Horticulture and organic farming - class-XII

In organic farming, farmers use manures, bio fertilisers, biopesticides and biocontrol agents to increase the crop production instead of using artificial fertilisers and pesticides. It does not utilise genetic engineering.

Organic farming includes several methods to enhance soil fertility. In such farming, methods of biological origin are used, e.g., biopesticides, biofertilisers, IPM (Integrated Pest Management) green manure, bioherbicides, keeping pests and pathogens under control, etc. Chemical fertilisers are not used in organic farming. 

• Sericulture is the industrial growth of silkworm for silk. 
  
• Pisciculture is the commercial breeding and raising of fish stock for consumption. 
  
• Horticulture is growing flowers, fruits and vegetables at a commercial level. 
  
• Apiculture is breeding of honey bees for honey production.
  

Horticulture is the branch of science that deals with the art and technology of growing plants. It includes the cultivation of fruits, vegetables, medicinal plants, ornamental plants and other plants. Agriculture is the science that deals with the study of the production of crops. Breeding of animals is called animal husbandry. Study of soil is called pedology.

Organic farming produces condition for high yielding and good quality of crops. They improve the physical properties of the soil. It supports water conservation. They save energy and protect our environment. 

Monocropping is problematic as it encourages the buildup of diseases and pests that destroy that particular crop. It decreases the total land productivity. In monocropping, the farmer is dependent on a single crop so the risk of crop failure increases which leads to economical loss.

Organic farming is a system which involves those practices which maintain the natural fertility of the soil. It avoids or largely excludes the use fertilizers, pesticides, hormones and relies upon crop rotations, crop residues, animal manures and biological system of nutrient mobilization and plant protection.

Organic farming is the technique which is used for the evolution of the agricultural techniques and increase the production without the use of antibiotics, fertilizers and pesticides. There is combination of farming with traditional methods and maintenance of livestock. There is use of biofertilizers and biopesticides which include the use of live organisms for providing nutrition to the plants. Green manure is used for increasing the soil fertility. This also improves the water-holding capacity of the soil. 

Organic farming is the technique which is used for the evolution of the agricultural techniques and increase the production without the use of antibiotics, fertilizers and pesticides. Organic farming is a combination of farming with traditional methods and maintenance of livestock. This livestock includes cattle and other farm animals. This system also uses the microbial culture to enhance the soil quality and fertility. 

Organic farming is the technique which is used for the evolution of the agricultural techniques and increase the production without the use of antibiotics, fertilizers and pesticides. The method completely relies on sustainable techniques like microbial inoculation which doesn't pose a threat to the environment. This system uses the microbial culture to enhance the soil quality and fertility. The activity of the microbes adds nutrients to the soil. These nutrients can be used by the plants for growth and development. The technique involves the use of cattle and other farm animals for farming. There is use of green manure, biofertilizers and biopesticides. 

A- Organic farming is the method of cultivation of crops through use of fertilizers of organic origin such as green manure, compost, bonemeal etc. It uses techniques such as crop rotation and companion plantation. Synthetic fertilizers and pesticides are strictly prohibited. 

Horticulture has been defined as the culture of plants for food, comfort and beauty. It includes plant conservation, landscape restoration, soil management, landscape and garden design, construction, and maintenance, and arboriculture. It also includes Olericulture (science of vegetable growing, dealing with the culture of non-woody (herbaceous) plants for food), Floriculture, or flower farming(discipline of horticulture concerned with the cultivation of flowering and ornamental plants for gardens and for floristry, comprising the floral industry) and Pomology(is a branch of botany that studies and cultivates fruit). Hence, the horticulture is related to olericulture, floriculture and pomology.

Horticulture is the science or art of cultivating fruits, vegetables, flowers, or ornamental plants. It impacts our lives on a daily basis by providing nutritious fruits and vegetables, offering visual enjoyment, and promoting recreational activities.

Olericulture is the science of vegetable growing, dealing with the production, storage, processing, and marketing of vegetables.

To overcome the problems associated with the overuse of chemical fertilizers ,the farmers have now switched to organic farming . It is the process of use of natural methods like bio-fertilizer , manure , vermicompost & crop rotation etc.

Margosa, nicotine and pyrethrum are natural pesticides obtained from neem, tobacco plants and chrysanthemum plants respectively.

Organic farming minimizes the use of synthetic fertilizers and pesticides, which reduces chemical runoff and preserves soil health. Other options like urban expansion and shifting agriculture often lead to deforestation and habitat destruction.

Organic foods or products are preferred because it has high nutritional value than conventional food . The reason for this is the absence of pesticides & fertilisers .  In the absence of these , the plants boost their production of phytochemicals that strengthen their resistance to bugs and weeds .

Organic farming uses only naturally produced inputs like compost and organic farming doesn't use pesticides and urea.

Floriculture, or flower farming, is a discipline of horticulture concerned with the cultivation of flowering and ornamental plants for gardens and for floristry, comprising the floral industry. 

Organic farming is a form of agricultural practices in which all the natural technique and products are used  such as crop rotation, green manure, compost and biological pest control instead of chemically synthesized fertilizers or pest control. Thus, the organic farming is a farming system with minimal or no use of chemicals such as fertilizers, herbicides, pesticides.

The Farm is the largest organic farm in India. It is comprised of an area of over 350 acres. This farm is situated in Uttar Pradesh, some kilometers away from Benaras. There is cultivation of many crop plants, pulses, aromatic and spices plants. There is use of cattle and other farm animals for farming.

Organic farming is raising crops without using any chemicals. We can use both biofertilizers and manures for organic farming.

Organic farming relies on natural processes and inputs like compost, green manure, and crop rotation; it strictly avoids synthetic chemical fertilizers.