Structure of monocot and dicot seed

Monochlamydeous flower has only one accessory whorl present (perianth). For example, Polygonaceae and Liliaceae.

The only dicot family bearing six cotyledons is Loranthaceae. The Loranthaceae are a family of flowering plants, which has been universally recognized by taxonomists. It consists of about 75 genera and 1,000 species of woody plants, many of them hemiparasites, all of them except three having the mistletoe habit.

Pea is a dicot exalbuminous seed. In the non-endospermic dicotyledons the endosperm is absorbed by the embryo as the latter grows within the developing seed and the cotyledons of the embryo become filled with stored food. At maturity, seeds of these species have no endosperm and are also referred to as exalbuminous seeds. The exalbuminous seeds include the legumes such as beans and peas.
Therefore, the correct answer is option A.

The fruit of a groundnut is a lomentum. In botanical terms, nut specifically refers to indehiscent fruit, the peanut is not technically a nut, but rather a legume and its fruit is a lomentum. Lomentum is a dry fruit of certain leguminous plants, having constrictions between the seeds and separating at maturity into one-seeded segments. A loment (or lomentum) is a type of indehiscent legume fruit that breaks apart at constrictions occurring between segments, so that each segment contains one seed. It is a type of schizocarp.
Thus, the correct answer is option A.

Dicots have floral parts in multiples of four or five, and their seeds contain two cotyledons. The cotyledons usually absorb the food from the endosperm first, and then provide the food for the embryo. 

The active growing region in a dicot embryo which forms shoot is the plumule. The plumule is the young shoot of a plant embryo above the cotyledons, consisting of the epicotyl and often of immature leaves. The young shoot or plumule, is said to be negatively geotropic, because it moves away from the soil it rises by the extension of either the hypocotyl.
Thus, the correct answer is option D.

The peanut or groundnut (Arachis hypogaea) is a species in the family Fabaceae. The peanut was probably first domesticated and cultivated in the valleys of Paraguay. It is an annual herbaceous plant growing 30 to 50 cm tall. Because, in botanical terms, nut specifically refers to indehiscent fruit, the peanut is not technically a nut, but rather a legume. Peanuts are often served in a similar manner to true nuts in many Western cuisines, and are often referred to as a nut in common English.
Thus, the correct answer is option C.

Protoderm is a type of primary meristem which has developed from apical meristem. It forms the outermost epidermis which is responsible for root cap formation.
Thus, the correct answer is option A.

Vascular tissue in dicot stem consists of many vascular bundles which are arranged in the form of broken ring known as eustele.

Reticulate venation is the arrangement in which the veins of the leaf cross each other around the midrib. It may be unicostate or multicostate depending on the number of mid-ribs and lobes of the leaf. For example, dicot plant.
Thus, the correct answer is option B.

A. Embryo lies in the centre of endosperm. It consists of a
radicle, a plumule and two lateral cotyledons, all of which are present on a
short embryo axis. The cotyledons are thin, semi-transparent and oval in
outline. They have palmate venation. The middle costa or rib is more prominent
and bears a few lateral veins.

B. Maize- Cotyledons store food material for the embryo.

C. Pea- Cotyledons store food material for the embryo.

The production of vast amount of grain is one of the most outstanding outcome of modern agriculture. Poaceae (monocot) and fabaceae (dicot) contribute to the species, that are responsible for the vast majority of grain production worldwide.

The earliest known flowering plants date back to about 130 million years ago. According to Cronquist (evolution and classification of flowering plants, 1988), the most primitive of all living angiosperms belong to the subclass Magnoliidae. This subclass contains several primitive plant families, including the water-lily family (Nymphaeaceae), buttercup family (Ranunculaceae) and magnolia family (Magnoliaceae). 

Non porous woods are found in gymnosperms. Non porous wood are the wood which do not permit transfer of water or air. 

Arachis hypogaea is the botanical name of peanut or groundnut. It is an annual herbaceous plant in the Fabaceae (legume or bean family). Although appearing as and referred to as a nut, it is actually the underground pod of a legume, rather than a true nut.

The peanut or groundnut (Arachis hypogaea) is a species in the family Fabaceae. The peanut was probably first domesticated and cultivated in the valleys of Paraguay. It is an annual herbaceous plant growing 30 to 50 cm tall. Peanut oil is often used in cooking, because it has a mild flavor and a relatively high smoke point. Due to its high monounsaturated content, it is considered healthier than saturated oils and is resistant to rancidity. There are several types of peanut oil including aromatic roasted peanut oil, refined peanut oil, extra virgin or cold pressed peanut oil and peanut extract. In the United States, refined peanut oil is exempt from allergen labeling laws.
Peanut oil is not obtained from Lathyrus odoratus (sweet pea), Pisum sativum (garden pea), Glycine max (soya) or Brassica juncea (mustard). 
Therefore, the correct answer is option C.

