Indian Society: Family, Urbanization and Social Change - Class VI

Lok Adalats offer a legal but alternative way of settling disputes. There are no lawyers or court fee involved in this kind of settlement of disputes. The main condition is that both parties in dispute should agree to settlement through Lok Adalat. Lok Adalats were started in 1985.

The Legal Services Authorities Act, 1987 provides legal aid to people with the annual income less than rupees one lakh per annum. It also provides legal help to senior citizens with the annual income less than rupees two lakh per annum.

Lok Adalat literally means people’s court. Lok Adalat is a special type of court in which disputes are settled by the mutual consent. Disputes are solved by direct talks between litigants. Main condition of the Lok Adalat is that both parties in dispute should agree for settlement. It is a court designed to shorten the time taken for settling disputes.

Public Interest Litigation is litigation for the protection of the public interest. A PIL can be filed in any High Court or directly in the Supreme Court. It is not necessary that the petitioner has suffered same injury of his own or has had personal grievance to litigate. Public Interest Litigation applies to any case of public injury arising from:-

• The violation of a constitutional provision
• The violation of the law
• The breach of any public duty

Type of family that is prevalent in India from historical times is joint family. It is an extended and undivided family. It consists of many generations living in the same household, all from the same relation.

In India though people live in different places, their duties towards the parents is obliged. In spite of the busy and costly way of living in present day word, social duties towards parents in their old age is fulfilled by the children.

A divorce is an act of legally ending marriage and relation among the married people. In present days there is an increase in the number of divorces. Some of the reasons behind increased divorces include urbanization, the impact of western culture and western education.

Type of family that is prevalent in India from historical times is Joint family. It is an extended and undivided family. It consists of many generations living in the same household, all from the same relation. Joint families help in increasing the bond due to presence of many people in the house and the people learn to share and live together.

Type of family that is prevalent in India from historical times is Joint family. It is an extended and undivided family. It consists of many generations living in the same household, all from the same relation. These are not seen a lot these days because of splitting. This splitting is because of reasons like urbanisation, impact of western culture and western education.

In olden days marriage was a sacred rite and people lived together in joint families. But these days the scene is changed, in which marriage has become a compromise with increase in number of divorces and kinship relations being limited. Main reason behind this is urbanisation, impact of western culture, busy lifestyle of people and western education.

Traditional occupation of India is agriculture. People living rural areas depend mostly on agriculture. It is the primary sector of Indian economy. Number of people depending on agriculture is highest in India. 

Present day scenario in India is the increase in nuclear family and reduction in joint families. Main reason behind this is urbanisation, impact of western culture and western education.

Kinship is nothing but the relation by blood. These relations are stronger in rural areas compared to urban areas. This may be due to presence of joint families and also not being very busy like in urban areas.

 A nuclear family is defined as family in which two children, mother, father and their grandparents exist together in a house. These are mostly found in urban life style.

A number of youths migrate from rural areas to cities. The main reason behind this migration is better employment opportunities in urban areas. On the other hand, traditional occupation like agriculture has become more uncertain due to floods and droughts compelling people to choose jobs over agriculture.

Social customs, traditions, and festivals are changing because of modernization in which there is an increased competition among people making them busy. Thus there is very little attention paid to social customs and traditions in the present-day world. A pressure of market is another reason which is making people more westernized and therefore people are losing interest in traditional aspects.

In cities, people depend on neighbours and friends for financial help on various occasions like marriage, birthday, the inauguration of shops, purchasing of small household appliances etc. Neighbours and friends are reliable and they don't charge any interest on money. Neighbours and friends act as a member of the family so they don't refuse to give money. 

A nuclear family is defined as a family in which two children, mother, father and their grandparents exist together in a house. These are mostly found in urban lifestyle. The advantages of the nuclear family include: people have the liberty to take self-decisions, get enough nutrition and people can engage in education, occupation according to their own interests.

Child marriages and dowry system are still prevalent in the Indian society.

• Child marriage is a marriage performed between any male below 21 years and female below 18 years according to Indian policy. Child marriages have following disadvantages: Lack of understanding ability, a risk of miscarriage among women and sexual relation becoming strenuous.
  
• Any property or valuable security is given or agreed to be given either directly or indirectly by one party to another party of a marriage is called dowry. It is of the many social evils leading to a number of women deaths.
  

Traditional occupation of India is agriculture. People living rural areas depend mostly on agriculture. In India, land inherited is used by the offspring to continue the agriculture. But due to urbanisation it is not seen these days. Hence we can say that son of a farmer doing a private job is result of urbanisation.

Social customs, traditions, and festivals are changing because of modernization in which there is an increased competition among people making them busy. Thus there is very little attention paid to social customs and traditions in the present-day world. A pressure of market is another reason which is making people more westernized and therefore people are losing interest in traditional aspects. One such example is a celebration of New Year day which has come from the western world.

Among the given option all are true except the one which says that urbanization has increased number of joint families. On the other hand, it resulted in increased nuclear families. It also affected traditional thoughts and ideas. It helped in providing employment opportunities and brought about a change in the traditional thinking of people.

A number of youths migrate from rural areas to cities. The main reason behind this migration is better employment opportunities in urban areas. There is an increased employment opportunity in urban areas because of industrialization in and around urban areas and also due to the introduction of technology in such areas.

