Energy conservation and sources - class-X

Water pollution is the condition in which there is an increase in the concentration of the undesirable compounds in the water resources. The pollutants are the organic compounds. The microbes use up the oxygen which is present in the water bodies for the degradation of the organic matter in the pollutants. This lowers the amount of oxygen which is available for the aquatic plants and animals.

Preservation refers to the measures taken to keep living things in their original balanced state. Conservation refers to the careful and systematic use of natural resources without causing harm and death to living organisms in the environment. Recycling of waste, reducing the use of non-renewable natural resources and alternative source are the measures to maintain the natural resources without harming the resources and environment. Thus, the correct answer is option D.

Natural resource management refers to the management of natural resources such as land, water, soil,  plants and animals, with a particular focus on how management affects the quality of life for both present  and future generations. This includes all the above a,b & c points hence d option is the right answer.

Biogas is a flammable gas that is produced from the fermentation or degradation of biomass in biogas plants. Biogas typically refers to a gas produced by the biological breakdown (degradation) of organic matter in the absence of oxygen. whereas the breakdown of organic matter, usually by bacterial action, resulting in the formation of other substances of less complex constitution with the evolution of ammonia is known as putrification.

Compact fluorescent lamps (CFL) are the bulbs which are generally used to save the electricity. These bulbs use and convert only 1/5$^{th}$ of the electricity into light. There is consumption of less electricity. This helps in reduction of about 6000 megawatts of electricity per year. 

Nonrenewable resources are resources that are not easily replenished by the environment. Thus coal and  minerals are examples of non renewable resources.

De-dust lighting fixtures are designed to minimize dust accumulation, which ensures that the light output remains consistent and illumination levels are maintained over time.

India is ranked 5th largest wind producing country in the world. The largest wind energy farm is in Muppandal, Tamilnadu having the capacity of 1500MW wind production. So, the correct option is C.

CFL is compact fluorescent light. Compact fluorescent light bulbs are used in place of incandescent bulb because they use about 1/7$^{th}$ of the power used by the incandescent bulb. Hence, they are highly efficient in saving electricity.

Oil is a mixture of molecules that mainly contain carbon and hydrogen. When it burns it also produces CO$ _2$, but 25% less than coal for the same amount of energy (because the combustion of hydrogen gives energy but generates only water). 

Energy generated by using wind, hydrogen, tides, solar, geothermal heat, and biomass is known as non-conventional energy. These are the inexhaustible non-conventional resource. Hence, these are the best choice for energy production.

Photosynthesis is the process by which green plants and certain other organisms transform light energy into chemical energy. Photosynthesis in green plants harnesses the energy of sunlight to convert carbon dioxide, water, and minerals into organic compounds and gaseous oxygen. Hence, planting green trees is an easy way to conserve solar energy.

• Energy plantation is the practice of planting trees, purely for their use as fuel. Terrestrial biomass i.e., the wood plants have been used for a long time to generate fire for cooking and other purposes.
• Energy plantation is an Eco-friendly method or environmental friendly as this method does not cause any harm to the environment.
  
• Hence the Eco-friendly method is Energy plantation.
• So, the correct answer is 'Energy plantation'.

Based on standard environmental science data often cited in textbooks: Oil reserves are estimated to last about 45 years, gas reserves about 72 years, and coal reserves about 252 years.

Developed nations like the USA, UK, and Russia have significantly higher industrialization and energy consumption per capita compared to developing nations like India.

The wind, water, and nuclear energy are renewable forms of energy resources. These reserves once consumed can be replenished again. When there is an energy crisis, due to the reduction in the number of energy reserves, there will be an increase in the use of renewable resources. These energy resources can be exploited for the production of energy when there are no other resources available. 

Conservation of energy is of great concern nowadays. Light is also a form of energy which should not be wasted. The best way to conserve the light energy are as follows.

CFL (Compact fluorescent light bulbs) and LED (Light emitting diode bulb) are used in place of incandescent bulb because they use about 1/7$^{th}$ of the power used by the incandescent bulb. Hence, they are highly efficient in saving electricity.

Energy generated by using wind, tides, solar, geothermal heat, and biomass is known as non-conventional energy. Solar energy is an inexhaustible non-conventional resource. There are three methods of harnessing solar energy- direct heating (e.g., solar cookers), thermoelectric conversion or solar thermal power plants, for example, steam generation and photovoltaic conversion.

The energy management is very important for the conservation of energy. It involves monitoring the consumption of energy, finding ways to save (control) energy and taking initiatives to conserve energy by replacing the inefficient equipments and controlling routine waste. The power should not be switched on when TV and any other audio or video device is not in use for a long time. It is because even in the switch off condition energy is consumed by the electric appliances and this is called standby power. 10 watts of energy is consumed by the TV even if, the power is on but TV is not in use. So, the correct option is B.