Embryonic tissue in plants refers to the actively growing cells but more than often this term is used to describe the early formation of tissue during its first growth stages. It thus refers to the sporophyte, gametophyte embryos from seedlings as well as meristematic tissues which are always in embryonic state. Under this condition, the growth of this tissues takes place through cell division and the cells of the embryo divide.

Dicots showing parallel venation are Calophyllum and Corymbium. 

The stems of monocots are usually unbranched and fleshy. They do not grow thicker from year to year. New leaves often grow wrapped in a protective sheath formed by the older leaf.

Monocots have floral parts in multiples of three and the seed contains one cotyledon. 

The scutellum is part of the structure of a barley and rice seed, the modified seed leaf. The scutellum can also refer to the equivalence of a thin cotyledon in monocots. It is very thin with high surface area and serves to absorb nutrients from the endosperm during germination. The scutellum is believed to contain an as yet unidentified protein transporter that facilitates starch movement from the endosperm to the embryo.
Thus, the correct answer is option B.

The scutellum is part of the structure of a barley and rice seed, the modified seed leaf. The scutellum can also refer to the equivalence of a thin cotyledon in monocots. It is very thin with high surface area and serves to absorb nutrients from the endosperm during germination. The scutellum is believed to contain an as yet unidentified protein transporter that facilitates starch movement from the endosperm to the embryo.
Thus, the correct answer is option A.

Plants are classified into two main groups: the bryophytes (nonvascular plants) and the tracheophytes (vascular plants). The tracheophytes include ferns, gymnosperms and angiosperms, and are characterized by specialized vascular tissues- the phloem and xylem. The study of living species suggests that angiosperms evolved from the gnetophytes, a group of gymnosperms. however, the oldest known angiosperms were a diverse group of plants called magnoliids from which dicots and monocots are evolved. Monocots are more advanced plants than dicot.

The single shield shaped cotyledon of maize is called as scutellum. In maize grain, scutellum is characteristically present, which is a modified cotyledon. The scutellum is part of the structure of a  seedthe modified seed leaf. The scutellum can also refer to the equivalence of a thin cotyledon in monocots. It is very thin with high surface area and serves to absorb nutrients from the endosperm during germination. The scutellum is believed to contain an as yet unidentified protein transporter that facilitates starch movement from the endosperm to the embryo.
Therefore, the correct answer is option D.

A seed in which micropyle and hilum cannot be traced is maize. In maize, the pericarp of the fruit is fused with the seed coat referred to as caryopsis, typical of the grasses, and the entire kernel is often referred to as the seed. The cob is close to a multiple fruit in structure, except that the individual fruits, the kernels never fuse into a single mass. 

In maize grain, scutellum is characteristically present, which is a modified cotyledon. The scutellum is part of the structure of a  seedthe modified seed leaf. The scutellum can also refer to the equivalence of a thin cotyledon in monocots. It is very thin with high surface area and serves to absorb nutrients from the endosperm during germination. The scutellum is believed to contain an as yet unidentified protein transporter that facilitates starch movement from the endosperm to the embryo.
Therefore, the correct answer is option B.

The phenomenon of an arrangement of veins on the leaf is known as venation. There are two kinds of venation. That is reticulate venation and parallel venation. Reticulate venation contains the irregular distribution of veins to form a network. Examples of plants presenting reticulate venation include rose, tulsi, hibiscus, papaya, Ficus, Bambusa. Parallel venation includes the veins running parallel to each other.

Examples of plants presenting parallel venation include grains, banana, canna, grass, Musa, plum. Leaves of monocot plants show parallel venation. Leaves of dicot plants show reticulate venation. Though, there are exceptions in monocots like Smilax and Colocasia. They show reticulate venation. Other options are not related with reticulate venation.

Thus, the correct option is B.

Scutellum is present in monocotyledons endospermic seed.

In grain seed, which is moncot and endospermic seed. the embryo consists of an upper shield shaped scutellum which is actually a reduced cotyledon. The scutellum is closely pressed against the endosperm and helps in the translocation of nutrients from endosperm to the growing embryo at the time of germination and seedling growth. So, the correct answer is 'Scutellum'.

Coleoptile is a sheath protecting a young shoot top in monocotyledons such as grasses. They have two vascular bundles, one on either side. 

