Company Secretary and Business Management - class-XI

Standardization refers to the maintaining consistency and uniformity in the development of products and services in a business with respect to shape, size, color etc. Standardization is a continuous process as uniformity is maintained in the product or service till the time it is produced and supplied to the market. 

The secretary looks after the compliance with the rules and regulations in section 100 of companies act 1956. making statutory decision on the behalf of the company.  

In the old Roman Empire a secretary was called 'Scribae', which means professional letter writer.

Secretary is the administrative assistance in a firm . It is not the decision making authority in a business as the decision making authority is the president , board of directors etc.

Secretary job is not to maintain accounts.

Since there are many tasks or works to do in an organisation there is a requirement of administrative assistance for better functioning of the business. Therefore for every business organisation secretary is required.

Depending on the extent of the responsibilities performed by the secretaries; they can be classified in many categories. The major categories of secretary are as follows:

1. Private secretary
   
2. Secretary of an association
   
3. Secretary of embassy
   
4. Secretary of a cooperative society
   
5. Secretary of local body
   
6. Secretary of Government department
   
7. Company secretary.
   

In the old Roman Empire, a secretary was called 'Scribae', which means a professional letter writer.

A secretary is a trustworthy person of his organisation as he holds some private information of the company.

Depending on the extent of the responsibilities performed by the secretary they can be classified into categories:

A secretary is a custodian of secret, confidential and important information of his organization. Since he is closely connected with a top management, he participates in the decision making, policy framing, planning etc. All such
important decisions regarding business activities are required to be maintained at top confidential. A secretary keeps all such confidential decisions and executes them at a right time.

In ancient Indian literature and historical documents the words like 'Amatya', 'Sachiva', and 'Chitnis' were used for a secretary. 

A personal secretary is an individual appointed to assist ta specific person with their daily business or tasks. 

Secretary is a person whose work consists of supporting management , clerical work and supports management with various skills . hence secretary is the one whose carries out administrative tasks.

Accuracy means correctness or exactness or perfection in dealing with work. Accuracy is of utmost importance to do any work.

A person employed by an individual for his personal assistance in his daily course of work is known as secretary.

Personal assistance or secretary id the oldest type of secretary as old as human civilisation.

True , a secretary is also known as personal assistanys as they assist the owners of the firm with their daily course of action and manage all their work .

True , board of directors are a group of elected officials who are representatives of the shareholders and take the management decisions on their behalf.

Stockholders own shares in companies, which makes them collective owners. They elect a board of directors to lead their companies and look out for their investment interests. Boards have a legal responsibility to govern on behalf of the stockholders and help companies prosper.

This Statements is False , due to the following reasons:

True.

This Statements is False because of the following reasons:

True.

True. 

The chairman should be present within the 15 minutes from the schedule of the meeting . in case of his absence a director should take the charge of the meeting present in the meeting shall choose one of their member to be chairperson of the meeting

This statements is a  False due to the following reasons:

In corporate meetings, if there is an equality of votes, the chairman is typically granted a casting vote to break the tie, as per standard meeting procedures.

This statement is True because of the following reasons :

The article of association of a company may require the Directors of that company to hold some minimum shares at the time of his appointment within such a time limit as prescribed under section 270 of the companies act 1956. This minimum shares is known s 'Qualification Shares'. 

After the incorporation of a company in the first annual general meeting an auditor must be appointed by the board of directors. the auditor will typically hold term till the conclusion of 5 years . The appointment of an auditor can also be made for a period of 1 year renewable at each annual general meeting. 

The Article of Association of a company may require the directors of the company to hold some minimum shares at the time of his appointment within certain time prescribed under the Companies Act. The nominal value of the qualification shares shall not exceed Rs 5000.

At the Board meeting, the Secretary has to obtain the signatures of the directors present in the Director's Attendance Book, ascertain the quorum and read the notice convening the meeting if so desired by the Chairman. Generally, he is requested lo read the minutes of the previous Board meeting. He has to obtain the signature of the Chairman in confirmation of
the Minutes when approved. 

This statement is True,due to the following reasons:

True , a director has to obtain qualification shares within two months from the date of his appointment . A share of common stock that a candidature of board  of directors is required to own is called qualification shares

The board of directors should be a representation of both management and shareholder interests, and consist of both internal and external members.The executive board consists of insiders elected by employees and shareholders and is headed by the CEO or managing office

This Statement is True because of the following reasons:

According to section 39 of companies act 2013 :if the minimum amount has not been subscribed and the sum payable is not received within 30 days from the date of issue of the prospects or such other period as may be specified by the securities and exchange, the amount received under sub section (1)shall be returned within such time and manner as may be prescribed   

This statement is True, due to the following reasons :

This statement is False, due to the following reason:

This statement is True due to the following reasons :

If the company does not hold annual general meeting within time, on the applicationmade by the company before the due date,the registrar may, for any special reason may extend the time within which any annual general meeting shall be held a period of period not exceeding 3 months 

Committee is of the view that in tune with legal developments in the country, guided by recent pronouncements of the Apex court it would be appropriate for the law to provide a regime of penalties for companies. These would be monetary in nature since it would not be feasible to imprison an artificial person such as a company. Such penalties should also be relatable to the size of the company in addition to the nature of the offence.

Human resource are the people who make up the work force of an organisation. They must have characteristics like skills, quality, high morale, commitment towards the work, attitude etc which are essentials for reaching the organisational goals.

Economic activities are those activities which are undertaken to earn money and done to earn a living. For example a person selling vegetables in your locality is a type of an economic activity as he earn money by this activity.

According to Lewis H. Haney defined business as "Human activity directed towards producing or acquiring wealth through buying and selling goods."