Human occupations - class-VI

Raw materials are not related to secondary industries e.g. making cars and steel. 

Primary industry involves getting raw materials e.g. mining, farming and fishing.

The tertiary sector is the service sector, which includes occupations like banking, law, and healthcare that provide services rather than producing raw materials or manufactured goods.

The growth of the tertiary sector in India has been largely concentrated in urban areas due to the higher demand for services, better infrastructure, and the presence of corporate and government institutions.

Entertainment and telecommunication are service-oriented industries that do not involve the extraction of raw materials or manufacturing, placing them firmly in the tertiary sector.

Retail and wholesale trade involve the distribution and sale of goods, which is a service activity categorized under the tertiary sector.

The tertiary sector is widely known as the service sector because it provides intangible services to consumers and businesses, unlike the primary (agriculture) and secondary (manufacturing) sectors.

In economic classification, the tertiary sector is often referred to as the soft sector because it deals with services, information, and knowledge, as opposed to the hard sector (manufacturing/industry).

Insurance and tourism are service-based industries that support the economy, falling under the tertiary sector.

Education is a service industry that has seen significant growth in India, making it a key component of the expanding tertiary sector.

SIC (Standard Industrial Classification), NACE (Statistical Classification of Economic Activities in the European Community), and NAICS (North American Industry Classification System) are all recognized systems used to classify business establishments. Therefore, all of these are industrial classification agencies.

The tertiary industry, also known as the service sector, involves the provision of services rather than the production of goods. Consulting is a professional service, placing it firmly within the tertiary sector.

Tertiary activities include both production and exchange. The production involves the 'provision' of services that are 'consumed. The exchange involves trade, transport and communication facilities that are used to overcome distance.

Primary industry involves the extraction and harvesting of natural resources. Raw materials, such as timber, ores, and agricultural products, are the direct output of primary activities.

We transform things into resources with the help of nature, technology and institutions. The process of transformation of things involves an inter-dependent relationship between these. Human beings interact with nature through technology and create institutions to accelerate their economic development.

Manufacturing and Industry sector known as the secondary sector, sometimes as the production sector, includes all branches of human activities that transform raw materials into products or goods. 

The tertiary industry is that industry which provides services rather than producing good or article. 

Tertiary – The service sector of the economy

Definition – The service sector is comprised of firms offering ‘intangible goods’ such as entertainment, retail, insurance, tourism and banking. The service sector will make use of manufactured goods, but there is an additional component of offering a service to customers.

In a developed economy like the UK, the service sector is the biggest component of the economy, comprising nearly 80% of GDP and a similar ratio of employment. In the US, the service sector comprises 70% of the workforce.

In the UK, the main sectors of the service sector include:

• Retail industry
• Computer and I.T. services
• Hotels and tourism services
• Restaurants and Cafes
• Transport – rail, bus, air, sea
• Communication
• Banking services
• Insurance services
• Pension services
• Food and beverage services
• Postal services

Mining is a primary activity. It also includes hunting and gathering, pastoral activities, fishing, forestry, agriculture, and mining and quarrying.

occupational structure This refers to the aggregate distribution of occupations in society, classified according to skill level, economic function, or social status.

Among the following options tourism falls under tertiary occupation

• Cotton is a natural fibre and it absorbs a lot of moisture from the atmosphere. The fibre processes well with appropriate level of moisture gained from the atmosphere. Therefore a humid climate is suitable for the growth of cotton textile industry. 

• Primary activities are directly dependent on environment as these refer to utilization of earth’s resources such as land, water, vegetation, building materials and minerals.
  
•  It, thus includes, hunting and gathering, pastoral activities, fishing, forestry, agriculture, and mining and quarrying.

According to the stage of evolution, economic activities are grouped into 5 main types, they are-

•  The primary sector of the economy is the sector of an economy making direct use of natural resources.
  
• This includes agriculture, forestry, fishing and mining.
• Primary activities are directly dependent on environment as these refer to utilisation of earth’s resources such as land, water, vegetation, building materials and minerals.
• People engaged in primary activities are called red-collar workers due to the outdoor nature of their work.
  

• Manufacturing and industry sector are known as the secondary sector, includes all branches of human activities that transform raw materials into products or goods.
•  The secondary sector includes processing of raw materials, food manufacturing, textile manufacturing and industries making finished goods from raw materials.
  

• The people working in quinary sector are involved in decision making. 
  
• Contrary to consultants who provide recommendations, the population in the quinary sectors takes final actions. 
  
• Today, it is mainly constituted of CEOs and top-executives from the government.

• Transportation links factors of production together in a web of relationships between producers and consumers to create a more efficient division of production, leverage geographical comparative advantage, and provide the means to expand economies of scale and scope. 
  

• People engaged in secondary activities are called blue collar workers.
  

• Quaternary services represent a special type of service work focussing on professional and administrative services. These activities include financial and health services, information processing, teaching and government services, and entertainment services. Almost all activity related to quaternary services takes place in the office building environments or specialized environments like those provided by schools, hospitals, hotels, theatres, etc. People engaged in these activities are called white-collar workers.

• The professions of the people working in this industry are generally referred to as "gold collar" professions since the services included in the sector focus on interpretation of existing or the new ideas, evaluation of new technologies, and the creation of services.
  
•  It is also one of the parts of the tertiary sector, but it involves highly paid professionals, research scientists, and government officials. The people are designated with high positions and powers, and those who make important decisions that are especially far-reaching in the world around them often belong to this category.
  

• Quarternary activity is entertainment because it includes financial and health services, information processing, teaching and government services, and entertainment services.
• Food gathering is a primary activity

• Secondary activities add value to natural resources by transforming raw materials into valuable products.
•  Secondary activities, therefore, are concerned with manufacturing, processing and construction (infrastructure) industries.
  
• Therefore  manufacturing sugar from sugarcane is a secondary activity.

Services
are provided in all societies. But in more
developed countries a higher percentage of
workers are employed in providing services as
compared to less developed countries.

Food gathering is a primary activity in which people gather their requirements from nature.

Developing countries tend to rely more on the first two sectors because these two industry becomes an important source of economic growth, employment, tax revenue, and export earnings.

The highest level of decision-makers or policy makers performs quinary activities. People involved in this sector are called ‘gold collar’ professionals because they are highly skilled and paid senior business executives, research scientists, legal and financial consultants.

Man was dependent on hunting, gathering, herding, lumbering, mining, fishing and agriculture for his livelihood. All these activities for which man had to depend on collecting things directly from nature are known as primary activities.

Quinary activities are more in metropolitan centers

As an economy develops, the focus shifts from agriculture (primary) and manufacturing (secondary) toward services (tertiary). Consequently, the tertiary sector's contribution to National Income typically increases.

The tertiary sector provides services that support both individuals directly (like healthcare or education) and other industries indirectly (like logistics, finance, or consulting). Thus, it creates employment through both channels.

Mining involves the large-scale extraction of valuable minerals or other geological materials from the earth. Unlike gathering or hunting, which are often subsistence-level activities, mining is a major industrial primary activity.