Reproduction in Organisms - Class XI

• Reproduction is a biological process in which an organism gives rise to young ones. It is a fundamental feature of all known life. Reproduction enables the continuity of the species and produces genetic variations in organisms. 
• Reproduction not only maintains populations of the young and adult persons but also that of older adults.
• Reproduction is a key process that determines the distribution of people of various ages in a population, called age structure.
• So the correct option is D.
  

Fertilised ovary is technically called fruit. But if ovary develops into fruits, without fertilisation, it is called parthenocarpic fruit. Such fruits are generally seedless. Some common examples found in nature are: Citrus, banana, etc., Parthenocarpy can be artificially induced too by application of certain plant hormones, especially, auxins and gibberellins.

• Reproduction is an essential process required for continuity of life and survival of species generation after generation. 
• An individual has a limited lifespan and lives for a defined time period but species survive and evolve for a much longer duration. Reproduction serves no other purpose and is not required for energy production or growth of an organism.

Reproduction can be defined as the biological process by which new individuals or offsprings are produced from their 'parents'. Offsprings are little similar to their parents.
Budding is a type of asexual reproduction by which offsprings arise from a single organism.

Reproduction is a process by which there is the production of a new organism by combining the genetic material of two different individuals. It occurs in eukaryotes. A process similar to sexual reproduction (conjugation, transduction, transformation) also takes place in prokaryote also but it is not a reproduction.

Reproduction is important because, with the help of reproduction, a new generation of species are produced. With the help of reproduction, genetic traits of that species are transferred from one generation to another.

Reproduction is the biological process, through which a new organism produced from their parents. It is of two types - sexual reproduction, asexual reproduction. Asexual reproduction occurs through the involvement of the single parent. It occurs by many methods e.g .budding, fragmentation, spores. Asexually reproduce offspring is an identical copy of their parents. Sexual reproduction occurs through the involvement of two parents. It occurs through the male and female gametes. Sexually reproduce offspring are less similar to their parents. Reproduction is always observed in living organisms.

• Reproduction is the process by which living organisms produce new offspring similar to themselves.
• All living organisms do not have the capacity to reproduce. For example worker honeybees, mule or sterile human couples. Despite their inability to reproduce, they show other characteristics of living organisms.

• Reproduction is the biological process in which new individual organisms 'offsprings' are produced from their parents (existing organisms).

• Development is the act or process of growing or causing something to grow or become larger or more advanced.

Reproduction is the process of continuation of a species. It is a mode of production of new organisms, called offsprings, from their parents. Each organism exists due to reproduction. With every new offspring, genetic variations are passed from the parents, that help the offspring survive better in the environment. Such variations and adaptations contribute to a species sustaining life for a longer duration.

Functional sterility occurs when a plant produces normal, viable pollen grains, but fertilization fails because the anther wall fails to rupture to release the pollen. Cytoplasmic and genic sterilities relate to internal genetic or cytoplasmic defects in pollen development rather than mechanical failure of the anther wall.

In Melandrium album, the Y chromosome contains a suppressor region that prevents the development of female characteristics. Its absence leads to the development of a female plant.

• Character that are transmitted from parent to offspring during reproduction are similar to parent but they may vary due to mutation, crossing over and genetic recombination.

Offspring formed as a result of sexual reproduction exhibit more variations because genetic material comes from two parents of the same species.

• Reproduction is the method of making a copy of organisms or reproducing young ones. During reproduction, meiosis is the first stage by which gametes are prepared. 
• Each gamete contains a copy of male or female parents. When a zygote is formed by the fertilization of the gametes, the genetic copy of both the parents come into the offspring. Thus, it helps in the passing of genes.

Sexual reproduction is the production of new living organisms by combining genetic information from two individuals of different types (sexes). In most higher organisms, one sex (male) produces a small motile gamete which travels to fuse with a larger stationary gamete produced by the other (female). Nearly all animals employ a diploid-dominant life-cycle strategy in which the only haploid cells produced by the organism are the gametes. Early in the development of the embryo, specialized diploid cells, called germ cells, are produced within the gonads (such as the testes and ovaries)

Reproduction  is the biological process by which new individual organisms – offspring – are produced from their parents. Reproduction is a fundamental feature of all known life; each individual organism exists as the result of reproduction. Reproduction in human beings is by sexual reproduction where both the male and female gametes fertilize to give rise to an embryo. The fertilization of human embryo occurs inside the body of the female 

• Reproduction is the biological process by which new individual organisms or 'offsprings' are produced from their 'parents'. Reproduction is a fundamental feature of all known life; each individual organism exists as a result of reproduction. 
• Though it is not essential, meaning, if someone does not reproduce, it will not end his life.

• Reproduction is the process that ensures continuity of species. All Individuals of any species die after their lifespan but some of them leave behind offsprings that will ensure continuity of species.
• Sterile members of any species, worker bees, mule etc. Complete their lifespan without reproduction. Hence, reproduction is not essential for any individual. 

Reproduction is the biological process by which an organism produces offspring that are biologically similar to the parent organism.

The reproductive whorls of a flower are the androecium (stamens) and the gynoecium (carpels/pistils), which are responsible for producing pollen and ovules respectively.