Development indices - class-IX

• A statistical tool used to measure a country's overall achievement in its social and economic dimensions is Human Development Index.
  
• The Human Development Index (HDI) gives a statistical idea of life expectancy, education, and per capita income indicators, which are used to rank countries.
  

UNDP stands for United Nation’s Development Programme which is a global development network headquartered in New York. It advocates for change and connects countries to build a better life. The neighbouring country of India that ranks higher on the human development report of UNDP is Sri Lanka. 

The Human Development Index (HDI) is a composite statistic of life expectancy, education (mean years of schooling and expected years of schooling), and per capita income indicators.

The Human Development Index is a statistic composite index of life expectancy, education and per capita income indicators. It is used by the Human Development Report Office of the United Nations Development Programme. HDI was developed in the year 1990 by Pakistani economist Mahbub UI Haq,  with the help from Gustav Ranis of Yale University and  Meghnad Desai of the London School of Economics.

The 2015 Human Development Report by the United Nations Development Programme was released on December 14, 2015. India has been placed at 130th position in the 2015 HDI among the 188 countries. In 2014 India has been placed at 131st position. In 2015 Norway topped the list.

The HDI was developed by the Pakistani economist Mahbub ul Haq working alongside Indian economist Amartya Sen, often framed in terms of whether people are able to "be" and "do" desirable things in their life, and was published by the United Nations Development Programme.

In the Population Census of 2011 it was revealed that the population ratio in India 2011 is 940 females per 1000 of males. The Sex Ratio 2011 shows an upward trend from the census 2001 data. Census 2001 revealed that there were 933 females to that of 1000 males.

The Gender Equality Index shows the loss in potential human development due to disparity between female and male achievements in two dimensions, empowerment and economic status, and reflects a country's position relative to normative ideals for the key dimension of women's health. India is at the 95th place in Gender Equality index.

The Human Development Index (HDI) is a composite statistic of life expectancy, education, and per capita income indicators, which are used to rank countries into four tiers of human development.

The Human Development Index (HDI) is a composite statistic of life expectancy, education, and per capita income indicators, which are used to rank countries into four tiers of human development.

The job participation rate is a measurement of active workforce in an economy. It is calculated by dividing the actively employed or employment seeking  population by the total civilian working age population. 

However, the job rate population is declining in India. For the men, this rate is 54.60. For the women, this rate is even much lower i.e. only 22.8.

Thus, the correct answer is A.

The national average HDI for India in 2008 was 0.467. By 2010, its average HDI had risen to 0.519. UNDP, the sponsor of Human Development Index methodology since 1990, reported India's HDI to be 0.554 for 2012, an 18% increase over its 2008 HDI.

The different segments of economy comprise of primary, secondary and tertiary or service sectors. Economic growth should be balanced. It should be balanced in terms of sustainability, less inflation and harmony in the development of different segments. 

Thus, balanced growth refers to the growth of different segments of the economy in a harmonious manner.

Thus, the correct answer is A.

Zero population growth is a condition where the number of people in a population remains unchanged. It means that the population neither grows or declines. This kind of demographic balance can be achieved when the growth and death rate are equal. Zero population growth is also referred to as the replacement level of fertility.

Thus, the correct answer is C.

The Indian population growth rate was negative in the decade 1911-1921. The year 1921 is termed as the year of great divide as the population post 1921 saw a consistent growth.

A sustained high rate of growth is a rate which is achieved by adopting environment-friendly measures. It doesn’t create any kind of economic problems too. It helps the present generation to satisfy its needs without compromising with the needs of the future generation. It depends upon the continuous emergence of new innovations and inventions.

Thus, the correct answer is B.

Fertility Rate means the number of children born to an average woman during her reproductive years. When we talk about fertility rate, we mean the number of live births in women over a specific length of time.

Human Development Index (HDI) provides an overall index of economic development. It assists one in knowing about the country’s progress.  HDI uses the logarithm of income to serve the purpose. HDI is developed to measure life expectancy, level of literacy, education and standard of living of people in a country.

Thus, the correct answer is C.

