Council of ministers - class-VI

The Union Council of Ministers exercises executive authority in the Republic of India. It consists of senior ministers, called 'cabinet ministers', junior ministers, called 'ministers of state'. The Union Council of Ministers comprises of 15 to 20 senior ministers collectively called the Cabinet. It is headed by the Prime Minister.

The Charter of 1726 imposed several checks on the legislative powers of the Governor and Council, including requirements that laws be reasonable, consistent with English law, and subject to approval by the Board of Directors.

The Shimla Conference failed primarily because Jinnah and the Muslim League demanded the exclusive right to nominate all Muslim members to the Executive Council, which the Congress and the Viceroy could not accept.

The prime minister of India as addressed to in the constitution of India is the chief advisor to the President of India, head of the council of ministers and leader of the majority party in parliament.

Chaudhary Devi Lal was an Indian politician who served as Chief Minister of Haryana, first in 1977–79 and then in 1987–89. Hence, Option A is correct. He did not contest elections in rest of the states, hence, the other options are incorrect. 

Their role and power is restricted to a particular state unlike ministers of central government who can excise their power throughout the country.

Minister presides over the Ministries of Government, and carries out the policy determined by the Cabinet and approved by Parliament.

Necessary information to the ministers is provided by secretaries of each ministry.

The Prime Minister is the head of the Council of Ministers and presides over cabinet meetings, setting the agenda and coordinating government policy.

While the President is the formal or de jure head of state, the Prime Minister is the real or de facto executive head, exercising actual power with the Council of Ministers.

If the parliament is bicameral, then the government is responsible first to the parliament's lower house, which has more numerical strength, which is always directly elected and thus more representative than the upper house.

The Union Public Service Commission (UPSC) is the constitutional body responsible for conducting examinations and making recommendations for appointments to the civil services in India.

According to the Article 72 of the Indian Constitution, the number of members in the Council Of Ministers should not exceed the 15 percent of the total number of members in the House of The People or The Parliament.

The Cabinet is the body of high ranking executive officials (ministers). The cabinet is the decision making body of the Prime Minister. Comparing with Council of Minister's cabinet has a small size. It consists of important ministers. The cabinet is the body of High ranking executive officials. It consists of the important ministers of the central government who holds ministries like home, defence, finance, external affairs etc.

Article 75 of the Indian Constitution explicitly states that the Prime Minister shall be appointed by the President and the other Ministers shall be appointed by the President on the advice of the Prime Minister.

The cabinet is the body of High ranking executive officials. Art.352 talks about the Cabinet inserted by the 44th Amendment. It consists of the important ministers of the central government who holds ministries like home, defence, finance, external affairs etc. It meets frequently and takes decisions regarding the transaction of government business. It directs the council of ministers by taking policy decisions which are binding on all ministers. It is the chief policy formulating a body of the central government and deals with all major legislative and financial matters. It gives advice to the President on crucial matters

The 91st Amendment Act of 2003 added that the total number of ministers, including the Prime Minister in the council of ministers shall not exceed 15% of the total strength of the Lok Sabha.

The President is known as the head of the state. He is the nominal head as he is bound by the constitution to act on the advice of the Prime Minister and Cabinet. As per Article 77, all executive action of the Government of India shall be expressed to be taken in the name of the President.

The 91st Amendment to the Constitution, which came into effect in 2004 added Clause 1(A) to Article 75 of the Constitution. It limited the size of the Council of Ministers at the Centre and the States to no more than 15 per cent of the numbers in the Lok Sabha or the State Legislature.

The member of the council of ministers or ministers is appointed by the President on the recommendation of the Prime Minister. The person can be appointed as a minister even if s/he not a member of parliament but such a person has to become a member of either house within 6 months from the date of appointment. 

Article 75 provides that the Prime Minister shall be appointed by the President. The Prime Minister recommends the name of ministers to the President who are to be appointed by him. The President can only appoint the recommended ministers.

The Constitution of India has adopted for Parliamentary form of government wherein the power is held by the representatives elected by the Public and entrusted with the responsibility of making laws and governing the nation. The head of the Government is called Prime Minister who runs the Government along with his ministers known as Council of Ministers. The constitution has made the council of ministers and the Prime minister as the de facto (real executive) and all the power lies in the council of Ministers.

It is the Defence Minister who is directly responsible to Parliament for all matters concerning the Defence Services of India. Minister of Defence is the head of the Ministry of Defence. They often assisted by a Minister of State for defence and less commonly, the lower ranked Deputy Minister of Defence. As a member of the Cabinet, the Defence Minister has to answer the queries relating to the defence matters in the Parliament.

The Union Council of Ministers with the Prime Minister as its head are the real executive as provided under Article 74 of the Constitution of India. The Cabinet Ministers or the Cabinet is the main decision-making group within the executive government. Cabinets role is to direct government policy and make decisions about national issues. Their parties powerful policy making and decision making.

