Reproductive Health and Family Planning

The given statement is absolutely true. People lack proper knowledge about Sexually Transmitted Diseases and their aetiology. People also do not know the importance of using contraception, the importance of having protected intercourse and avoiding intercourse with unknown partners. So, creating awareness through seminars and school education camps among adolescence will do the needful.

Saheli is a new kind of oral contraceptive for females. It was developed by the Central Drug Research Institute (CDRI) in Lucknow, India. It was commercialized in 1991. So the correct option is 'Central Drug Research Institute(CDRI)'.

Reproductive health means the ability of a woman to reproduce and regulate her fertility. It also means safe pregnancy, childbirth, contraceptives, and sex. It also includes avoidance of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs). 

India was amongst the first countries in the world to initiate action plans and programs at a national level to attain total reproductive health as a social goal. These programs called family planning were initiated in 1951 and were periodically assessed over the past decades. Thus option D is the correct answer. 

IUD is the most common and effective method of contraception in India. It is cheap and is easily available. It doesn't affect the sexual activity of the user and can be fitted at home.  

Reproductive health as a total well being in physical, emotional, behavioral and social aspects of reproduction.

 In early marriage , since the age of the female partner is low , so as to give birth to a healthy child . Therefore the IMR & MMR are high in early marriages. Also in some parts of the rural India, there still exist some sex related taboos So, the correct answer is 'Both A and B'

India was the first country in the world to establish a government family planning programme way back in 1951 . This programme not only benefits the parents , but also the nation's health . This programme created a awareness among the people about the use of contraceptives , avoiding forced abortions & various types of sexually transmitted diseases . 

Sex education at a proper age is very important so as to maintain a healthy reproductive society. Also we need proper medical facilities & good knowledge of birth control devices to maintain the same 

The total number of children born or likely to be born to a woman in her lifetime if she were subject to the prevailing rate of age-specific fertility in the population is called as Total fertility rate.

IMR & MMR refer to the infant mortality rate & the maternal mortality rate respectively. While the BMR is the is the basal metabolic rate, which is the rate of energy expenditure by the body . In early marriage, since the age of the female partner is low, IMR and MMR is high

• MTP (Medical Termination of Pregnancy) is done to get rid of unwanted pregnancies. It is generally safe up to the first trimester (12 weeks). 
• CuT (intrauterine device) is an effective contraceptive. Cu ions released by it suppress sperm motility and the fertilising capacity of the sperms. Generally, chances of conception are nil until the mother breast-feeds the infant up to 6 months. 
• Contraceptive pills have to be taken daily for 21 days starting within the first five days of the menstrual cycle. After a gap of 7 days, it has to be repeated. 
• Emergency contraceptive pills can be taken within 72 hours of unprotected copulation to prevent pregnancy.

According to the Medical Termination of Pregnancy (Amendment) Act, 2017 pregnancy may be terminated only below 12 weeks of maternal age with the opinion of a registered medical practitioner . After 12 weeks , abortions will only be carried out on the grounds of a serious risk to the health or the life of the mother .  Also there is a list of guidelines setup by the the medical termination act of 1971 which one has to follow while doing the same . 

The medical termination act of 1971 gives allows abortions only under the following conditions 

MTP is medical termination of pregnancy or induced abortion. Intentional or voluntary termination of pregnancy before the foetus become viable is called MTP or induced abortion.

a) Medical termination of pregnancy is a induced abortion which is considered safe during the first trimester of pregnancy( i.e upto 12 weeks of pregnancy). However, these are much more riskier in second trimester of pregnancy.

IUD- Intrauterine devices is a temporary method to prevent implantation.

Government of India legalised MTP in 1971 but with some strict conditions to avoid its misuse. Such restrictions are necessary to check indiscriminate and illegal female foeticides which are reported high till date. It was amended in 1994.

Euthanasia is the practice of intentionally ending a life in order to relieve pain and suffering. The Netherland's parliament passed a bill legalizing euthanasia on February 20th, 2008 becoming the first country to do so.
Therefore, the correct answer is option B.

A sodomy law is a law that defines certain sexual acts as crimes, Sexual intercourse by an adult with a person below a statutorily designated age is statutory rape. Public Indecency is the deliberate exposure of ones body in public considered as inappropriate behaviour.

Sexual abuse prevention involves both education to recognize risks and proactive programs for self-protection. Both options A and B are recognized strategies.

Behavioral changes such as social withdrawal, loss of appetite, and academic decline can be indicators of both mental health struggles (like depression) and the trauma associated with sexual abuse.

Reducing sexual abuse requires a multi-faceted approach including legal consequences (imprisonment/penalty) and societal awareness through education.

Sexual abuse is the act in which the person is forced to participate in any type of sexual activity. The person may suffer from sexually transmitted disease which has been acquired during the abuse. These people are at higher risk to perform suicides due to trauma and suffering. There are changes in the behaviour which depict that the person has been sexually abused. The person would show disinterest in any activities and may suffer from depression and sadness.

