Global problems and India's role

Due to stereotypes, girls and boys in our society are not valued equally. Boys are supposed to be physically strong, good in sport, not to cry and on the other hand, girls are supposed to be well behaved, soft-spokenx and gentle.

One-third of seats in local government bodies–in panchayats and municipalities–are now reserved for women. There are more than 10 lakh elected women representatives in rural and urban local bodies. 

Sexual discrimination refers to bias or discrimination based on gender (sex). Male gender is usually given preference and privileges over female gender but it does not necessarily happen this way only but it could be vice versa too. The cases of childbirth are handled by Lady Doctors wherein the male doctors having learned the course and experience are not given opportunity in childbirth cases.

Gender division refers to the social construction of roles, responsibilities, and expectations for men and women, rather than biological differences.

Affirmative action policies are designed to provide equal opportunities and support to historically disadvantaged groups, including women, to improve their social and economic well-being.

The child sex ratio is defined as the number of girls per 1,000 boys in a specific age group, used to measure gender balance in a population.

Women continue to experience significant discrimination related to their participation in public and political life in most domains of the public sphere and in all geographical regions. A balanced sex ratio is desirable. Gender imbalances have been known in human history to cause serious negative consequences for society in long run. According to the Inter-Parliamentary Union, 2017 worldwide female representation rate is 23.6%. The sexual division of labour is the delegation of different tasks between male and females. It is because women have to face many obstacles and challenges in representing and administration, so participation in women's parliament has been limited.

Family laws: Those laws that deal with family-related matters such as marriage, divorce, adoption, inheritance, etc. In our country, different family laws apply to followers of different religions.

• Casting vote is a political right granted by the government.
• In India. voting powers are sourced from articles 326 and 325 of Indian Constitution.
  

• Nordic nations group of countries such as Norway, Finland, Sweden have a relatively larger share of women representation in the legislature.
• Women MPs constitute an average of 41.5% of the legislature in Nordic countries.
  

 One-third of seats in local government bodies–in panchayats and municipalities–are now reserved for women. Now there are more than 10 lakh elected women representatives in rural and urban local bodies. 

Sarvodaya is translated as upliftment of all. It is the concept developed on the basis of equal income distribution. Gandhi developed this idea upon reading a book on political economy. To eliminate economic inequality and concentration of wealth, Sarvodaya advocates trusteeship. 

Women of india is backward since ages. Though social evils like sati, devdasi systems have been eradicated, still exists a number of social customs that make female go behind the curtains and stay backward. Some of them are Lack of education, Social customs and practices, Religious beliefs etc. Among the given options, equal share in parents property have nothing to do with backwardness of female.

Sarojini Naidu was known by the sobriquet Nightingale of India. She was a poet and politician. She served as the first governor of the United Provinces of Agra and Oudh from 1947 to 1949. She was the first woman to become the governor of an Indian state and was the second woman to become the president of the Indian National Congress in 1925.

It is true statement. Women do a lot of work. The main responsibility for housework and care-giving tasks lies with women. Yet, the work that they do with the home is not recognised as work. It is assumed that this is something that comes naturally to women. It, therefore, does not have to be paid for. This is the main reason why our society devalues women's work.

It is a false statement. Women who stay at home, do a lot of household chores. They cook food, wash clothes, sweep the floor, and numerous other works; some of which are very strenuous.

• Sweden and Finland are the countries where women's participation in public life is very high.
• Nordic nations are the group of countries have relatively a larger share of women representation in the legislature.
• Women MPs constitute average of 41.5% of legislature in Nordic countries.

• The percentage of world average women in politics is 16.8%
• Nordic nations are the group of countries have relatively a larger share of women representation in the legislature.
• Women MPs constitute average of 41.5% of legislature in Nordic countries.

Boys and girls are brought up to believe that the main responsibility of women is housework and bringing up children. This is reflected in a sexual division of labour in most families: women do all work inside the home such as cooking, cleaning, washing clothes, tailoring, looking after children, etc., and men do all the work outside the home. 

Based on the 73rd and 74th amendment act, 1992 of Indian constitution, 1/3rd reservation is provided to women at all levels in Panchayat and Nagarapalika.

 Human Rights Day is observed every year on 10 December – the day the United Nations General Assembly adopted, in 1948, the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. It establishes the equal dignity and worth of every person. The date was chosen to honour the United Nations General Assembly's adoption and proclamation, on 10 December 1948, of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR), the first global enunciation of human rights and one of the first major achievements of the new United Nations. Hence, Option A is correct. For the rest of the events, the dates are 24 October 1945, September 1961, 6–8 December 1985 respectively. Hence, these options are incorrect.

The Universal Declaration of Human Right includes civil, political rights and economic, social and cultural rights. These Rights are grouped under five broad categories. Civil Rights is one of them.
CIVIL RIGHTS:

• Everyone has the right to life, liberty and security of person.
• All are equal before the law and are entitled without any discrimination to equal protection of the law.
• Everyone shall have the right to recognition as a person before the law.
• Everyone has the right to freedom of movement and residence within the borders of each State.

The Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) was adopted by the United Nations General Assembly on 10 December 1948  at the Palais de Chaillot in Paris, France.

Article 4 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights explicitly states that no one shall be held in slavery or servitude; slavery and the slave trade shall be prohibited in all their forms.

Right which belong to every human is called human right. Following rights  are included in human right:-

• Right of life
• Right to food
• Right to clothing
• Right to shelter
• Right to education
• Right to health

UDHR stands for the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, which was adopted by the United Nations General Assembly in 1948.

Article 3 of the UDHR states that everyone has the right to life, liberty, and security of person.

The United Nations Conference on the Human Environment, also known as the Stockholm Conference, was held in 1972.

The Stockholm Conference was the first global conference to make the environment a major issue, focusing on human interaction with the natural world.

Human rights are universal rights that belong to every person by virtue of being human, regardless of nationality, sex, or other status.

Sweden was the country that first proposed the idea of a United Nations conference on the human environment, leading to the Stockholm Conference.

The 2015 Paris Conference (COP21) was primarily focused on reaching a legally binding and universal agreement on climate change.

All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood.

The above has been given in  Article 1 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights.

The
National Human Rights commission of India was setup in India to protect
Human rights on 12 October  1993. It is responsible for the protection
and promotion of human rights defined by the acts as " rights relating
to life, liberty, equality and dignity of indivisuals".

On 10 December 1948, the General Assembly of the United Nations announced the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) - 30 rights and freedoms that belong to all of us. Seven decades on and the rights they included continue to form the basis for all international human rights law. Hence, Option A is correct.

Amnesty International is an international organisation which works for Human Rights.

Human Rights Commission reports typically highlight that communal violence disproportionately impacts all vulnerable groups, including women, children, and minorities.