Salts and their classification - class-X

An acidic salt is formed by the partial replacement of replaceable hydrogen ions from a polybasic acid. Carbonic acid (H2CO3) is a weak acid that typically dissociates completely or forms neutral salts, whereas others like phosphoric or sulphuric acids have multiple replaceable hydrogens allowing for acidic salt formation.

Lime water/calcium hydroxide $Ca(OH) _2$ is a strong base and sulphuric acid $H _2SO _4$ is a strong acid as they undergo complete dissociation in solution.

A reaction occurs when you mix two aqueous solutions. This is when you will find out whether a precipitate will form or not. A precipitate forms if the product of the reaction is insoluble in water.

When silver nitrate $(AgNO _3)$ reacts with sodium chloride $(NaCl)$ a white precipitate of silver chloride $(AgCl)$ is formed which is highly insoluble in water, along with formation of sodium nitrate $(NaNO _3)$.

$NaH _2PO _4$ + $ 2 NaOH $ $ \rightarrow Na _3PO _4 + H _2O $

Sodium and magnesium chlorides are solids with high melting and boiling points because of the large amount of heat which is needed to break the strong ionic attractions.
$NaCl$ having the highest melting point as the ionic bond is too strong between $Na$ and $Cl$.

CH3COOK is a salt of a weak acid (acetic acid) and a strong base (potassium hydroxide). In aqueous solution, the acetate ion undergoes hydrolysis to form OH- ions, making the solution basic. The other options involve salts of strong acids or weak bases, which result in acidic or neutral solutions.

Bromide salts (NaBr) react with conc. H2SO4 to produce reddish-brown bromine vapors. Nitrates (NaNO3) react with conc. H2SO4 to produce reddish-brown NO2 gas upon heating. Since A reacts with dil. HCl, it must be the bromide (as nitrates do not react with dil. HCl).

Ions that are not involved in the formation of insoluble solid are called as spectator ions.

$Zn+{ H } _{ 2 }{ SO } _{ 4 }(dil.)\rightarrow { ZnSO } _{ 4 }+{ H } _{ 2 }$

Zinc metal with dilute nitric acid gives zinc nitrate.

Iron(II) sulfide is obtained by heating of iron and sulfur which is a direct combination.
$Fe+S \longrightarrow FeS$

Copper reacts with nitric acid to form copper nitrate.

BTB is a pH indicator for reactions between weak acids and bases. It is mostly used in applications that require measuring substances that have a pH near 7. It can be protonated or deprotonated appearing yellow or blue. It is bluish green in neutral solution.

When any element who comes before hydrogen in the reactivity series reacts with a compound containing hydrogen, it displaces the hydrogen from the compound, since it's reactivity is more than that of hydrogen.

Calcium chloride react with sodium carbonate to produce calcium carbonate and sodium chloride.
CaCl₂ + Na₂CO₃ → CaCO₃ + 2NaCl

Soluble salts can be prepared by the addition of acid to :

The method used to prepare insoluble salts are either by precipitation or direct combination.

To make an insoluble salt, it is possible to make two soluble salts react together in a precipitation reaction. Silver nitrate and sodium chloride are both soluble. When mixing their solutions together, the result is insoluble silver chloride and soluble sodium nitrate.

An insoluble salt can be made by mixing two solutions of soluble salts in a process is called precipitation. Two solutions of soluble compounds can be used, each of which provides one of the two ions required to combine and precipitate out as the insoluble salt.

$  Sodium\ hydroxide + Nitric\ acid \rightarrow Sodium\ nitrate + Water  $
$  NaOH(aq) + HNO _3(aq)  \rightarrow  NaNO _3(aq) + 2H _2O(l)   $
Sodium nitrate thus formed is a soluble salt.
 

Reacting an acid with a metal or with an insoluble base gives a soluble salt. 
$  Zn + H _2SO _4 \rightarrow        ZnSO _4     +  H _2  $

Enthalpy and temperature affect the rate of dissolution of ionic solids like salts.
Positive value of enthalpy change indicates that the dissolution of ionic salt is endothermic. Increasing temperature will increase the dissolution of ionic solids like salts.

On the other hand,
negative value of enthalpy change indicates that the dissolution of ionic salt is exothermic. Increasing temperature will decrease the dissolution of ionic solids like salts.
Hence, option (D) is the correct answer.

The products of the  reaction between barium hydroxide and sulphuric acid are barium sulphate and water.
$\displaystyle { H } _{ 2 }{ SO } _{ 4 }\left( aq \right) +{ Ba\left( OH \right)  } _{ 2 }\rightarrow \displaystyle Ba{ SO } _{ 4 } + \displaystyle { H } _{ 2 }O    $
It is acid base neutralisation reaction to form salt and water.

A titration curve is a graph of volume of added base (or acid) vs. pH for a titration.

Titration is a technique used to analyze properties of solutions (concentrations). It involves adding a titrant to the solution to be analyzed.
The process of adding one solution from the burette to another in the conical flask in order to complete the chemical reaction between the two solutions is known as titration. Of two solutions, one must be standard (of known concentration) and other must be of unknown strength.

$A.$ Precipitation reaction
A precipitate of $AgCl$ is formed.
$\displaystyle { Ag }^{ + }\left( aq \right) +{ Cl }^{ - }\rightarrow AgCl\left( s \right) $
$B.$ Combustion reaction
$C.$ Hydrolysis
$D.$ Acid-base neutralization-Acetic acid is neutralized by hydroxide base.
$E.$ Decomposition reaction

You determine the concentration of the unknown substance from the titration data by using the following equation
$\displaystyle  (cH^+)(VH^+) = (cOH^-)(VOH^-)$
$\displaystyle  (cH^+)  $  represents hydrogen ion concentration or acid concentration.
$\displaystyle   (VH^+) $ represents volume of acid solution.
$\displaystyle   (cOH^-)  $  represents hydroxide ion concentration (or base solution concentration).
$\displaystyle   (VOH^-)$  represents volume of base solution.

Precipitation is the formation of solid from a solution. When the reaction occurs in a liquid solution, the solid formed is called the 'precipitate'. The chemical that causes the solid to form is called the 'precipitant'.

Double replacement reactions, also called as double displacement, exchange or metathesis reactions occur when parts of ionic compounds are exchanged, making two new compounds.

Mass of crucible Hydrate $=24.75$

According to Lewis theory, neutralization is the transfer of electron pair from base to acid.

The equivalence point occur at pH 7, in the middle of the dramatic slope,
on a titration curve for a strong acid/strong base titration.
At the equivalence point, the salt of strong acid and strong base is completely hydrolyzed which gives a neutral solution with pH 7 as hydrogen ion concentration is equal to hydroxide ion concentration.

0.05 M $\displaystyle H _2SO _4$  has the same concentration of $\displaystyle H^+$ ions as 0.1 M HCl.
 0.05 M $\displaystyle   H _2SO _4$  $\displaystyle  = 2 \times 0.05 = 0.1$ M $\displaystyle H^+$ ions.
 0.1 M HCl $\displaystyle  = 0.1$ M $\displaystyle H^+$ ions.