Sexual abuse is the act in which the person is forced to participate in any type of sexual activity. This can be prevented through sex education in which the young girls and boys should be educated about sex and how to protect from abuse. The information about sexually transmitted diseases which can be acquired through this act. The awareness about the bad touch should be created. The steps which can be taken with respect to the hygiene and cleanliness of the reproductive parts. 

Sexual abuse is the act in which the person is forced to participate in any type of sexual activity. The other term for describing abuse is molestation. The person is unwillingly and forcefully involved in the act. The minors are generally the main target of molestation

Sexual abuse is the act in which the person is forced to participate in any type of sexual activity. There are certain signs which depict that the person has been sexually abused. There may be bleeding from the genital regions which may be associated with pain. The pain may be due to damage to the internal tissues of the genitals during sexual activity. There may be pain during urination. 

The National Sexual Violence Resource Center (NSVRC) was established in July 2000.

Secondary prevention focuses on early intervention and addressing the immediate consequences of violence to prevent further harm or long-term trauma.

A- The Rape, Abuse & Incest National Network (RAINN) is an American nonprofit anti-sexual assault organization, the largest in the United States. RAINN operates the National Sexual Assault Hotline, as well as the Department of Defense (DoD) Safe Helpline, and carries out programs to prevent sexual assault, help survivors, and ensures that perpetrators are brought to justice through victim services, public education, public policy, and consulting services.

Pre-Conception and Pre-Natal Diagnostic Techniques (PCPNDT) Act, 1994 is an Act of the Indian Parliament enacted in order to stop female foeticides and control the falling sex ratio in India. This act banned prenatal sex determination. Thus the correct answer is option B.

Paternal genetic influence is when a phenotype results from the genotype of the father, rather than the genotype of the mother. The gender of the child is determined by the father because the father's genotype is XY and that of the mother is XX. When the Y chromosome of the father fuses with the X chromosome of the mother the child will have a genotype XY and it will be a boy.  When the X chromosome of the father fuses with the X chromosome of the mother the child will have a genotype XX and it will be a girl. Hence the father is responsible for the gender of the child. This was explained by the doctor to Sita's mother in law, so she stopped accusing her of having daughters. Thus the correct answer is option A.

An ultrasound scan is a medical test which uses high-frequency sound waves to capture live images from the inside of human body. It is also used for sex determination of fetus. Thus the correct answer is option B.

Primary prevention aims to prevent an issue from occurring in the first place, meaning it targets behavior before it is established.

Sexual abuse is the act in which the person is forced to participate in any type of sexual activity. There are changes in the behaviour which depict that the person has been sexually abused. Schizophrenia is a mental disorder in which the thinking capability of the person is affected. The person may suffer from sexually transmitted disease which has been acquired during the abuse. The person may suffer from depression due to trauma of sexual act.

Sexual abuse or violence is the act in which the person is forced to participate in any type of sexual activity. The steps or the approaches which are taken after the act in order to prevent the reoccurrence of the act is known as the tertiary form of prevention. The criminals are punished and imprisoned. The victim is safeguarded and protected to prevent the act to be taken place again.

Sexual abuse is the act in which the person is forced to participate in any type of sexual activity. There are changes in the behaviour which depict that the person has been sexually abused. The person may be terrified during nights thinking or dreaming about the same situation during the abuse. This would result in the generation of a state of unusual fear. The person would suffer from depression and sadness. The person would remain isolated. 

Sexual abuse is the act in which the person is forced to participate in any type of sexual activity. The person who has been sexually abused suffer from terror, depression, trauma, etc. These people are at higher risk to perform suicides due to trauma and suffering. 

Anhedonia (loss of interest in previously enjoyed activities) is a hallmark symptom of depression and can also be a behavioral indicator of trauma, such as sexual abuse.

Sexual abuse is the act in which the person is forced to participate in any type of sexual activity. Workshops and programs which educate and create awareness regarding sexual forms of harassment should be organised. The negative consequences about this type of violence can be made known with the help of media. Young girls and boys should be educated about sex and how to protect self from abuse in schools and other places.

Sexual abuse is the act in which the person is forced to participate in any type of sexual activity. The steps which can be taken after a sexual assault case takes place are secondary and tertiary form of prevention. The steps which are the short term consequences are to catch the perpetrator, treatment of the victim for any injuries, counselling of the victim, etc. The steps or the approaches which are taken after the act in order to prevent the reoccurrence of the act is known as the tertiary form of prevention. The criminals are punished and imprisoned. The victim is safeguarded and protected to prevent the act to be taken place again.

Sexual abuse or violence is the act in which the person is forced to participate in any type of sexual activity. There are certain steps which can be taken to prevent this act to take place. The steps or the approaches which are taken before any such act occurs is known as the primary form of prevention. The minors may be educated with topics related to sex, abuse and violence and trained for self protection.