. Before they were pets, dogs helped human hunt and cats helped guard grain supplies by keeping rats and mice away. Eventually, people started to treat these animals more like pets. At present human-canine bonding is the mutually beneficial and dynamic relationship between human and dogs that is studied by psychologists, anthropologists and ethologists.

The branch of science dealing with the study of various breeds of domesticated animals and their management for obtaining better products from them is known as animal husbandry. The term husbandry derives from the word husband which means one who takes care. When it incorporates the study of the proper utilization of economically important domestic animals, it is called as livestock management.

Apiculture, also known as beekeeping, is the maintenance of honey bee colonies, commonly in hives, by humans.

Cows sleep for approximately 4 hrs a day

• Animal husbandry is defined as the agricultural practice of breeding and raising livestock. 
• Poultry such as chicken, duck, quails, etc., are reared for eggs and meat. Animals such as cows and buffaloes are reared for milk. 
• Goats are reared for milk and meat and sheep are reared for meat and wool. 

• Milk production in cattle depends on the lactation period which means till what period/duration the female produces milk, food type it affects as what type of food she is eating and is nutritious  milking time is in a day how many hours it gives milk, and also breed to which breed does it belongs, like a Jersey which is a high milk yielding milk

• Cattle husbandry is done for the milk production, for agricultural work in the farms, meat products like beef, hide production (their skin is removed and collagen is extracted from it.)

• The wool is obtained from the body of many animals. Yak, sheep, camel, goat are the common animals that produce fur on their body which can be obtained and used in the production of wool. 
• The woolly dog is not used for yielding wool. These are the dogs that are found in the cold regions. 

As silk is obtained from the cocoon of the silkworm. Wool is obtained from the fleece of sheep.

• The sheep produce two types of fibres which can be used for the production of wool. The coarse type of fibres is produced near the chin like a beard. The smooth form of fibres is produced on the skin which is used for the production of high-quality wool. 

• Yak wool is common in Tibet and Ladakh it is produced from the coat hair of the yak.

• The wool is obtained from the body of many animals. Yak, sheep, camel, goat are the common animals which produce fur on their body which can be obtained and used in the production of wool. 
• The lion does not produce fur. These animals are not used for obtaining wool. 

• Angora is the wool produced by Angora rabbits that are found in many countries. 
• However, the main commercial production of Angora wool is from China and Chile. 
• It is obtained by shearing the rabbits. No other animal produces Angora wool. Thus the correct answer is option C.

• Man is an omnivorous species and depends on other plants and animals for food, many animals like fowl, fish, pig, etc are used for foods like egg, chicken, beef, pork, etc.

• Animal husbandry can be defined ad to the practice of selectively breeding and raising livestock to promote desirable traits in animals for utility, sport, pleasure, or research. 

Animal-based farming includes different types of farming like cattle farming, goat farming, sheep farming, poultry farming, and fish farming.

The correct answer is 'Option a and b'

The correct answer is 'option a and b'

The lactation period is the period of milk production after the birth of a calf when the lactation period has increased the production of milk also increases.

Proper shelter facilities should be there for the cattle, the shelter should be well-ventilated roofed sheds to protect them from heat, cold, and rain.

Foreign or exotic species like Jersey and Brown Swiss are used for long lactation periods in cattle husbandry.

The correct answer is 'option a and b'

cows are classified as draught breeds in this type the males are strong and used for the agriculture purpose and the cows are having poor milk yields, Daily breeds are called milch and they have high milk yields and the dual purpose breeds they have average milk yields and the males are very useful and strong.

The correct answer is 'Option a and b'

Animals which are reared or domesticated for milk and are rich in production of milk are called as milch animals. In India, the primary milch animals are cows, buffaloes, goat and camel. Thus, the correct answer is option D.

Ducks, turkeys, and fish are all commonly raised for meat or egg production in agricultural settings.

The raising and care of bees for commercial or agricultural purposes is known as apiculture. It is the maintenance of honeybee colonies, commonly in hives, by humans. A beekeeper keeps bees in order to collect honey and other products of the hive (including beeswax, propolis, pollen and royal jelly) to pollinate crops. A location where bees are kept is called as an apiary or bee yard. Hence, option B is correct.

Apiculture is the scientific method of rearing honey bees for the production of honey and wax.

Apiculture is correctly matched with Honey Bee. Sericulture is the rearing of silkworms, and Pisciculture is the rearing of fish.

Rearing of bees is called as apiculture. It is called as beekeeping. It deals with the commercial production of honey by maintaining man-made honey bee colonies. Sericulture is also called as silk farming. In this, silkworms is cultivated to produce silk. Silviculture deals with the cultivation of trees. Horticulture deals with the garden cultivation and management. So, the correct answer is 'Apiculture'.

The Arabian is the original race horse. When the English breeders wanted to add speed and endurance to their horses, they turned to the Arabian. The result was the Thoroughbred. But the Arabian was the source, its blood and spirit created the Sport of Kings. Hence, Arabian Race Horse has developed through human efforts.

Stilbestrol (Diethylstilbestrol) is a synthetic estrogen used in veterinary medicine to induce lactation in non-pregnant animals.

Gonadotropin releasing hormone is a decapeptide that plays a vital role in regulating the reproductive processes. Release of this hormone from hypothalamus occurs in a pulsatile fashion and it is regulated by various internal and external signals. GnRH has its primary effects at the pituitary gonadotrope and stimulates the the gonadotropins luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH).

• Indigenous breeds of an organisms means the organism is native to the area.
• Such breeds are developed in a particular area.
• Frieswal, Sahiwal and Dangi are indegenous breeds of diary cows whereas, Jersey is an exotic breed (belonging to another region).

Amrit Mahal is a breed of cattle, which is originated from Halikar breed cattle. Deoni is a native breed of cattle in India. Baragur is the breed of cattle native to the bargur forests hills. 

Smaller species normally have a shorter gestation period than larger animals. For example, a cat's gestation normally takes 58-65 days while an elephant takes nearly 2 years (22 months). The average gestation period of an elephant is about 640 to 660 days or roughly 95 weeks. Elephants have the longest gestation period of all mammals. 

Sweet clover poisoning is caused when feeding moldy sweet-clover hay or silage that contains dicoumarol. Dicoumarol is a toxic compound that is produced through weathering of a normal component of sweet clover called coumarol. It is the dicoumarol that causes the sweet clover poisoning, preventing normal blood clotting and causing extensive hemorrhaging. When sweet clover becomes spoiled or is improperly cured the coumarol is converted to the toxic substance dicoumarol. This toxin interferes with the metabolism and synthesis of vitamin K. 

• Animal agriculture is responsible for 20%-33% of all freshwater consumption in the world today. Animal agriculture is the leading cause of species extinction, ocean dead zones, water pollution, and habitat destruction. 
• Animal agriculture contributes to species extinction in many ways. In addition to the monumental habitat destruction caused by clearing forests and converting land to grow feed crops and for animal grazing, predators and "competition" species are frequently targeted and hunted because of a perceived threat to livestock profits. 
• The widespread use of pesticides, herbicides and chemical fertilizers used in the production of feed crops often interferes with the reproductive systems of animals and poison waterways. 
• Animal agriculture is responsible for up to 91% of Amazon destruction. 

Mehsana is a dairy breed of buffalo found in Mehsana town in Gujarat. The breed is evolved out of crossbreeding between the Surti and the Murrah. The milk yield is 1200-1500 kgs.