NAM - Class X

The concept of non-alignment emerged during the Cold War. After the Second World War, the world was divided into two powers blocs-one led by the USA and the other by the erstwhile Soviet Union.

In 1949, another convention for Asian unity was held at New Delhi to discuss the Indonesian problems.

Non-alignment is the international policy of a sovereign state according to which it does not align itself with any of the power blocs.

After the Second World War, the world was divided into two powers blocs-one led by the USA and the other by the erstwhile Soviet Union. It was during this period that many independent countries in Asia and Africa decided not to join any of the two blocs and to remain non-aligned. Thus, non-aligned was the chief characteristics of awakening in Asia and Africa.

Jawaharlal Nehru highlighted the dangers posed by the hostility between the two power bloc in Asian unity conference. He also stressed the need for Asian countries to work for maintaining world peace.

The main features of non-aligned Country are:

• It is not aligned to any of the power blocs.
• It retains its freedom to take independent foreign policy decisions.
• It is opposed to any kind of military alliance like NATO, SEATO, Warsaw Pact, etc.

Factors responsible for Non-Alignment:

• Global tension caused by Cold War.
• Right of Independent judgement.
• Struggle against imperialism and neo-colonisation.
• Use of moderation in relations to all big powers.
• Restructuring international economic order.

The origin of the Non-Aligned Movement can be traced back to the Asian Relations Conference held in New Delhi in March 1947.

The Asian Relations Conference, which focused on Asian unity, was held in New Delhi in 1947, and subsequent efforts continued in the region, with New Delhi being the primary hub for these diplomatic meetings in 1949.

The Non-Aligned movement was formally launched at its first summit held in September 1961 at Belgrade in Yugoslavia.

The Non-Aligned Movement was formally launched at its first summit held in September 1961 at Belgrade in Yugoslavia.

The Asian unity conference held at Bandung in April 1955.

In 1954, India and China signed an agreement containing five principles of peaceful co-existence. These principles collectively known as "Panchsheel" became guidelines for the Non-Aligned Movement to evolve.

The Bandung Conference, held in 1955, was attended by representatives from 29 countries from Asia and Africa.

The five principles of Panchsheel were given practical shape at a conference held at Bandung in April 1955.

The Non-Aligned movement was formally launched at its first summit held in September 1961 at Belgrade in Yugoslavia. It was attended by 25 Afro-Asian and one European country. Three Latin American countries participated as observers.

In 1954, India and China signed an
agreement containing five principles of peaceful co-existence. These
principles collectively known as "Panchsheel" became guidelines for the
Non-Aligned Movement to evolve.

In 1949, another convention for Asian unity was held at New Delhi to discuss the Indonesian problems.

In 1954, India and China signed an
agreement containing five principles of peaceful co-existence. These
principles collectively known as "Panchsheel" became guidelines for the
Non-Aligned Movement to evolve. These five principles were:

• Mutual non-interference in each other's internal affairs.
• Mutual non-aggression.
• Equality for Mutual benefits.
• Mutual respect for each other's territorial integrity and sovereignty.
• Peaceful co-existence.

Jawaharlal Nehru was committed to western concept of liberalism and democracy, he did not approve of the military or economic alliances like NATO, CENTO, SEATO, etc.

Jawaharlal Nehru was committed to western concept of liberalism and
democracy, he did not approve of the military or economic alliances like
NATO, CENTO, SEATO, etc.

The main objective of the NAM at the beginning was to keep away the newly independent countries of Asia and Africa from the superpower rivalry and to protect and preserve their newly acquired independence. The other important objectives of the NAM are the following:

The Non-Aligned Movement owes a lot to the first Prime Minister of India, Jawaharlal Nehru. In fact, India was the first country to initiate the policy of non-alignment, under the leadership of Nehru. Nehru had declared in the American Congress in 1949,"Where freedom is menaced or justice is threatened, or where aggression takes place, we cannot be and shall not be neutral, our policy is not neutralist but one of active endeavour to preserve and if possible, establish peace on firm foundations".

The Non-Aligned movement was formally launched at its first summit held
in September 1961 at Belgrade in Yugoslavia. It was attended by 25
Afro-Asian and one European country. Three Latin American countries
participated as observers.

The Non-Aligned Movement owes a lot to the first Prime Minister of India, Jawaharlal Nehru. In fact, India was the first country to initiate the policy of non-alignment, under the leadership of Nehru. Nehru had declared in the American Congress in 1949 that"Where freedom is menaced or justice is threatened, or where aggression takes place, we cannot be and shall not be neutral, our policy is not neutralist but one of active endeavour to preserve and if possible, establish peace on firm foundations".