Human Development Index is an index which depicts the overall development of the economy. It helps one in knowing about the country’s progress. HDI uses various indicators to know human development.  These include life expectancy at birth, education and per-capita income.

Thus, the correct answer is A.

Population Growth refers to the increase in the number of individuals within a population. The annual growth in population occurs because of medical advances, lower mortality rates. Moreover, an increase in agricultural productivity leads to population increase. The annual growth rate of population in India is 2.2% per annum.

Thus, the correct answer is A.

Human Development Index (HDI) takes into account various key dimensions in order to reflect the country’s level of development. It uses life expectancy at birth and others to assess the health dimension. Moreover, HDI uses the logarithm of income to achieve its purpose. The updated indices of HDI are reflected in Human Development Report. HDI of India mentioned in HDR 2010 is 0.647.

The correct answer is C.

As per the census reports of Indian Census 2011, the population of India was 1,210,854,977. It constituted of 623, 724, males. Moreover, females were 586,469, 174 in number. Furthermore, the density of population was 382 persons/sq.km.

Thus, the correct answer is B.

There will be a growth in population, when the birth rate is higher than death rate. Also, the difference between birth rate and the death rate is called natural growth rate of population. Also, it can be called as the survival rate of population.

Thus, the correct answer is A.

In reference to humans, the term population density refers to the number of people per unit of area. It is usually quoted per square kilometre or square mile. However, it may include or exclude areas of water or glaciers. Commonly this might be used in the calculation for a county, city, country, another territory or the entire world.

Thus, the correct answer is B.

Human Development Index (HDI) takes into consideration various key dimensions with the purpose to reflect the country’s level of development. It takes into account life expectancy at birth and other useful factors to assess the health dimension. Moreover, HDI uses the logarithm of income to serve its purpose. India’s HDI rank in 2010 was 119.

Thus, the correct answer is C.

There are many characteristics of human development. Humans are viewed as developed when they have a good education, health, good employment opportunities, decrease in unemployment rates and gender equality etc. The educated population uses modern methods to increase the productivity of labour. Thus, human development increases the productivity of labour.

Thus, the correct answer is B.

Human development index is designed to assess a country’s level of development. However, there are three major flaws viewed in the Human Development Index. Firstly, HDI assigns weights to some factors which are equal trade-offs. However, these measurements might not always be equally valuable. 

Moreover, it tends to correlate factors which are more common in developed economies. Also, it fails to take into account factors like inequality, poverty and gender disparity. 

Thus, the correct answer is B.

Living standard is assessed by Gross National Income per capita, which forms the GNI index. It is calculated into the Human Development Index.GDP is considered a means for human development. However, it is not an end. Moreover, in HDI, GDP per capita is calculated as PPP in US Dollars.

Thus, the correct answer is A.

India ranks 134 out of 187 countries in terms of HDI index per HDR Report 2011. HDI stands for Human Development Index. It can be defined as a statistic composite index of human development indicators, like, life expectancy, education, per capita income, etc. HDI helps to rank countries.

The Human Development Index is a statistic composite index of life expectancy, education, and per capita income indicators, which are used to rank countries into four tiers of human development.

Human Development Index (HDI) is important as it emphasizes that people and their capabilities should be the ultimate criteria in order to assess the development of a country and not only the economic growth. It uses the composite index of life expectancy, education, and per capita income indicators to measure the human well-being.

Thus, the correct answer is A.

Human development is defined as the process of enlarging people's freedoms and opportunities and improving their well-being. Human development is about the real freedom ordinary people have to decide who to be, what to do, and how to live. The  Human development concept was developed by economist Mahbub ul Haq.

The Human Development Index (HDI) is a statistic composite index of life expectancy, education, and per capita income indicators, which are used to rank countries into four tiers of human development.
A country scores a higher HDI when the lifespan is higher, education level is higher, and the gross national income is higher.
It was developed by Pakistani economistMahbub ul Haq and Indian economist Amartya Sen and was further used to measure a country's development by the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP)'s Human Development Report Office.^[

HDI Index does not includes health as a component. HDI stands for Human Development
Index. It can be defined as a statistic composite index of human
development indicators, like, life expectancy, education, per capita
income, etc. HDI helps to rank countries.

