Universe and organic evolution - class-X

Edaphic factor is an abiotic factor relating to the physical or chemical composition of the soil found in a particular area. The edaphic factors are the abiotic factors with respect to the soil. These factors include; soil texture, soil air, the temperature of the soil,  soil water etc

The biosphere is the global ecosystem composed of living organisms (biota) and the non-living (abiotic) factors from which they derive energy and nutrients, spanning the lithosphere, hydrosphere, and atmosphere.

The primary function of the biosphere is to provide the necessary conditions and resources to sustain life on Earth.

A reservoir in ecological terms acts as a storage component that buffers against imbalances in nutrient or energy cycles. It helps maintain stability when the rate of influx and efflux of materials fluctuates.

The biosphere is the global ecosystem composed of living organisms (biota) and the nonliving (abiotic) factors from which they derive energy and nutrients. It is the thin layer of life surrounding the Earth.

Sun is the ultimate source of energy. The radiation of sun helps to warm the earth. Changing the temperature of earth forms different season. Plants directly depend on the sun to prepare their own by photosynthesis. Sun provides energy in different form solar energy. Thus, the correct option is C.

The biosphere is one of the four layers that surround the earth along with the lithosphere, hydrosphere, and atmosphere. It is the place on earth's surface where life is found. Thus the correct answer is option D.

The sun is called the ultimate source of energy because it is the source of almost all energies of the earth. Plants convert light energy from the sun into chemical energy (food) by the process of photosynthesis. Animals eat plants and use that same chemical energy for all their activities.

Eduard Suess coined the term biosphere in 1875. According to him, bio referred to the life and sphere referred to everything around. Hence, biosphere includes atmosphere, lithosphere and geosphere.

The biosphere is the global sum of all ecosystems. It includes lithosphere, atmosphere and hydrosphere. Earth's lithosphere includes the crust and the uppermost mantle, which constitute the hard and rigid outer layer of the Earth.

RuBisCO is the most abundant protein on Earth, and mitochondria, chloroplasts, and peroxisomes are indeed excluded from the endomembrane system because they are not derived from the endoplasmic reticulum. Statement (a) is false because mesosomes are the plasma membrane outgrowths in prokaryotes, and (b) is false because the rough ER, not the smooth ER, is the site for protein synthesis.

Tigers are animals that consume other animals for energy, classifying them as carnivores. They are a type of consumer, not a producer or decomposer.

Plants are autotrophs that produce their own food through photosynthesis, making them the primary producers in an ecosystem.

Scientific estimates of the number of stars in the observable universe are typically in the range of 10^22 to 10^24.

A typical galaxy like the Milky Way is estimated to contain roughly 100 billion stars, which is 100,000 million.

The entire inhabited part of the earth and its atmosphere (including the living and non living components) forms the biosphere.

Neptune is the eighth and farthest known planet from the Sun in our solar system.

Inferior planets are those whose orbits lie within the orbit of the Earth, specifically Mercury and Venus.

Jupiter is the largest planet in our solar system, with a mass more than twice that of all the other planets combined.

The lithosphere is the rigid outermost shell of a terrestrial-type planet, consisting of the crust and the uppermost part of the mantle.

The concentration of ozone in the troposphere is typically very low, often cited around 0.05 ppm in clean or background conditions.

According to modern theories of chemical evolution and Oparin-Haldane's hypothesis, the early atmosphere of the earth was reducing, containing water vapor, hydrogen, ammonia, and methane, but free oxygen was absent.

The thickness of the lithosphere varies, but 40 km is a commonly cited average value for the continental lithosphere.

The lithosphere is the rigid outer part of the earth, comprising the crust and the solid, outermost part of the upper mantle.

Exobiology, also known as astrobiology, is the study of the origin, evolution, and distribution of life in the universe, including the impact of extra-terrestrial environments on life.

The phenomenon of development of a new species from pre - existing one is called speciation. A species is a collection of demes. The deme is a groups of populations with a common gene pool.

The biosphere is the global sum of all ecosystems, representing the zone of life on Earth.

Beadle, Tatum and Horowitz showed that the earliest organisms were probably heterotrophs.

The oceanic lithosphere is generally thinner than the continental lithosphere, typically ranging from 5 to 100 km, with 10-12 km being a common textbook figure for the crustal portion.

The biosphere is the biological component of earth systems, which include the lithosphere, hydrosphere, atmosphere. The biosphere includes all living organisms on earth. together with the dead organic matter produced by them.

Eduard Suess, an Austrian geologist, coined the term 'biosphere' in 1875 to describe the place on Earth's surface where life dwells.

The lithosphere represents a very small fraction of the Earth's total volume, estimated to be approximately 1%.

The Dihang-Dibang Biosphere Reserve is located in the state of Arunachal Pradesh in India.

Nokrek Biosphere Reserve is located in the West Garo Hills district of Meghalaya, India.