A. Aleurone layer- In monocotyledonous
endospermic seed, endosperm is surrounded by a special one- cell thick layer,
called aleurone layer. The cells of aleurone layer are filled with
proteinaceous aleurone grains which play an important role at the time of
germination.

B. Coleorhiza- Protective sheath of radicle.

C. Scutellum- In monocotyledonous endospermic seed, the embryo consists of an upper shield shaped scutellum wich is actually a
reduced cotyledon. The scutellum is closely pressed against the endosperm and
helps in the translocation of nutrients from endosperm to the growing embryo at
the time of germination and seedling growth.

D. Hilum- It is the point of attachment of the body of the ovule with the funiculus.

In monocots, particularly the grasses where the fruit is a caryopsis, the cotyledon forms a shield like structure the scutellum. Its function is to digest the endosperm and direct the nutrients to the developing embryo. It does not form green leaf like structures as in dicots.

Aleurone layer - a layer of protein storage cells,  present in cereal, maize seed, and is a  form of reserved food material.

In monocots, sieve tube first appears in leaves. The main function of the sieve tube is transport of carbohydrates, primarily sucrose, in the plant (e.g., from the leaves to the fruits and roots). Unlike the water-conducting xylem vessel elements that are dead when mature, sieve elements are living cells. They are unique in lacking a nucleus at maturity.

Apricot, mango, and guava are all dicots (have two cotyledons), while the question asks which group does NOT represent monocots. Monocots include coconut, while dicots include apricot, mango, and guava.

Long filamentous threads protruding at the end of a young cob of maize are styles. The apex of the stem ends in the tassel, an inflorescence of male flowers. When the tassel is mature and conditions are suitably warm and dry, anthers on the tassel dehisce and release pollen. Maize pollen is anemophilous and because of its large settling velocity, most pollen falls within a few meters of the tassel. Elongated stigmas, called as silks, emerge from the whorl of husk leaves at the end of the ear. They are often pale yellow and  like tufts of hair in appearance.
At the end of each is a carpel, which may develop into a kernel if fertilized by a pollen grain. The pericarp of the fruit is fused with the seed coat referred to as caryopsis, typical of the grasses and the entire kernel is often referred to as the seed. The cob is close to a multiple fruit in structure, except that the individual fruits never fuse into a single mass. 
Thus, the correct answer is option B.

Seeds of flowering plants are either dicotyledonous or monocotyledonous. While, the dicotyledons are characterized by two kidney shaped cotyledons, these are either non-endospermic exalbumnous or endospermic depending on the presence of endosperm and food storage areas. The monocotyledons with a single cotyledons are also differentiated as endospermic and non-endospermic based on the presence of endosperms. In case of Alisma and orchids, the seeds are extremely small with an undifferentiated embryo that lacks endosperm. They are referred to as acotyledons or exceptional monocots.
Thus, the correct answer is option C.

Monocot seeds are mostly endospermic, but Alisma is a monocot non -endospermic seed. In most monocotyledons the seeds are endospermic. The embryo is embedded in the endosperm which the seedling will use upon germination. In few they are non-endospermic seeds like that of dicotylednous plants where the endosperm is absorbed by the embryo as the latter grows within the developing seed and the cotyledons of the embryo become filled with stored food. 
Therefore, the correct answer is option C.

Cocos nucifera, the coconut palm, is a monocot perennial member of the Arecaceae, cultivated in tropical areas worldwide for its fruit and fiber. Coir, the fiber from the husk of the coconut is used in ropes, mats, door mats, brushes, sacks, caulking for boats, and as stuffing fiber for mattresses. It is used in horticulture in potting compost, especially in orchid mix. Thus, option A is correct. Corchorus, Clematis and Crotalaria are dicot plants. Thus, other options are wrong.

Sunflower is an oil seed plant (Helianthus annus L). The seeds of sunflower has 39 to 49% of oil.  It is the premium cooking oil because it has high level of unsaturated fatty acids. 

In monocot seeds, the radicle is enclosed in a protective sheath called the coleorhiza, while the plumule is enclosed in a sheath called the coleoptile.

The 'bird of paradise flower', or 'crane flower' as it is sometimes known, was first introduced into Britain in 1773 by Sir Joseph Banks. The plant itself can reach up to 5 feet in height with a 2-3 foot spread. The plant is trunk less, compact and clustering but slow growing with fleshy roots. S. reginae has banana shaped stiff- leathery, concave, oblong, bluish-gray leaves with a pale or red midrib. The leaves are attached to a long stalk that sometimes reaches up to 2 feet in length.