Norway ranks first in terms of HDI index as per HDR 2011.HDI stands for
Human Development Index. It can be defined as a statistic composite
index of human development indicators, like, life expectancy, education,
per capita income, etc. HDI helps to rank countries.

In order to measure the inequalities of income and wealth GINI index is used. GINI coefficient or GINI Index was developed by an Italian scientist, Corrado Gini in the year of 1912. GINI Index can be defined as a method of statistical dispersion which is used to measure inequalities of income and wealth.

Physical endurance is not a dimension of Human Development Index. HDI stands for Human Development
Index. It can be defined as a statistic composite index of human
development indicators, like, life expectancy, education, per capita
income, etc. HDI helps to rank countries.

Human Development Index was first introduced by UNDP( United Nations Development Program ) in 1990.HDI stands for Human Development
Index. It can be defined as a statistic composite index of human
development indicators, like, life expectancy, education, per capita
income, etc. HDI helps to rank countries.

Distribution efficiency refers to increase in welfare of one individual without decreasing the welfare of another individual. The idea of distributive efficiency is proposed by Alba Lerner in the year of 1944. According to welfare economic consideration, distributive efficiency is concerned with an equitable distributionof resources.

The minimum and maximum value of indicator of Human Development Index are fixed by  UNO. UNO stands for United Nations Organization. UNO can be defined as an intergovernmental organization which helps to ensure international peace and security.HDI stands for Human Development Index.
It can be defined as a statistic composite index of human development
indicators, like, life expectancy, education, per capita income, etc.
HDI helps to rank countries.

Human Development Index is constructed by UNDP( United Nations Development Program ). HDI stands for Human Development
Index. It can be defined as a statistic composite index of human
development indicators, like, life expectancy, education, per capita
income, etc. HDI helps to rank countries.

GINI index represent 1 perfectly inequality in distribution of income. GINI coefficient or GINI Index is developed by an Italian statistician, Corrado Gini. It can be defined as a statistical dispersion used to measure the inequality of wealth and income.

India's Human Development Index is low. India ranks 134 out of 187 countries in
terms of HDI index per HDR Report 2011. HDI stands for Human Development
Index. It can be defined as a statistic composite index of human
development indicators, like, life expectancy, education, per capita
income, etc. HDI helps to rank countries.

The GINI Index for India in 2007-2008 was 0.245.GINI Index is measure of degree of inequality in distribution of income
and wealth. GINI coefficient or GINI Index is developed by an Italian
statistician, Corrado Gini in the year of 1912. It is the most commonly
used statistical method for measuring inequality of income and wealth.

GINI Index is measure of degree of inequality in distribution of income and wealth. GINI coefficient or GINI Index is developed by an Italian statistician, Corrado Gini in the year of 1912. It is the most commonly used statistical method for measuring inequality of income and wealth.

HDI composes of human development indicator's:
(i) Longevity
(ii) Level of knowledge
(iii) Percapita incomeHDI stands for Human Development Index.
It can be defined as a statistic composite index of human development
indicators, like, life expectancy, education, per capita income, etc.
HDI helps to rank countries.

Longevity is measured in terms of life expectancy at birth. Longevity is one of the indicators of Human Development Index. Life expectancy at birth can be defined as a statistical measure which reflects the mortality rate in an economy.

Human well being is measured by Human Development Index. It was developed by United Nation Development Programme( UNDP)HDI stands for Human Development Index.
It can be defined as a statistic composite index of human development
indicators, like, life expectancy, education, per capita income, etc.
HDI helps to rank countries.

Human Development Index was developed by United Nation Development Programme( UNDP)HDI stands for Human Development Index.
It can be defined as a statistic composite index of human development
indicators, like, life expectancy, education, per capita income, etc.
HDI helps to rank countries.

Level of knowledge is measured in terms of education. Level of knowledge is one of the indicators of Human Development Index. It helps to test the overall educational facilities in a nation.