General functions of food - class-IX

For an average human who does not work hard at least 2000 kcal are required per day to support the internal processes of the body.

Iodine is an essential mineral element. It is required for production of hormones thyroxine by thyroid glands. Deficiency of thyroxine causes swelling of thyroid or goitre. It's deficiency also leads to mental retardation, increased abortions, still births and infant deaths. Vitamin B$ _{6}$ is otherwise known as pyridoxine. It is a component of coenzyme pyridoxal phosphate. Fructose is a hexose monosaccharide ketose sugar abundant in fruits. Globulins are a family of globular proteins. Mostly they are simple storage proteins which are soluble in dilute salt solution and coagulated by heat example arachin of groundnut, legumin of pulses, vitellin of egg yolk etc.

In animals, body stores excess carbohydrates as fats. Fats are stored around visceral organs and underneath the skin as adipose tissue. Excess deposition of fats underneath the skin in adipose tissue gives rise to obesity. Obesity leads to a number of life style diseases and disorders like hypertension, diabetes, joint pain etc.

Potato is composed mainly of starch. The potato chips have an even simpler composition in this regard and are digested in the stomach itself. So for a person who has had a meal comprising of potato chips, wine, burger, and fish, the substance that gets initially absorbed from the stomach itself is potato chips.

(i) The meal that includes all nutrient in the right amount is a balanced diet.

Proteins are the major body building biomolecules. Proteins serve a variety of structural and functional roles. They are required to produce new tissues and repair old worn out parts. They play an important role in cellular defense mechanism as immunoglobulins. Most enzymes are proteins.  Meat, milk and eggs are an important source of proteins. Soybean and other pulses are an important source of plant proteins.

Proteins are the basic structural molecule of the tissues in the body. They are responsible for many processes in the body. Amino acid is a component present in protein. These molecules stack on top of one another, which provides structure to the body. They play an essential role in the cellular maintenance, growth, and functioning of the human body. Thus, proteins are used for generating and building tissues.

Albumin and globulin are the two major proteins found in the blood. The albumin/globulin ratio is, the amount of albumin in the blood compared to the amount of globulin in the blood. The albumin value is divided by the globulin value to get the ratio. The ratio is primarily used to evaluate liver function but also is an indicator of many other possible problems. The albumin/globulin ratio normal levels are from 0.8 to 2.0.

• Five components of food that should be a part of our everyday diet. Food is a basic necessity of life. We need it to live, gain energy and promote growth. Most people want to know what they should eat or include in their diet, in order to remain fit and healthy.
•  A well-balanced diet consisting of fruits, vegetables, proteins, grains, and dairy products is required for a person’s overall well-being. 
• Thus, option B is correct and other options are wrong.

Cutting also raises the respiration rate, which results in sugars inside produce being broken down and carbon dioxide released.
 This can result in faster spoilage as well as a change in the taste and texture of the produce. Lower temperatures help slow respiration, so pre-cut produce should be kept refrigerated.
The three factors that lead to nutrient loss are heat, oxygen, and light. Hence,  a slice of a fruit is the food items which will not provide energy after it is consumed.

• Food is essential for all living organisms.
• The food we eat contains the nutrients that our bodies need to replace worn-out cells, stay healthy and stay strong.
• It is the same for every living organism. Food comes in many different forms, and plants and animals have special organs or parts that absorb the nutrients from the food we eat.
  
  Hence, the correct option is B.

Carbohydrates are the major energy yielding macromolecules. Our food mainly consists of carbohydrates. The carbohydrates can be simple monosaccharides or disaccharides or complex polysaccharides. Cellulose, glucose, sucrose, starch are all various types of carbohydrates.

1. Functional food is food given an additional function by adding new ingredients or more of existing ingredients. It contains traits purposely bred into existing edible plants, such as purple or gold potatoes having enriched anthocyanin or carotenoid contents, respectively
2. .Functional foods may be "designed to have physiological benefits and/or reduce the risk of chronic disease beyond basic nutritional functions, and may be similar in appearance to conventional food and consumed as part of a regular diet".Hence, functional foods include whole foods, modified foods, and fortified foods.
   

