Morphology of the fruit - class-VII

A false fruit or pseudo-carp is derived from the floral parts other than ovary, e.g., peduncle in cashew-nut, thalamus in apple, pear, gourd and cucumber; fused perianth in mulberry and calyx in Dillenia.

Pomegranate is a fruit with outer hard layer formed of exocarp and partially mesocarp, which also forms septa in the fruit. The endocarp covers the seeds as a papery structure and the seeds have modified fleshy testa which can be eaten. So, if seed is removed, the rest is not useful.

A simple fruit is one which develops from a single ovary of a single flower.

 Fruit of Sorghum is known as caryopsis. It is single seeded,pericarp is fused with seed coat completely and formed a joint structure termed as a grain. 

Climacteric fruits are those fruits which are associated with increased ethylene production and high cellular respiration during ripening such as apple, banana, mango, melon, and apricot. Such fruits ripen after harvesting and it is not essential for them to remain on the tree for ripening. Increase in ethylene production triggers up their ripening process. Certain fruits such as citrus, grapes, and strawberries are non-climacteric as they ripen without ethylene and respiratory bursts. 

Fruit of sunflower is cypsela. The fruit of the family Asteraceae is derived from a compound inferior ovary (with one locule). A special term for the Asteraceae fruit is cypsela (plural cypselae or cypselas). For example, the white-gray husks of a sunflower seed are the walls of the cypsela fruit. Many cypselas have calyx tissue attached that functions in biological dispersal of the seed.
Thus, the correct answer is option B.

Fruits of Shorea robusta (Dipterocarpaceae) and some other members of Dipterocarpaceae are also winged but the wings are not formed from the pericarp, rather wings are the persistent sepals of the calyx whorl, such a fruit is called as samaroids. 
The family bear erect creamy coloured inflorescenses and colourful samaroid fruit typical of their genus and have pairs of thorns below the rachis.
They are pollinated by different species of honey bee. In late summer, they bear colourful samaroid fruit, containing one seed each. The young shoots are useful as cattle.
Thus, the correct answer is option B.

A silicle, is a short and broad silique, as in shepherds purse (Capsella). Both types are characteristic of plants in the mustard family. Silique or siliqua is a fruit of 2 fused carpels with the length being more than three times the width. When the length is less than three times the width of the dried fruit it is referred to as a silicle. The outer walls of the ovary usually separate when ripe, leaving a persistent partition called as replum.
Thus, the correct answer is option A.

A hesperidium is a modified berry with a tough, leathery rind. The peel contains volatile oil glands in pits. The fleshy interior is composed of separate sections, called as carpels, filled with fluid-filled vesicles that are actually specialized hair cells. The outer ovary wall becomes the thick spongy layer of the rind, while the inner ovary wall becomes very juicy with several seeds. Thus, orange is a hesperidium, in this fruit the endocarp projects inwards forming distinct chambers and epicarp and mesocarp fuse to form the separable part. 

Drupe has a fleshy mesocarp and a stony endocarp. Due to this hard endocarp it is also called a stony fruit. 

The edible part in date is mesocarp. This mesocarp is surrounded by the skin which is epicarp. The mesocarp is the fruit pulp consisting of enlarged parenchymatous cells. 

A small dry one-seeded fruit with pericarp fused with seed coat which develops from monocarpellary gynoecium i.e from a superior monocarpellary ovary is called caryopsis. 

Arial is fleshy bright outgrowth from the funicle of the seed. It assist in seed dispersal.

Fruit in Elephant apple is Amphisarca. The fruit is  succulent, greenish yellow, large and have many seeds which are edible. 

Aggregate of small berries, e.g., Custard apple. Apical parts of berries fuse with each other to form a common rind.

Hairy styles .. The fruits of Clematis possess persistent airy styles which help in floating in air.

Morus (mulberry) is classified as follows,
Kingdom: Plantae, Angiosperms, Eudicots, Rosids, 
Order: Rosales,
Family: Moraceae
So, the correct answer is 'Morus'

• Multiple fruits are developed from the complete inflorescence which in jack fruits case is spadix. And it is thus called a sorosis type of fruit. 
• Flowers with many free carpels are apocarpous as seen in the aggregate fruits. 
• Syconus is the other type of multiple fruits which develops on the ripening of the hypanthium or the coenanthium inflorescence
• The correct answers are multiple fruit and sorosis 

The correct option is C.

