The Chalukyas of Kalyani and Contemporary South Indian Dynasties (973-1189 CE)

• Kavi Bilhana was an 11th-century Kashmiri poet. He is known for his love poem, the Caurapañcāśikā.
• Bilhana left his homeland in search of fame and fortune. He wandered through Mathura, Kanuj, Prayaga, Varanasi, Somnath, Kalyan and Rameswaram but luck eluded him.
• But while trekking back through Kalyan, Western Chalukya Empire King Vikramaditya VI appointed him as Vidyapathi. Bilhana rewarded his patron by composing in his honor an epic Vikramanka charita.

 Someshwara - I is one of the important kings of this dynasty. He built a new city called Kalyana and made it his capital. This is today’s Basava Kalyana in Bidar district.

Keertivarman II was steadily undermined by the activities of Rashtrakuta king Dantidurga who was establishing the Rashtrakuta Empire and was therefore defeated by him.

Throughout their reign, the Pallavas were in constant conflict with both Chalukyas of Badami in the north and the Tamil kingdoms of Chola and Pandyas in the south. Finally. the Pallava king Nandivarman was finally defeated by the Chola ruler Vikramaditya II in the 9th century CE.

Historical records indicate that the Arab invasion of South India occurred during the reign of the Chalukya king Vikramaditya II.

All the sovereign rulers of the Chalukya dynasty bore the title Sri Prithvivallabha, which means "the husband of the goddess of fortune and the Earth" (i.e: Vishnu).

For
the purpose of administrative
convenience, the kingdom was
divided into Rashtra (Mandala),
Vishaya, Nadu and Grama. 

The conflict between the Kalyani Chalukyas and the Cholas over the Vengi region intensified during the reign of Satyashraya.

Before India's independence, Basavakalyana was called Kalyani. After independence and division of states on linguistic basis in 1956, Kalyana was renamed as BasavaKalyana in memory of Vishwaguru Basavanna, a great revolutionary who established Anubhava Mantapa  in 12th century India.

1. The early Kalachuris of the south were Jains and encouraged Jainism in their kingdom. 
2. The first notable chief of the Kalachuri family of Karnataka was Uchita. 
3. While there were several kings who followed him ruling as feudatories of the Kalyani Chalukyas, it was Jogama who became an influential vassal of Vikramaditya VI, being related to the great Chalukya king by matrimony.

Basaveshwara was a saint. He preached in three forms: soft advice, harsh criticism, strict warning. He taught that surrendering oneself to Shiva with total devotion was the only path to salvation. He declared that work is worship. He established Anubhava Mantapa in 1162 C.E. He wrote his vachanas in simple Kannada that resembled the spoken language of the common people.

Basaveshwara was a saint. He preached in three forms: soft advice, harsh criticism, strict warning. He taught that surrendering oneself to Shiva with total devotion was the only path to salvation. He declared that work is worship. He established Anubhava Mantapa in 1162 C.E. He wrote his vachanas in simple Kannada that resembled the spoken language of the common people.

Basaveshwara was a saint. He preached in three forms: soft advice, harsh criticism, strict warning. He taught that surrendering oneself to Shiva with total devotion was the only path to salvation. He declared that work is worship. He established Anubhava Mantapa in 1162 C.E. He wrote his vachanas in simple Kannada that resembled the spoken language of the common people.

Basaveshwara was a saint. He preached in three forms: soft advice, harsh criticism, strict warning. He taught that surrendering oneself to Shiva with total devotion was the only path to salvation. He declared that work is worship. He established Anubhava Mantapa in 1162 C.E. He wrote his vachanas in simple Kannada that resembled the spoken language of the common people.

Basaveshwara was a saint. He preached in three forms: soft advice, harsh criticism, strict warning. He taught that surrendering oneself to Shiva with total devotion was the only path to salvation. He declared that work is worship. He established Anubhava Mantapa in 1162 C.E. He wrote his vachanas in simple Kannada that resembled the spoken language of the common people.

Basaveshwara was a saint. He preached in three forms: soft advice, harsh criticism, strict warning. He taught that surrendering oneself to Shiva with total devotion was the only path to salvation. He declared that work is worship. He established Anubhava Mantapa in 1162 C.E. He wrote his vachanas in simple Kannada that resembled the spoken language of the common people.

Basaveshwara was a saint. He preached in three forms: soft advice, harsh criticism, strict warning. He taught that surrendering oneself to Shiva with total devotion was the only path to salvation. He declared that work is worship. He established Anubhava Mantapa in 1162 C.E. He wrote his vachanas in simple Kannada that resembled the spoken language of the common people.

