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Arthur Kornberg purified and characterized DNA polymerase from E. coli cells which is encoded by the polA gene. It catalyzes phosphoryl group transfer. The 3-hydroxyl group of the nucleotide at the 3' end of the growing strand serve as nucleophile for nucleophilic attack at the $\alpha$ phosphorus of the incoming deoxynucleoside triphosphate. Inorganic pyrophosphate is released in the reaction.