Promalin is a mixture of cytokinin-6-benzaldenine, GA$ _{4}$ and GA$ _{7}$. It is very active in stimulating increase in apple size particularly in red delicious apples.

Ethylene is unique in that it found only in gaseous form, and accelerates ripening of fruits, leaves abscission and promotes senescence.

Berries, drupes and pomes develop from a single ovary of a single flower and thus are simple fruits. They also have bulk of their fruit which is fleshy and hence are called succulent.

Pomegranate is fruit which has leathery-skinned berry within which it contains many seeds. Each seed is surrounded by a juicy and fleshy aril. It contains hundred of edible seeds. So, it will not be any advantage to produce seedless fruit in pomegranate.

The aggregate fruits are formed from polycarpellary, apocarpous ovary and each ripened is called fruitlet or etaerio. The example is raspberry.

In strawberries, the fruit is an aggregate accessory fruit. The development of the fleshy receptacle depends on the presence of the achenes (seeds); removing them leads to distorted growth in those specific areas.

In Litchi, Aril is the edible part of the fruit. It is a collar like an outgrowth from the ovule base. 

A fruit is a seed-bearing structure in flowering plants (also known as angiosperms) formed from the ovary after flowering. An aggregate fruit results from the joining together of several ovaries of the same flower. This process starts with a flower that contains several carpels with an equal number of ovaries. As the ovaries develop and increase in size they become attached together. Aggregate fruits are also either true, without accessory parts, or accessory, with additional floral parts. 

Endocarp in citrus is divided into segments, containing juicy hair like vesicles filled with the juice of the fruit.The epicarp or Flavedo is the outer most covering also called the rind, it contains oil glands. The mesocarp is fused with the epicarp, and is fibrous in nature it also forms the central column of the fruit and is also the called the pith/albedo.   

The pericarp is a tissue that develops around the seeds. These are made up of three layers the epicarp, mesocarp and endocarp. In nuts, the pericarp is a hard indehiscent layer surrounding the seed. Nuts usually have stony pericarp which is hard in nature.

Horticulture is the branch of agriculture that deals with growing plants used by people for food and medicine, as well as gardens and other forms of ornamental plants. This includes everything from fruits and vegetables to ornamental plants to spices. Anyone who works in any kind of garden is contributing to horticulture. One branch of horticulture is pomology, which is the branch that deals with fruit. The cultivation of any fruit crop falls under this branch, regardless of whether it is a single apple tree in someone's garden, or an entire orchard. Pomology includes everything from bananas to blueberries to strawberries and beyond.  Pomology deals with fruit plants throughout their life cycle, not just the fruit the plants produce. Horticulturalists in this branch cultivate fruit plants from seed all the way through fruit production.

The mismatched pair is:

Banana is formed due to parthenogenesis. Banana is a seedless fruit which is formed without fertilization and pollination. Fruit formation without fertilization is called parthenogenesis . Hence banana is a parthenocarpic berry. 

Juicy hair-like structure of the lemon fruit develop from endocarp, which is the layer inside of the pericarp. It surrounds the seed.

In mulberry, the perianth is fleshy and sweet and hence is edible. Apart from this, calyx which is thick and sweet is also edible.

Drupe or a stone fruit is an indehiscent fruit. In this the exocarp (outer fleshy part) surrounds a pit of hard endocarp with a seed inside it. Due to this hard endocarp, drupes are called stony fruits. 

It is a large family, commonly called the ‘potato family’. It is widely

Fruit is a seed-bearing structure in flowering plants (also known as angiosperms) formed from the ovary after flowering. Fruits are the means by which angiosperms disseminate seeds. Pepo is a fleshy, several-seeded fruit that has developed from one flower having a single ovary divided into several carpels, which develops a firm or tough rind as it matures. This type of fruit is found in plants of the family Cucurbitaceae.