Plants are stationary or fixed. On the other hand, animals move around in search of food. Therefore animals consume more energy than plants.

Nutrition is the science that interprets the interaction of nutrients and other substances in food in relation to maintenance, growth, reproduction, health and disease of an organism. It includes food intake, absorption, assimilation, biosynthesis, catabolism and excretion. 

Nutrition, nourishment or aliment, is the supply of materials - food - required by organisms and cells to stay alive. In science and human medicine, nutrition is the science or practice of consuming and utilizing foods. Nutrition also focuses on how diseases, conditions and problems can be prevented or lessened with a healthy diet. 

Nutrition means supply of the essential organic and inorganic chemical compounds (proteins, vitamins, salts, carbohydrates, etc) to the body. All such chemical compounds are called nutrients.

Dietary fibres are the portion of plant desired food that cannot be completely digested by digestive enzymes. They are required by the body for a bowel movement and helps keep the gut healthy.

A young man requires approximately 3000K. cal. per day while a child of about 15 years requires 2500 and infant of 4-6 years requires about 1500 Kcal per day.

Almost 98% of the mass of the human body is made up of six elements: oxygen, carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, calcium, and phosphorus. Only about 0.85% is composed of another five elements: potassium, sulfur, sodium, chlorine, and magnesium.

Houseflies feed on liquid or liquefied food by secreting saliva onto solid food and then sucking it up. This is a form of saprozoic or saprophytic-like feeding behavior.

Correct answer: (D) Ca and P

Essential oils are aromatic and so they get evaporated when they are in contact with air. So, the essential oils are used in the preparation of perfumes, flavoring, and medicine.

• The fibre in diet contains substances like cellulose, lignin and pectin and cannot be digested by the action of digestive enzymes.
  
• Fibres in food can be classified into two types-
  

Woman plays an important role in the continuity of the family and human race. She provides nutrition to the foetus in her womb for about nine months (280 days) through placenta. Even after birth, she nourishes the infant on `her milk. Hence, biologically woman is superior to man.

Rice bran oil is the oil that is extracted from the hard outer brown layer of rice called the chaff or rice husk.

Sunflower plant is mainly cultivated for the extraction of sunflower oil which is widely used in cooking and other stuffs. So, the need of its oil seed crop is the principle reason for its cultivation.

Groundnut seeds are rich in fats, protein, vitamin, B1, B2, B6, E and nicotinic acid (vitamin B3) and lecithin.

Carthamus tinctorious (saffllower) is an important plant that is commercially produced for the extraction of vegetable oil. 

Essential oil evaporate in contact with air and have a pleasant fragrance e.g., rose, sandal, clove, eucalyptus etc. Groundnut oil is a non drying oil and so it is not an essential oil.

Sugarcane is the major source of sugar production in India. The botanical name of sugarcane is Saccharum officinarum.

"Gingelly oil" or "Til oil" is obtained from the sesame seeds. The botanical namme of sesame seeds is Sesamum indicum.

The plant Ricinus communis which produces castor oil belongs to the family Euphorbiaceae.

Mushrooms are fungi that obtain nutrients by decomposing dead organic matter, which is the definition of a saprophytic mode of nutrition.

Yes, nutrition is a necessity for an organism. nutrition is the process of obtaining and utilizing food for survival. It is required for the following purposes-
(a) It provides energy for the various metabolic processes in the body.
(b) It is essential for the growth of new cells and repair or replacement of worn out cells.
(c) It is needed to develop resistance against various diseases.

Growing taller and nutrition are closely correlated. The process of cell division and their development requires an adequate supply of energy, amino acids, water, lipids, vitamins and minerals. With food, people receive about 50 essential nutrients for growth. Inadequate amounts of food or too low caloric food is the primary cause for growth failure, especially when the growth velocity is high in children. 

During the process of digestion, a lot of energy is utilized and there's a simultaneous release of heat represented in terms of gross calorific value.

Walter cannon developed the concept of homeostasis from the earlier idea of Claude Bernard and popularized it in his book 'The Wisdom of the Body', 1932. Cannon presented four tentative propositions to describe the general features of homeostasis: