Droughts, Floods, and Water Conservation - Class VIII

During drought, the following is correct.

A Higher level of floods and droughts are due to higher precipitation.A drought is a particular period of below-average precipitation in a given region, which  results in prolonged shortages in its water supply, whether surface water, atmospheric water, or ground water.

The following is a way of water conservation. Collect rainwater and store it for later use.  It increases the availability of water.

Water is essential for photosynthesis and maintaining turgor pressure in plants; without it, plants wilt, dry out, and eventually die.

In general, water harvesting is the activity of direct collection of rainwater. The rainwater collected can be stored for direct use or can be recharged into the ground water. Rain is the first form of water that we know in the hydrological cycle, hence is a primary source of water for us.It is also the infiltration of surface water into subsurface aquifers (before it is lost as surface runoff). 

• Water scarcity is the lack of fresh water resources to meet water demand. It is mainly due to lack of water or due to a lack of adequate machinery or tools to supply water.
• The effects of water scarcity can be grouped into these 4 broad categories. They are Health, Hunger, Education, and Poverty.
  
• The sign of water scarcity includes the following. They are Dried fields having cracks on them, Nutrient deficient plants and Struggle to obtain water from bore wells.
• So, the correct answer is 'All of the above'.

During rainfall, water droplets condense onto one another, causing the droplets to grow. When these water droplets get too heavy to stay suspended in the cloud, they fall to earth as rain.

Water evaporates from plants through transpiration and oceans through evaporation. There is no vegetation during draughts as there is no availability or very little presence of water in the ground making the area dry and cracks the ground.

Rain water harvesting is a method employed to raise the water table of the plane. Its is a single method by which rainfall is collected for future usage. The collected rainwater may be stored, utilized in different ways or directly used for recharge purposes. It is the accumulation and storage of rainwater for re-use on site, rather than allowing it to run-off.

The process of spreading dry ice on upper part of cloud to simulate precipitation process and cause rain is known as cloud seeding.

Harvesting rain water from roof tops is an easy and eco- friendly method of augmenting house hold level water availability. Roof top rain water harvesting involves diverting and recharging or storing part of rain water that falls on the roof of a house.

To prevent excess use of water from taps and tanks, we can collect water from rain.

Drip irrigation is one of the most efficient methods of irrigation. It supplies one drop at a time through small emitters. Thus it does not have little water runoff and very less water is lost during spraying. Thus its efficiency ranges from $80$% to $90$%

A higher level of floods caused by higher precipitation means heavy rainfall.

Drip irrigation is a type of micro-irrigation system that has the potential to save water and nutrients by allowing water to drip slowly to the roots of plants either from above the soil surface (or) buried below the surface. The goal is to place water directly into the root zone, minimize evaporation to reduce the wastage of minerals.

Rainwater can be used to recharge the groundwater. This is referred to as water harvesting and rainwater harvesting.

Collecting rain water for future use is called rainwater harvesting but rain water collection cannot possible in small container.

Water is essential for plants because it transports nutrients, maintains structure through turgor pressure, and acts as a medium for metabolic processes like photosynthesis.

Xerophytes grow in water scarcity, they develop thick cuticle and reduce the loss of water.

In our country, floods cause extensive damage to crops, domestic animals, property and human life. During floods, the animals get carried away with the waters, get trapped on land areas and die.

Bawris are one of the old methods of rain water management. These are deep wells dug in the ground which have steps to reach the water stored. These bawris help in storage of water for longer time as the amount of evaporation of water from the deep well is very less.Bawris are very popular in Rajasthan. People of Rajasthan get access to water through bawris even in summer season.

Rice is a semi-aquatic crop that requires significant amounts of water, typically grown in flooded fields, making it unsuitable for areas with low water availability.

Global water usage statistics consistently show that agriculture accounts for approximately 70% of total freshwater withdrawals worldwide.

Abscisic acid (ABA) is known as a stress hormone in plants. Its levels increase significantly during water scarcity to induce stomatal closure, which helps the plant conserve water.

The following describes the effects of water scarcity on plants. The green character of the planet shall be lost. This may mean the end of all life, for a world without plants shall mean no food, no oxygen, not enough rain, and innumerable other problems.

Careful management of water catchment areas results in more use and less wastage of water.

During the time of emergency when the water becomes scarce, stored water helps to meet the daily requirement. 

Option C does not show water shortage as if every person in the family is getting 3 buckets of water per day then this shows they have enough water of each. Option A and B show water shortage.

Rain water harvesting is collecting rainwater and storing it for later use. Its is a single method by which rainfall is collected for future usage. The collected rainwater may be stored, utilized in different ways or directly used for recharge purposes. It is the accumulation and storage of rainwater for re-use on site, rather than allowing it to run-off.

• Floods occurs due to occurrence of more rainfall than normal level or poor water distribution.
  

While multi-purpose river projects have benefits like flood control and power generation, the displacement of local populations and the loss of livelihoods are widely cited as negative social and environmental impacts, not arguments in favor of them.