Peasant and tribal revolts - class-X

The Munda Rebellion, also known as Ulgulan, was led by the tribal leader Birsa Munda in the late 19th century in the Chhotanagpur region.

The Sannyasi rebellion or Sannyasi Revolt (1770-1820) (The monks' rebellion) were the activities of sannyasis and fakirs (Hindu ascetics, respectively) in Bengal against the East India Company rule in the late 18th century. It is also known as the Sannyasi rebellion which took place around Murshidabad and Baikunthupur forests of Jalpaiguri. These Sanyasis were Sadhus of the Dasanami sect, which originated in 9th century. In 16th century, a section of Dasnamis was organized by Madhusudana.  Two prominent leaders were Kena Sarkar and Dirji Narayan. The book "Nil Darpan" was about the indigo rebellion of the peasants and does not talk about Sanyasi Rebellion. Hence, Option A is correct. Among the rest, options B and C mention Nildarpan, which is wrong and Option D mentions only one correct statement, 2. Hence, all these are incorrect. 

Kols rebellion is a revolt of tribal communities living on the Chhota Nagpur plateau. It was a peasants movement against government officers and moneylenders. The transfer of tribal lands and the coming of moneylenders, merchants and British laws created a lot of tension among them which led to a rebellion in 1831-32. Thousands of tribal men, women and children were killed and the rebellion was suppressed.

The Santal hool or Santhal uprising started when the Santhals finally took oath to launch an attack on the the British colonial rule, zamindars and money lenders. In July 1855, two Santhal leaders, Sidhu and Kanhu, mobilized thousands of Santhals and declared a rebellion against the colonists. Many money lenders and native agents of the Company were killed with their primitive weapons. But finally, the British, equipped with modern weapons and tactics, brutally crushed the revolt with the two celebrated Santhal leaders Sidhu and Kanhu were killed. Over 20,000 Santhal tribes were killed and several villages were destroyed.

The third largest tribes of India are the Santhal Tribe. This tribe habitation is mainly in the states of West Bengal, Bihar, Odisha, Jharkhand and Assam. They belong to the Pre- Aryan period and were the great fighters during the British regime in India.

He was arrested on 3 March 1900 in Jamkopai forest, Chakradharpur while he was sleeping along his tribal guerrilla army which was fighting against British forces. About 460 tribal people were arrested of which one was given capital punishment, 39 were awarded for transportation for life and 23 for 14 years of jail. Birsa Munda died in Ranchi Jail on 9 June 1900.

Birsa Munda was active primarily in the Chhotanagpur plateau region, with Ranchi being the central hub of his activities during the Munda Rebellion.

Inspired by the patriotic zeal of revolutionaries in Bengal, Raju raided police stations in and around Chintapalle, Rampachodavaram, Dammanapalli, Krishna Devi Peta, Rajavommangi, Addateegala, Narsipatnam and Annavaram.

The Madras Forest Act was passed in year 1882.

Raju was eventually trapped by the British in the forests of Chintapalli, then tied to a tree and was executed by gunfire in Mampa village. His tomb is in Krishna Devi Peta village.

Alluri Sitarama Raju was born in the Pandrangi village, which is located in the Visakhapatnam district of Andhra Pradesh.

Komaram Bheem was born into a family of Gond Tribals in the forests of Komaram Bheem Asifabad district in the state of Telangana.

Raju was eventually trapped by the British in the forests of Chintapalli then tied to a tree and shot dead with a rifle in Mampa village.

When Komaram Bheem was barely 15 years old his father was killed by forest officials for asserting Adivasis' rights.

Siddhiki, a jagirdar was an informer of Nizam who took away Bheem's land.

Komaram Bheem openly fought against the ruling Nizam government in a guerrilla campaign. Which he started from Jodeghat. He defied courts, laws, and any other form of Nizam authority, living off the sustenance of the forest. He took up arms against Nizam Nawab's soldiers, and fought Babi Jhari until his last breath.

In the context of the Nizam's rule in Hyderabad, Bambram was a specific type of tax or levy collected from the peasantry.

Birsa Munda was a young freedom fighter and a tribal leader who belonged to the Munda tribe. He was involved in the popular agitation movement against the unjust laws enforced upon the traditional rights of the Mundas in the protected forest in the Porhat area. He revolted against the dual challenge of agrarian breakdown and cultural change.

The Kol Rebellion (1831-1832) was triggered by a combination of factors including British administrative changes, land revenue policies, and the exploitation by outsiders (dikus) supported by local administration.

The Sanyasi Rebellion, which occurred in the late 18th century in Bengal, was famously depicted by Bankim Chandra Chatterji in his novel Anand Math.

The Ramosis were a hill tribe primarily located in the Western Ghats region of Maharashtra, known for their resistance against British rule.

TheDeccan Riots  of 1875 targeted conditions of debt peonage
to moneylenders. The rioters' specific purpose was to obtain and
destroy the bonds, decrees, and other documents in the possession of the
moneylenders.

In the 19th century and early 20th century,
the tribals in different parts of our country stood against the British
Administration. These uprisings played a very significant role in the
freedom struggle of the country. Apparently, these tribals lived an
isolated life away from the mainstream of the modern civilization, yet
they had belongingness with the common national cause of India.

The Bhil Rebellion in the early 19th century was influenced and promoted by the political instability and the involvement of figures like Peshwa Baji Rao II.

The Sanyasi Revolt was a series of uprisings by sanyasis and fakirs in the Bengal region during the late 18th century.

Sidhu and Kanhu Murmu were the primary leaders of the Santhal Rebellion (1855-1856) against the British and the zamindari system.

Sanyasi Rabellion was made famous by Bankim Chandra Chaterjee through his novel Anandmath.

One of the best known tribal rebellions in Bihar, known as Ulgulan (meaning Great Tumult), was launched by the Mundas under the leadership of Birsa Munda.

The Kolis, the neighbours of the Bhils, also resented the imposition of
British rule, dismantlement of their forests and the new order of
administration and caused widespread employment. The Kolis rose in
rebellion in 1829, in 1839 and once again during 1844-1848.

The Santhal rebellion predates 1857. It was a rebellion of Santhal people led by 4 Murmu Brothers named Sindhu, Kanhu, Chand and Bhairav,
in modern Jharkhand (then Bengal Presidency) against the oppressive
Zamindari system. The initially launched Guerilla warfare in the Jungles
of Jharkhand. The British trapped these outstanding archers and killed
them in a battle. The Santhal villages were plundered and the rebellion
was brutally subdued.

The Ramosis, the hill tribes in the Western Chats, resented British rule
and the British pattern of administration. In 1822, under Chittur
Singh, they revolted and plundered the country around Satara. There
were revolts again during 1825-1826 and the area remained disturbed till
1829. The disturbance erupted again in 1840-1841 over deposition and
banishment of Raja Pratap Singh of Satara in September 1839. A superior
Britishh force restored order in the area.

The Bhils, an aboriginal tribe of Western Ghats with their strongholds
in Khandesh, revolted against their new master, the English East India
Company, fearing agrarian hardships under the new regime. The British
crushed the revolt. However, the Bhils encouraged by the British
reverses in the Burmese war again revolted under the leadership of
Sewaram in 1825 signifying the popular character of the discontent.

The Santhal Rebellion (1855-1856) was led by brothers Sidhu and Kanhu in the region of Bihar/Jharkhand, where they declared an end to British rule, leading to a significant military response.