Sati is one of the social evils of Indian society present in olden days. It is a Hindu funeral custom where a widow immolates herself on her husband's pyre or commits suicide. Raja Ram Mohan Roy, the founder of Brahmo Samaj, worked for abolishing Sati.

Sati is one of the social evils of Indian society present in olden days. It is a Hindu funeral custom where a widow immolates herself on her husband's pyre or commits suicide. Raja Ram Mohan Roy, the founder of Brahmo Samaj, worked for abolishing Sati.

• Sati: It is one of the social evils of Indian society present in olden days. It is a Hindu funeral custom where a widow immolates herself on her husband's pyre or commits suicide. Sati is abolished in India.
  
• Child marriage: It is a marriage performed between any male below 21 years and female below 18 years according to Indian policy. It is still practiced.
  
• Dowry system: Any property or valuable security is given or agreed to be given either directly or indirectly by one party to another party of a marriage is called dowry. It is of the many social evils leading to a number of women deaths. It still exists.
  

Due to urbanization and industrialization, there is a shift in the occupation from primary sector to secondary sector. This means that there is a shift in occupation from agriculture to the industrial sector. This is because of increased employment opportunity in the industrial sector and uncertainty in agriculture.

A divorce is an act of legally ending marriage and relation among the married people. In present days there is an increase in a number of divorces. Some of the reasons behind increased divorces include urbanization, the impact of western culture and western education. The practice of divorce is seen a lot in urban areas.

In olden days children used to play outdoor games. But now children almost have forgotten the outdoor games. Advanced technology and modern culture made them attached to televisions, video games, laptops and mobile phone. Now children entertain themselves by playing games on a laptop or watching cartoons or movies on television.

In the context of typical literature or textbook narratives, older relatives like grandfathers represent the older generation.

Advanced technology has reduced the need for manpower not only in homes but in factories, companies, schools, and institutions too. The machines, robots, and software are replacing people now. People themselves become so dependent on machines that they don't want to do any work on their own.

In olden days, demands were less. People were simple and sober. Needs were also less. People used to live in joint families with harmony and mutual love and trust. The technology was also not that advanced. People were not that modern as they are now.

Earlier people used to live in joint families. There they used to live with paternal and maternal parents, uncles, aunts, cousins, nephews, niece, brothers, sisters, mother, and father. Earlier the families were big. They used to live under one roof and the food was also jointly cooked by the females of that family.

Family laws that deal with family-related matters such as marriage, divorce, adoption, inheritance, etc. In our country, different family laws apply to followers of different religions.

Aristocracy is a form of government where power is wielded by few privileged class who are best qualified for ruling. Democracy is a system where citizens vote and give power to a representative for governing on their behalf. Oligarchy is a government of few who exercise power in a despotic, selfish and corrupt manner. Monarchy is a form of government with a single monarch as the head. Hence, option A is the correct answer.

Family structures are diverse and can include nuclear, extended, and multiple-family households depending on cultural and social contexts.

Now, all youngsters are keen to have:

With scientific developments following gadgets have become part and parcel of people's lives.

Human beings, as a creature of habit and tradition, hand down exercise and learning to start with one age then onto next. Narrating has earned its place as the most important custom people have. The most critical explanation behind this being each story contains an exercise to teach the children. Stories instruct us to adore, to excuse others, to be only and to strive for better than we have. But today this family trend is fading and children now just need the internet to access rather than listening stories from their elders.

As kids grow and develop, they can be effectively affected by what they see and hear, particularly on TV. While TV projects can be instructive, numerous kids observe excessively TV. Television projects can demonstrate kids rough conduct that you don't need them to mirror, or that can cause dread. Television may likewise demonstrate youngsters poor dietary patterns through plugs for unhealthy, low-supplement sustenances. Nowadays, television is everything for children. A lot of TV viewing can likewise remove time from perusing, examining, learning exercises, play, and additionally work out.

With increased income, people want the following things for better lives:

Joint family or extended family framework cultivates incredible excellencies like penance, warmth, co-activity, soul of magnanimity, broadmindedness among its individuals and makes the family a support of social ideals. Under the consideration of older folks the unfortunate and against social inclinations of the youthful are checked and they are kept from wandering off. They figure out how to practice restraint. All individuals figure out how to obey family guidelines and admiration their older folks. Every one of the individuals from joint family are bound by close blood ties. As such there exists close blood connections among the individuals from joint family. Thus, it is one of the feature of joint family system that Youngers respect their elders equally.

Economic growth of a country is measured through its increase in Gross Domestic Product(GDP). GDP of a country is the total value of all final goods and services produced within a country over a particular period of time. One of the biggest impacts of long-term growth of a country is that it has a positive impact on national income and level of employment, which increases the standard of living. As the nation's GDP is expanding, it is increasingly gainful which prompts more individuals being employed. Economic growth helps improve the standard of living and reduce poverty.

There had been a big change after independence:

Urbanization basically means the increase in the number of people that are living in urban regions. Urbanization is closely linked to modernization and industrialization. Factors such as the level of urban development relative to overall population linked with the growth rate can be termed as urbanization. Urbanization has the potential to bring about resource efficiency and overall economic growth.   

Sex ratio is used to describe the number of females per thousand of males. As per 2019 the sex ratio of India is 107.48. It means 930 females per thousand males. According to 2011 census the figure was 940 females per 1000 of males.

In India marriage is considered as a sacred rite. It’s celebrated with great pomp and show. It is a legally or formally recognized union of two people as partners in a personal relationship.