The Mitakshara is a famous legal commentary on the Yajnavalkya Smriti, written by Vijnanesvara, and it deals primarily with Hindu law, specifically inheritance.

Matching the dynasties to their capitals: Chalukyas of Gujarat (Anhilwad), Kalachuris of Chedi (Tripuri), Paramaras of Malwa (Dhar), Chahamans of Shakambari (Ajmer). This corresponds to A-2, B-1, C-4, D-3.

The Western Chaluya kingdom is referred to as Kalyani Chalukya. After the Chalukyas of Badami were destroyed by Dantidurga, they revived after two centuries in around 973AD. This was known as Chalukyas of Kalyani. It lasted for two centuries and was formed by Taila II after defeating the last Rashtrakuta ruler Kakka II.

After the decline of the Chalukyas and Cholas, the Yadavas, Kakatiyas, Hoysalas, and Pandyas emerged as the dominant powers in South India.

The Rashtrakutas succeeded the Chalukyas of Badami in Western India during the 8th century.

Purandara Dasa (1484–1564) is referred to as the Pitamaha (the father or grandfather) of Karnataka(Carnatic) music as he formulated the basic lessons in teaching Carnatic music.

The Talagunda inscription is a significant epigraphical record written in Sanskrit, detailing the origin of the Kadamba dynasty.

The Kadamba is the first dynasty to be established in Karnataka. Their capital was Banavasi which is in today’s North canara district. Mayurasharma was the  founder and a great king of this dynasty. 

 When Mayura Sharma was insulted by the Pallava king, Shivaskanda Varma, he adopted the Kshatriya way of life and became Mayuravarma. He defeated the Pallavas in a war and established the Kadamba Empire. He is the pride of all Kannadigas. 

The Halmidi inscription, the earliest known epigraph that showed the early usage of Kannada script belongs to Kakusthavarma who ruled between the years 435 CE to 455 CE. The stone inscription found at Halmidi has been assigned to 450 CE. 

Talagunda inscription of Kadamba dynasty belongs to Santivarma. This is one of the earliest inscriptions. This inscription gives major information about the Kadamba dynasty especially about its founders.

Kadamba dynasty was an ancient Brahmin dynasty of Karnataka. The dynasty was founded by Mayurasharma in 345 CE. This rule lasted till 525 CE. Its fame reached to maximum during the reign of Kakusthavarma.

The Kadambas laid the foundation for architecture in Karnataka. They built many temples and basadis in Banavasi. During this period, educational centres like agraharas, brahmapuris and ghatikas were established. The main agraharas of that time were found in Talagunda and Balligave. The agraharas were like residential schools.

The Kadambas of Hangal was a South Indian dynasty during the Late Classical period on the Indian subcontinent, which originated in the region of Karnataka. It was founded by Mayurasharma in 345 AD. Banavasi was the capital of the dynasty. They established themselves there in A.D. 345 and ruled for two centuries.

 Kannada was the language of the people.
The ancient Halmidi inscription shows the characteristics of the Kannada
language which was in use in the 5th century. This has been the first
inscription available in Kannada.

The Chaityalaya at Karle was constructed by Bhootapala, a merchant from Banavasi, as recorded in the inscriptions at the site.

The Kadamba made special contributions to Karnataka and Indian culture. There was political unity for around three hundred years under the Kadamba rule. Royal priests, ministers, and military generals played a significant role in the administration. For administrative ease, provincial officers had been appointed to look after the provinces.
Land revenue was the main source of income in the kingdom. The occupations such as carpentry, goldsmithy, blacksmithy, weaving, oil-extraction, pottery were the main ones in the society. There was greater encouragement for agriculture and trade. Most of the people followed varnashrama. Greater importance was given to patriarchy and undivided family.

Kadamba dynasty was the first dynasty to be established in Karnataka. Their capital was Banavasi which is in today's North Canara district. Mayurasharma was the founder and a great king of this dynasty. When Mayura Sharma was insulted by the Pallava king, Shivaskanda Varma, he adopted the kshatriya way of life and became Mayuravarma. He defeated the Pallavas in a war and established the Kadamba empire. He is the pride of all Kannadigas.

Kailasha temple of Ellora is a mixture of both Chalukya and Pallava style of architecture. Kailasha temple was originally built by Rashtrakuta king Krishna I. 

Banavasi, the ancient capital of the Kadambas, is located in the Uttara Kannada district of Karnataka.