Phase Changes and Thermal Properties of Matter

Answer is B

The boiling point of a liquid is the temperature at which its vapor pressure is equal to the pressure of the gas above it.

Vapour pressure or equilibrium vapour pressure or saturated vapour pressure is defined as the pressure exerted by a vapour in thermodynamic equilibrium with condensed phase at given temperature. At $100^oC$, the vapour pressure is $1atm$; i.e. 760mm of Hg i.e. 76cm of Hg as $1mm=10^{-1}cm$.

During change of state mass does not change.

At higher altitude, water starts boiling at lower temperature and heat required for cooking food is not available, because heat escapes in form of water vapour. So, rice takes longer time to cook at Mount Everest

boiling point is a temperature state when liquid state starts charging into gaseous state.

Melting point of Aluminium is $660.3^oC \approx (659^oC)$

The water is boiling In bucket and in cup, we have same liquid in bucket and cup, the water ,since the boiling point of water is  $100^{o}C$ therefore temperature is same in both .

The boiling point of any liquid increases by exerting pressure on it. In a pressure cooker, the whistle applies pressure because of its weight.

The relation between Celsius and Fahrenheit is given by $\dfrac C{100} = \dfrac{F - 32} {180}$ 

The boiling point of a liquid is the temperature at which the vapor pressure of the liquid equals the environmental pressure surrounding the liquid. The boiling point of liquids varies with and depends upon the surrounding environmental pressure. 

The normal boiling of a liquid is the special case in which the vapor pressure of the liquid equals the defined atmospheric pressure at sea level i.e., at 1 atmosphere (atm) is $100^0C$.

Melting point of mercury is $-38.83^oC$

Boiling occurs when the vapor pressure exceeds the surrounding pressure from the atmosphere. At standard atmospheric pressure, water boils at approximately $100^0 C$.

Boiling point of water at normal atmospheric pressure is $100^oC$

The relation between Celsius and Kelvin is given by, $K = C + 273.15$

Cooking takes longer at higher altitudes because the atmospheric pressure is lower, which causes water to boil at a lower temperature. Mount Everest has the lowest atmospheric pressure among the options, making it the slowest for cooking.

The rate of ice formation is proportional to the thickness already formed because the heat must conduct through the existing ice layer. If it takes 7 hours to form the first 1 cm, the next 1 cm (from 1 cm to 2 cm) takes three times the duration of the first interval in some models, but standard physics problems of this type often follow the t proportional to x^2 rule. Specifically, t1 = k(x1^2), t2 = k(x2^2 - x1^2). Here, 7 = k(1^2), so k = 7. The time for the next cm is 7(2^2 - 1^2) = 7(3) = 21 hours. Given the options, 14 hours is often cited in simplified textbooks, but mathematically it should be 21.

$Q = mc\Delta \theta $

Oxygen is a gas at room temperature. Its melting and boiling points are well below 0 degrees Celsius, meaning they are negative values on the Celsius scale.

Given: When 1g of water at $100^∘C$ gets converted into steam at the same temperature, 

Temperature of a substance during its phase change remains constant. Hence when water boils, the temperature of water remains constant  i.e  $100^oC$.

Petrol (gasoline) is a mixture of hydrocarbons with boiling points typically ranging from 30 to 200 degrees Celsius. Option C provides the most accurate range among the choices.

The dew point is the temperature at which the water vapor in a sample of air at constant barometric pressure condenses into liquid water at the same rate at which it evaporates so dew point is a temperature at which the air becomes saturated.

A fan produces a feeling of comfort because of evaporation of sweat. As evaporation releases heat energy, and evaporation of sweat. Results in feeling cool in those body parts.

The force of attraction between the molecules of matter is called the intermolecular force of attraction.

$v _{rms}\propto \sqrt{T}$
$\Rightarrow \displaystyle\frac{v^2 _1}{v^2 _2}=\frac{T _1}{T _2}$
$\Rightarrow \displaystyle\frac{v^2}{4v^2}=\frac{273}{T _2}$
$\Rightarrow \displaystyle T _2=1092K$
$=819^oC$

Daniel Bernoulli is well known for his work in fluid mechanics (Bernoulli's principle) and the kinetic theory of gases, as well as his mathematical analysis of vibrating strings.