Article 75(2) provides that the Ministers shall hold office during the pleasure of the President. The Council of Ministers is collectively responsible to Lok Sabha. It means that if the Ministry loses the confidence of the "Lok Sabha", all ministers including those who are from Rajya Sabha have to go. The entire ministry is obliged to resign. Thus, in Parliamentary government ministers remain in office so long as they enjoy conference of the members of the lower house of parliament.

Collective responsibility is an essential feature of Parliamentary democracy. In India collective responsibility of the cabinet is specifically enshrined in the Constitution. Article 75(3) lays down that the Council of Ministers shall be collectively responsible to Lok Sabha. When the ministry visits the confidence of the Lok Sabha all ministers including those who are from Rajya Sabha have to resign. This means that ministers fall and stand together. The government in the parliamentary model is a united one. It has a joint responsibility. Each member of the government has to support the other so long as he remains in the government.

Article 75(2) specifically provides that the ministers shall hold office during the pleasure of the President. All the ministers are appointed by the President on the advice of the Prime Minister. Each minister has an individual responsibility. The Prime Minister me call for the resignation of any ministers at any time. In case the Minister refuses, the Prime Minister may advise the President to dismiss the Minister. Losing the confidence of the Prime Minister leads to dismissal by the President.

The Rajya Sabha (Council of States) has a maximum strength of 250 members, consisting of 238 representatives from States and Union Territories and 12 members nominated by the President for their expertise in various fields.

Article 78 of the Constitution mandates that it is the duty of the Prime Minister to communicate to the President all decisions of the Council of Ministers relating to the administration of the affairs of the Union.

In the case of P.V. Narasimha Rao v. State (and related precedents like Karunanidhi), the courts have interpreted the status of ministers as public servants under the IPC, though the specific citation provided in the options is Kalyan Singh v. UOI.

The Prime Minister is the head of the Council of Ministers; therefore, their resignation or death automatically results in the dissolution of the entire Council of Ministers.

The Council of Ministers is collectively responsible to the Lok Sabha, not the Rajya Sabha. Consequently, the Rajya Sabha cannot pass a vote of no-confidence against the government.

According to the principle of collective responsibility, the Council of Ministers remains in office only as long as it enjoys the confidence of the Lok Sabha (the lower house).

A person can be appointed as a minister without being a member of either house of Parliament, but they must become a member of either house within six months to continue in office.

A resolution to remove the Deputy Chairman of the Rajya Sabha requires a notice of at least 14 days, similar to the procedure for removing the Chairman or other high constitutional officials.

Similar to the Union level, the Governor is the formal head of the state, while the real executive power is exercised by the Chief Minister and the Council of Ministers.

The Governor is the executive head of the state, acts on the advice of the Council of Ministers, and has the power to appoint the Advocate General, making all statements correct.

Article 72 grants the President the power to grant pardons. Under Article 74, the President must act in accordance with the advice of the Council of Ministers, which applies to the exercise of these executive powers.

Article 74(1) states that there shall be a Council of Ministers to aid and advise the President, who shall act in accordance with such advice. It also provides that the President may require the Council to reconsider such advice, but shall act in accordance with the advice tendered after such reconsideration.

In S.P. Gupta v. Union of India (often called the Judges Transfer Case), the Supreme Court discussed the scope of privilege regarding the disclosure of cabinet papers and the confidentiality of cabinet decisions.

Article 74(1) of the Constitution of India explicitly states that there shall be a Council of Ministers with the Prime Minister at the head to aid and advise the President.

Under Article 75(1), the Prime Minister is appointed by the President, and the other Ministers are appointed by the President on the advice of the Prime Minister.

Article 74 mandates that the President acts on the advice of the Council of Ministers, allows for a one-time request for reconsideration, and requires the President to follow the advice provided after that reconsideration.

Article 75(3) of the Constitution states that the Council of Ministers shall be collectively responsible to the House of the People (Lok Sabha).

Collective responsibility means that the entire Council of Ministers is responsible to the Lok Sabha for the decisions taken by the cabinet, meaning a vote of no confidence against one minister or the government as a whole affects the entire council.

Article 361 provides protection to the President and Governors, including immunity from being answerable to any court for the exercise of their powers and immunity from criminal proceedings during their term.

While the Governor acts on the advice of the Council of Ministers, they have specific discretionary powers, such as reserving a bill for the President's consideration under Article 200.

The cabinet is the body of High ranking executive officials. It consists of the important ministers of the central government who holds ministries like home, defence, finance, external affairs etc. It meets frequently and takes decisions regarding the transaction of government business. It directs the council of ministers by taking policy decisions which are binding on all ministers. It is the chief policy formulating a body of the central government and deals with all major legislative and financial matters. It gives advice to the President on crucial matters.

The Prime Minister of India is the ex-officio chairman of the Planning Commission. The deputy chairman is appointed by the cabinet who enjoys the rank of the cabinet minister.

Shadow cabinet is a term used to represent the senior members of the Opposition party in the Legislature who forms an alternative cabinet in the leadership of the leader of the opposition. They scrutinize policy and action of government and to take over the functions of portfolios in case the ruling part fails.