Atmospheric conditions - class-VII

Cyclone usually occurred to the place which are near to the coastal region. Since, Puri is the place among all the option which is situated at coastal region.

The westerlies are the prevailing winds in the middle latitudes between $35^{\circ}$ and $65^{\circ}$ latitude blowing from the west to east. The westerlies are strong especially in the southern hemisphere where there is less land in middle latitudes to cause flow pattern to amplify. The strongest westerly winds southern hemisphere is Roaring Forties which blows between $40^{\circ}$ and $50^{\circ}$ latitudes.

Wind is defined as the perceptible natural movement of the air, especially in the form of a current of air blowing from a particular direction whereas breeze is the gentle wind.

Coastal
areas experience less contrasts in temperature conditions due to moderating
effect of the seas.  The large water bodies
helps in moderating temperature. Water has a higher heat capacity than soil and
rock, so the ocean takes much longer to heat and to cool than the land.

Tropical cyclones causes rains on the Coromandel coast. Devastating cyclones originate in the Indian ocean especially in the Bay of  Bengal. The highest frequency of the cyclones is in the month of October and the first half of November. These cyclones are accompanied by strong winds, dense cloud, thundering and heavy rain. 

• The barometer is used for measuring atmospheric pressure, hence option C is correct.
• Thermometer, is used to measure the temperature of human body.
• Anemometer is used to measure wind speed and direction.
• A hydrometer is used to measure the relative density of liquids.

In the troposphere, which is the lowest layer of the atmosphere where weather occurs, both atmospheric pressure and temperature decrease as altitude increases.

The Horse Latitudes are subtropical high-pressure belts located between 30 and 35 degrees north and south of the equator, characterized by calm winds and dry weather.

Trade winds are the prevailing pattern of easterly surface winds found in the tropics, blowing from the subtropical high-pressure belts (30 degrees N/S) toward the equatorial low-pressure belt.

Loo is the hot wind blowing during the hot westher season. It is strong and dusty wind. It blows during day time over northern and northwestern india. 

• Among the two main agents of erosion in India, wind erosion contributes to erosion in close to 10% area in India. Approximately 90% area is eroded by water.
• Hence option A is correct.

Coromandal coast receives winter rainfall because of the retreating monsoon and the North-east Monsoon winds which pass over the Bay of Bengal. There they get moisture and when they reach the Tamil Nadu coasts they cause rainfall there. During the winter season, the northeast trade winds prevail over the country.

The subtropical high pressure belt is often called horse latitude. It is situated around $30^o$ Northern and Southern hemisphere.

The monsoon is a seasonal modification of the general planetary wind system. Monsoon winds are most powerful India and China. During summer, the interior of Asia become hot and low pressure develops there. On the other hand, the water surface of Indian ocean remains cooler and the pressure gradient is towards the heated interior. So monsoon wind blows from water to land, it is moist and brings lots of rain. In winter the water is warmer than the land surface. As a result, the wind blows from the interior towards the ocean so it is cold and dry. 

Wind rose is a tool which gives us the idea of how typically the speed and direction of the wind are distributed at a particular location. It consist of 8 compass points. 

Wind Rose is the instrument to measure wind speed and direction of the wind. They help to identify the direction and frequency of wind in a particular place. One of the important use of Wind Rose in the construction of airport runways, so that the airplane can take the best takeoff and landing point towards and away from the wind.

The
winds which change their direction periodically with the change in season are
known as periodic winds. They blow at regular intervals. They blow during
particular time of the day or year. Localized differences in pressure and
temperature are the main cause of periodic winds. For example, land and sea
breezes and the seasonal wands.

A wind rose diagram summarizes information about wind at a particular location over a specific period of time. It gives the percentage of time for which the wind blows from each direction, the strengths of these winds and the percentage of time calm air or light winds are observed. 

Wind
is the horizontal movement of the air. The differences in air pressure within
our atmosphere causes the wind. Under high pressure, air moves towards area of
low pressure. The greater the difference in pressure, the faster the air flows.
Wind is described with direction and speed. The direction from which the wind
is blowing describes the direction of wind.

• The horizontal movement of air is called wind, hence option B is correct.
• Air current involves both horizontal and vertical movement of air thus incorrect.
• Cyclone is a circular movement of air.
• Tides are the rise and fall of the sea level due to gravitational pull of moon and sun.

• Among the given options tornado has the highest wind velocity and the thunderstorm has the lowest wind velocity
• Hence tornado is the right answer.

Westerlies,

Heat and Moisture,

Winds are classified into three types:

Troposphere,

Mistral

• The Loo is a strong, hot and dry summer wind that blows over the western Indo-Gangetic Plain region of North India and Pakistan.
  
• It is especially strong in the months of May and June.
  
• This creates a vast low pressure area over North Indian plains during afternoon.
  

Very small area,

The instrument which used to measure wind direction is called wind vane. It is generally located at the highest point of a building. This is pointed at the direction in which the wind is blowing. Wind vane is used to predict the weather of a particular place, as the direction of wind plays important role in determining weather of a place.

A wind vane is an instrument that shows the direction of the wind. It is generally located at the highest point of a building. It is also known as a weather clock, as it is used to predict the weather of a particular place. The direction in which the wind is blowing plays a significant role in predicting the weather of that particular place.

The knot is a unit of speed equal to one nautical mile per hour, exactly 1.8 km/h (approximately 1.15 mph)

The term anemometer is derived from a Greek word 'anemos' which means wind. Anemometer is used to measure the speed of the wind. This instrument is used in all weather station. Tha standard height of the anemometer is 10meter in rural areas.

Wind is been defined as air in horizontal motion caused by difference in pressure. There are two type of movement in the atmosphere : horizontal movement and vertical movement. Vertically moving air columns are known as currents. Winds are the means by which uneven distribution of pressure over the globe is balanced out .

Wind is always named by the direction from which they blow. Wind van is the most common type of instrument used to determine wind direction. So to measure wind direction wind van has a freely rotating arm which moves with the wind.

A knot is a unit of speed. It is abbreviated k tot kn. It is used around the world in meteorology and used for maritime and aviation purposes. One knot is the same as one nautical mile per hour. Therefore, one knot is equal to 1.1508 statute miles per hour (1.1508 mph or 1.852 kilometres per hour).

Direction and speed are the two basic wind measurements. Wind is always named by the direction from which it flows. The direction from which a wind blows is called windward side and towards which it blows is called Leeward did. The wind vane is the most common instrument to measure wind direction. The speed or flow velocity is an important atmospheric criterion. Wind generally blows high pressure towards the low-pressure areas due to temperature change. Anemometer is commonly used to measure wind speed.

Wind are always named by the direction from which they blow. For example, a west wind blows from the West to East; a south wind blows from the south towards the north. The wind vane is the most common type instrument used to determine wind direction so it's arrow is always in the direction from which wind is blowing.

A self-recording anemometer (Anemograph) giving a continuous trace of the direction and velocity of the surface wind. In the Dines tube anemograph, the wind pressure acts upon the opening of a tube arranged as a vane to face in the direction of the wind. Pressure is transmitted through the tube to a float carrying a pen, the height of which indicates the wind velocity.

The speed of wind can be measured using a tool called an anemometer. An anemometer looks like a weather vane, but instead of measuring which direction the wind is blowing with pointers, it has four cups so that it can more accurately measure wind speed. When wind pushes into the cups, they rotate the axis.

Anemometer consists of four cups attached to four horizontal spokes that are mounted on a high vertical spindle. An anemometer is a device used for measuring wind speed and direction. It is also a common weather station instrument.