The Non-Aligned Movement owes a lot to the first Prime Minister of India, Jawaharlal Nehru. In fact, India was the first country to initiate the policy of non-alignment, under the leadership of Nehru.

The main objective of the NAM at the beginning was to keep away the newly independent countries of Asia and Africa from the super power rivalry and to protect and preserve their newly acquired independence. The other important objectives of the NAM are the following:

• To eliminate all those causes which could lead to war.
• To protect the nascent freedom of the new-born independent countries of Asia and Africa from colonial domination.
• To oppose colonialism imperialism and radial discrimination.
• To advocate sovereign equality of all states.

The Non-Aligned Movement (NAM) was founded by leaders like Nehru, Tito, and Nasser. Winston Churchill was a British Prime Minister and not involved in the founding of NAM.

The main objective of the NAM at the beginning was to keep away the
newly independent countries of Asia and Africa from the super power
rivalry and to protect and preserve their newly acquired independence.
The other important objectives of the NAM are the following:

• To eliminate all those causes which could lead to war.
• To protect the nascent freedom of the new-born independent countries of Asia and Africa from colonial domination.
• To oppose colonialism imperialism and radial discrimination.
• To advocate sovereign equality of all states.
• To encourage friendly relations among countries.
  

• NAM has helped in easing of tension between the two power blocs and ultimately in bringing about the end of Cold War.
• NAM acted against the arms race of the superpowers during the Cold War years.
• NAM has supported the cause of International peace, justice, and freedom.

• NAM has helped in easing of tension between the two power blocs and ultimately in bringing about the end of Cold War.
• NAM acted against the arm race of the superpowers during the Cold War years.

NAM has virtually lost its political relevance, it continues to be an effective forum for seeking economic justice. It could not do anything when two of its own member states, i.e., Iran and Iraq were engaged in a prolonged conflict. Similarly, it could not do much when Afghanistan was invaded by the Soviet Union in 1979 or Iraq was invaded by the US-led coalition forces in 2003.

The five founding members of NAM were India, Yugoslavia, Egypt, Indonesia, and Ghana. Myanmar was not a founding member.

Jawaharlal Nehru was against the philosophy advocated by the two power blocs. He had rejected the communist state as monolithic and described Marxism as an outdated theory. He did not favour capitalism either and was influenced by socialism.

NAM has helped in easing of tension between the two power blocs and ultimately in bringing about the end of Cold War, NAM acted against the arm race of the superpowers during the Cold War years.

With the emergence of neo-colonialism, NAM has become all the more relevant. Many small and weak countries are unable to preserve their sovereignty in economic field because of the interference of international financial institutions like the World Bank, IMF, and WTO which try to impose their decisions on them.

NAM has virtually lost its political relevance, it continues to be an effective forum for seeking economic justice. It could not do anything when two of its own members states, i.e., Iran and Iraq were engaged in a prolonged conflict. Similarly, it could not do much when Afghanistan was invaded by the Soviet Union in 1979 or Iraq was invaded by the US-led coalition force in 2003.

Jawaharlal Nehru was against the philosophy advocated by the two power
blocs. He had rejected the communist state as monolithic and described
Marxism as an outdated theory. He did not favour capitalism either and
was influenced by socialism.

NAM has virtually lost its political relevance, it continues to be an
effective forum for seeking economic justice. It could not do anything
when two of its own member states, i.e., Iran and Iraq were engaged in a
prolonged conflict. Similarly, it could not do much when Afghanistan
was invaded by the Soviet Union in 1979 or Iraq was invaded by the
US-led coalition forces in 2003.

The principles were emphasized by the Prime Minister of India, Jawaharlal Nehru, in a broadcast speech made at the time of the Asian Prime Ministers Conference in Colombo, Sri Lanka just a few days after the signing of the Sino-Indian treaty in Beijing.

International understanding and co-operation is supported by Independent India. It always supported this policy. In Non Aligned movement Pandit Jawaharlal Nehrus contribution was a remarkable one.

The Non-Aligned Movement (NAM) had its origins in the Bandung Conference of April 1945 in Indonesia inspired by four world leaders viz. Nehru of India, Tito of Yugoslavia, Sukarno of Indonesia and Nasser of Egypt. Bandung formulated the concept of non-alignment based on the Third World desire not to become involved in the East-West ideological confrontation of the Cold War, and to focus instead on national independence struggles, the alleviation of poverty, and economic development. These principles were adopted at the founding non-aligned summit in Belgrade in 1961.

UNO got success in creating peace and protection in the world.UNO putforth an idea of one world.The entire world is one family ,UNO dint achieve its goal. It was discrete of UNO.